The calvaria is the top part of the skull. It is the superior part of the neurocranium and covers the cranial cavity containing the brain. It forms the main component of the skull roof.
In Latin, the word calvaria is used as a feminine noun with plural calvariae; however, many medical texts incorrectly list the word as calvarium, a neuter Latin noun with plural calvaria.[2]
The outer surface of the skull possesses a number of landmarks. The point at which the frontal bone and the two parietal bones meet is known as the bregma. The point at which the two parietal bones and the occipital bone meet is known as the lambda. Not only do these landmarks indicate the fontanelle in newborns, they also act as reference points in medicine and surgery.
The inner surface of the skull-cap is concave and presents depressions for the convolutions of the cerebrum, together with numerous furrows for the lodgement of branches of the meningeal vessels. Along the middle line is a longitudinal groove, narrow in front, where it commences at the frontal crest, but broader behind; it lodges the superior sagittal sinus, and its margins afford attachment to the falx cerebri. On either side of it are several depressions for the arachnoid granulations, and at its back part, the openings of the parietal foramina when these are present.
The outer layer of the skull has been removed and shows the diploic veins and inner layer.
Most bones of the calvaria consist of internal and external tables or layers of compact bone, separated by diploë. The diploë is cancellous bone containing red bone marrow during life, through which run canals formed by diploic veins. The diploë in a dried calvaria is not red because the protein was removed during preparation of the cranium. The internal table of bone is thinner than the external table, and in some areas there is only a thin plate of compact bone with no diploë.[3] Calvarial bones are supplied by endosteal and periosteal sheaths which are innervated by the nociceptors, sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nerves. Horizontal section of the mouse pups showed that the density of nerve fibers was highest in the region of forehead, temples, and the back of head which crossing the frontal, parietal, and interparietal bones. In the calvarial innervation in the adult mouse, CGRP-labeled fibers and peripherin were seen in the sutures, emissary canals, and bone marrow but not in diploe. Nerve fibers passing through the emissary canals and cavity of bone marrow provided the branches of periosteal and dural nerves whereas fibers from the sutures gave out to the dural nerves.[4]
In many translations of the Gospels, Jesus is killed in a place named "Calvary", a reference to this body part.
Referencesedit
^Tubbs RS, Bosmia AN, Cohen-Gadol AA (January 2012). "The human calvaria: a review of embryology, anatomy, pathology, and molecular development". Child's Nervous System. 28 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1637-0. PMID 22120469. S2CID 38394369.
^"calvaria", Wiktionary, the free dictionary, 2023-10-15, retrieved 2024-03-09
^Kosaras B, Jakubowski M, Kainz V, Burstein R (July 2009). "Sensory innervation of the calvarial bones of the mouse". The Journal of Comparative Neurology (in French). 515 (3): 331–48. doi:10.1002/cne.22049. PMC2710390. PMID 19425099.
Further readingedit
Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Shoja MM, Apaydin N, Salter EG, Oakes WJ (April 2008) [20 Nov 2007]. "The intriguing history of the human calvaria: sinister and religious". Child's Nervous System. 24 (4). Springer-Verlag: 417–22. doi:10.1007/s00381-007-0509-0. PMID 18026961. S2CID 895823.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calvaria (skull).
Cross section image: skull/calv-inf—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
Cross section image: skull/calv-sup—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
Calvaria
April 12, 2024
calvaria, skull, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, calvaria, skull, news, newspapers, books, scholar, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Calvaria skull news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message The calvaria is the top part of the skull It is the superior part of the neurocranium and covers the cranial cavity containing the brain It forms the main component of the skull roof Calvaria skull DetailsPart ofThe calvaria is the top part of the skullIdentifiersLatincalvariaTA98A02 1 00 032TA2436FMA52800Anatomical terms of bone edit on Wikidata The calvaria is made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone occipital bone and parietal bones 1 In the human skull the sutures between the bones normally remain flexible during the first few years of postnatal development and fontanelles are palpable Premature complete ossification of these sutures is called craniosynostosis In Latin the word calvaria is used as a feminine noun with plural calvariae however many medical texts incorrectly list the word as calvarium a neuter Latin noun with plural calvaria 2 Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Layers 2 Development 3 In popular culture 4 References 4 1 Further reading 5 External linksStructure edit nbsp Resistance structures of calvariaThe outer surface of the skull possesses a number of landmarks The point at which the frontal bone and the two parietal bones meet is known as the bregma The point at which the two parietal bones and the occipital bone meet is known as the lambda Not only do these landmarks indicate the fontanelle in newborns they also act as reference points in medicine and surgery The inner surface of the skull cap is concave and presents depressions for the convolutions of the cerebrum together with numerous furrows for the lodgement of branches of the meningeal vessels Along the middle line is a longitudinal groove narrow in front where it commences at the frontal crest but broader behind it lodges the superior sagittal sinus and its margins afford attachment to the falx cerebri On either side of it are several depressions for the arachnoid granulations and at its back part the openings of the parietal foramina when these are present It is crossed in front by the coronal suture and behind by the lambdoid suture while the sagittal suture lies in the medial plane between the parietal bones Layers edit nbsp The outer layer of the skull has been removed and shows the diploic veins and inner layer Most bones of the calvaria consist of internal and external tables or layers of compact bone separated by diploe The diploe is cancellous bone containing red bone marrow during life through which run canals formed by diploic veins The diploe in a dried calvaria is not red because the protein was removed during preparation of the cranium The internal table of bone is thinner than the external table and in some areas there is only a thin plate of compact bone with no diploe 3 Calvarial bones are supplied by endosteal and periosteal sheaths which are innervated by the nociceptors sensory sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves Horizontal section of the mouse pups showed that the density of nerve fibers was highest in the region of forehead temples and the back of head which crossing the frontal parietal and interparietal bones In the calvarial innervation in the adult mouse CGRP labeled fibers and peripherin were seen in the sutures emissary canals and bone marrow but not in diploe Nerve fibers passing through the emissary canals and cavity of bone marrow provided the branches of periosteal and dural nerves whereas fibers from the sutures gave out to the dural nerves 4 nbsp nbsp Development editIn the fetus the formation of the calvaria involves a process known as intramembranous ossification In popular culture editIn many translations of the Gospels Jesus is killed in a place named Calvary a reference to this body part References edit Tubbs RS Bosmia AN Cohen Gadol AA January 2012 The human calvaria a review of embryology anatomy pathology and molecular development Child s Nervous System 28 1 23 31 doi 10 1007 s00381 011 1637 0 PMID 22120469 S2CID 38394369 calvaria Wiktionary the free dictionary 2023 10 15 retrieved 2024 03 09 Moore KL Daly AF Agur AM eds 2010 Clinically Oriented Anatomy 6th ed Baltimore Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p 1168 ISBN 978 0 7817 7525 0 Kosaras B Jakubowski M Kainz V Burstein R July 2009 Sensory innervation of the calvarial bones of the mouse The Journal of Comparative Neurology in French 515 3 331 48 doi 10 1002 cne 22049 PMC 2710390 PMID 19425099 Further reading edit Tubbs RS Loukas M Shoja MM Apaydin N Salter EG Oakes WJ April 2008 20 Nov 2007 The intriguing history of the human calvaria sinister and religious Child s Nervous System 24 4 Springer Verlag 417 22 doi 10 1007 s00381 007 0509 0 PMID 18026961 S2CID 895823 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calvaria skull Cross section image skull calv inf Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna Cross section image skull calv sup Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna Calvaria Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Calvaria skull amp oldid 1212711846 Layers, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
