The inferior nasal concha (inferior turbinated bone or inferior turbinal/turbinate) is one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll, (turbinate meaning inverted cone).[1] The inferior nasal conchae are considered a pair of facial bones. As the air passes through the turbinates, the air is churned against these mucosa-lined bones in order to receive warmth, moisture and cleansing. Superior to inferior nasal concha are the middle nasal concha and superior nasal concha which both arise from the ethmoid bone, of the cranial portion of the skull.[2] Hence, these two are considered as a part of the cranial bones.
Inferior nasal concha
Medial wall of left orbit. (Inferior nasal concha visible in center in yellow.)
Figure 1: Lateral wall of right nasal cavity showing inferior concha in situ. (pink)
The medial surface is convex, perforated by numerous apertures, and traversed by longitudinal grooves for the lodgement of vessels.
The lateral surface is concave, and forms part of the inferior meatus.
Bordersedit
Its upper border is thin, irregular, and connected to various bones along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
It may be divided into three portions: of these,
the anterior articulates with the conchal crest of the maxilla;
the posterior with the conchal crest of the palatine;
the middle portion presents three well-marked processes, which vary much in their size and form.
Of these, the anterior or lacrimal process is small and pointed and is situated at the junction of the anterior fourth with the posterior three-fourths of the bone: it articulates, by its apex, with the descending process of the lacrimal bone, and, by its margins, with the groove on the back of the frontal process of the maxilla, and thus assists in forming the canal for the nasolacrimal duct.
Behind this process a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus.
The inferior border is free, thick, and cellular in structure, more especially in the middle of the bone.
Extremitiesedit
Both extremities are more or less pointed, the posterior being the more tapering.
Developmentedit
The inferior nasal concha is ossified from a single center, which appears about the fifth month of fetal life in the lateral wall of the cartilaginous nasal capsule.[citation needed]
The entire inferior concha may be absent in some people. This is a consequence of embryologic agenesis and is a normal anatomic variant.[3]
Clinical significanceedit
Dysfunctionedit
Large, swollen inferior turbinates may lead to blockage of nasal breathing. Allergies, exposure to environmental irritants, or a persistent inflammation within the sinuses can lead to turbinate swelling. Deformity of the nasal septum can also result in enlarged turbinates.
Treatment of the underlying allergy or irritant may reduce turbinate swelling. In cases that do not resolve, or for treatment of deviated septum, turbinate surgery may be required.
In the case of turbinate reduction, only small amounts of turbinate tissue are removed because the turbinates are essential for respiration. Turbinectomy is usually reserved for patients who have persistent symptoms despite previous turbinate reduction surgery. Risks of reduction of the inferior or middle turbinates include empty nose syndrome.
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The inferior nasal concha inferior turbinated bone or inferior turbinal turbinate is one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone curled upon itself like a scroll turbinate meaning inverted cone 1 The inferior nasal conchae are considered a pair of facial bones As the air passes through the turbinates the air is churned against these mucosa lined bones in order to receive warmth moisture and cleansing Superior to inferior nasal concha are the middle nasal concha and superior nasal concha which both arise from the ethmoid bone of the cranial portion of the skull 2 Hence these two are considered as a part of the cranial bones Inferior nasal conchaMedial wall of left orbit Inferior nasal concha visible in center in yellow Figure 1 Lateral wall of right nasal cavity showing inferior concha in situ pink DetailsArticulationsEthmoid maxilla lacrimal and palatine boneIdentifiersLatinconcha nasi inferior concha nasalis inferiorTA98A02 1 08 001TA2740FMA54736Anatomical terms of bone edit on Wikidata This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Inferior nasal concha news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2024 Learn how and when to remove this template message It has two surfaces two borders and two extremities Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Surfaces 1 2 Borders 1 3 Extremities 1 4 Development 2 Clinical significance 2 1 Dysfunction 2 2 Surgery 3 Additional images 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksStructure edit nbsp Right and left inferior nasal conchaeSurfaces edit The medial surface is convex perforated by numerous apertures and traversed by longitudinal grooves for the lodgement of vessels The lateral surface is concave and forms part of the inferior meatus Borders edit Its upper border is thin irregular and connected to various bones along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity It may be divided into three portions of these the anterior articulates with the conchal crest of the maxilla the posterior with the conchal crest of the palatine the middle portion presents three well marked processes which vary much in their size and form Of these the anterior or lacrimal process is small and pointed and is situated at the junction of the anterior fourth with the posterior three fourths of the bone it articulates by its apex with the descending process of the lacrimal bone and by its margins with the groove on the back of the frontal process of the maxilla and thus assists in forming the canal for the nasolacrimal duct Behind this process a broad thin plate the ethmoidal process ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid from its lower border a thin lamina the maxillary process curves downward and lateralward it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus The inferior border is free thick and cellular in structure more especially in the middle of the bone Extremities edit Both extremities are more or less pointed the posterior being the more tapering Development edit The inferior nasal concha is ossified from a single center which appears about the fifth month of fetal life in the lateral wall of the cartilaginous nasal capsule citation needed The entire inferior concha may be absent in some people This is a consequence of embryologic agenesis and is a normal anatomic variant 3 Clinical significance editDysfunction edit Large swollen inferior turbinates may lead to blockage of nasal breathing Allergies exposure to environmental irritants or a persistent inflammation within the sinuses can lead to turbinate swelling Deformity of the nasal septum can also result in enlarged turbinates Treatment of the underlying allergy or irritant may reduce turbinate swelling In cases that do not resolve or for treatment of deviated septum turbinate surgery may be required Surgery edit Inferior turbinate reduction is a surgery to reduce the size of the inferior turbinates There are different techniques including bipolar radiofrequency ablation also known as somnoplasty electrocautery and use of cold steel instruments eg microdebrider Inferior turbinectomy is a surgery to remove the inferior turbinates In the case of turbinate reduction only small amounts of turbinate tissue are removed because the turbinates are essential for respiration Turbinectomy is usually reserved for patients who have persistent symptoms despite previous turbinate reduction surgery Risks of reduction of the inferior or middle turbinates include empty nose syndrome Additional images edit nbsp Right inferior nasal concha Medial surface nbsp Right inferior nasal concha Lateral surface nbsp Human skull Inferior nasal concha See also editThis article uses anatomical terminology Empty nose syndrome Nasal conchaReferences edit nbsp This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 169 of the 20th edition of Gray s Anatomy 1918 Definition of TURBINATE www merriam webster com Bell Daniel Dr Radiopaedia Retrieved 28 February 2022 Tubbs R Shane Shoja Mohammadali M Loukas Marios July 2016 Bergman s Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation 3rd ed Wiley Blackwell ISBN 978 1 118 43035 4 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Inferior nasal concha Anatomy figure 33 01 07 at Human Anatomy Online SUNY Downstate Medical Center Anatomy diagram 34256 000 1 Roche Lexicon illustrated navigator Elsevier Archived from the original on 2012 12 27 Portal nbsp Anatomy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inferior nasal concha amp oldid 1206698390, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
