This article is about the self-governing Native areas in the United States of America. For the unorganized U.S. territory whose general borders were initially set by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834, see Indian Territory. For other uses, see Indian country (disambiguation).
Indian country is any of the many self-governing Native American/American Indian communities throughout the United States. As a legal category, it includes "all land within the limits of any Indian reservation", "all dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States", and "all Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished."[1][2]
BIA map of Indian Reservations in the Continental United States
This legal classification defines American Indian tribal and individual land holdings as part of a reservation, an allotment, or a public domain allotment. All federal trust lands held for Native American tribes is Indian country. Federal, state, and local governments use this category in their legal processes. Today, however, according to the U.S. Census of 2010, over 78% of all Native Americans live off reservations. Indian country now spans thousands of rural areas, towns and cities where Indian people live.
This convention is followed generally in colloquial speech and is reflected in publications such as the Native American newspaper Indian Country Today
Related and historical meanings
Historically, Indian country was considered the areas, regions, territories or countries beyond the frontier of settlement that were inhabited primarily by Native Americans. Colonists made treaties with Native Americans agreeing to offer services and protection indefinitely in exchange for peaceful transfer of Native American land.
Most Indians in the area of the former Reserve were either killed or relocated further west under policies of Indian Removal. After the Louisiana Purchase, the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834 created the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River as a destination. It too was gradually divided into territories and states for European American settlement, leaving only modern Indian Reservations inside the boundaries of U.S. states.
In the current usage the term "Indian country" is used by "soldiers, military strategists, reporters, and World Wide Web users to refer to hostile, unsecured, and dangerous territory in Iraq and Afghanistan."[6]
^Higgins, Tucker; Mangan, Dan (July 9, 2020). "Supreme Court says eastern half of Oklahoma is Native American land". CNBC. from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
^Liptak, Adam; Healy, Jack (July 9, 2020). "Supreme Court Rules Nearly Half of Oklahoma Is Indian Reservation". The New York Times. from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
^Silliman, Stephen W. (June 2008). "The "Old West" in the Middle East: U.S. Military Metaphors in Real and Imagined Indian Country". American Anthropologist. 110 (2): 237–247. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1433.2008.00029.x. JSTOR 27563986. Retrieved Nov 23, 2020.
N. Bruce Duthu, American Indians and the Law (NY: Penguin Library -Viking - 2008)
David H. Getches, Charles F. Wilkinson, and Robert A. Williams, jr., Cases and Materials on Federal Indian Law, 4th Ed. (St. Paul: West Pub., 1998)
Imre Sutton, ed., "The Political Geography of Indian Country." American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 15(02) 1991
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This article is about the self governing Native areas in the United States of America For the unorganized U S territory whose general borders were initially set by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834 see Indian Territory For other uses see Indian country disambiguation Indian country is any of the many self governing Native American American Indian communities throughout the United States As a legal category it includes all land within the limits of any Indian reservation all dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States and all Indian allotments the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished 1 2 BIA map of Indian Reservations in the Continental United States Contents 1 Legal classification 2 Related and historical meanings 2 1 Between the Appalachians and Mississippi 2 2 West of the Mississippi 2 3 Current non legal usage 3 See also 4 ReferencesLegal classification EditMain article Indian country jurisdiction This legal classification defines American Indian tribal and individual land holdings as part of a reservation an allotment or a public domain allotment All federal trust lands held for Native American tribes is Indian country Federal state and local governments use this category in their legal processes Today however according to the U S Census of 2010 over 78 of all Native Americans live off reservations Indian country now spans thousands of rural areas towns and cities where Indian people live This convention is followed generally in colloquial speech and is reflected in publications such as the Native American newspaper Indian Country TodayRelated and historical meanings EditHistorically Indian country was considered the areas regions territories or countries beyond the frontier of settlement that were inhabited primarily by Native Americans Colonists made treaties with Native Americans agreeing to offer services and protection indefinitely in exchange for peaceful transfer of Native American land Between the Appalachians and Mississippi Edit Main article Indian Reserve 1763 As the original 13 colonies grew and treaties were made the de facto boundary between settled territory and Indian country during the 18th century was roughly the crest of the Appalachian Mountains a boundary set into law by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 the Confederation Congress Proclamation of 1783 and later by the Nonintercourse Act 3 The Indian Reserve was gradually settled by European Americans and divided into territories and states starting with Kentucky County an extension of Virginia and the Northwest Territory West of the Mississippi Edit Main article Indian Territory Most Indians in the area of the former Reserve were either killed or relocated further west under policies of Indian Removal After the Louisiana Purchase the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834 created the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River as a destination It too was gradually divided into territories and states for European American settlement leaving only modern Indian Reservations inside the boundaries of U S states In 2020 the United States Supreme Court ruled in McGirt v Oklahoma that the tribal statistical area and former reservation of the Muscogee Creek Nation remains under the tribal sovereignty of the Muscogee Creek Nation for the purposes of the Major Crimes Act 4 5 Current non legal usage Edit In the current usage the term Indian country is used by soldiers military strategists reporters and World Wide Web users to refer to hostile unsecured and dangerous territory in Iraq and Afghanistan 6 See also EditAboriginal title in the United States Indian country jurisdiction Native American reservation politics Off reservation trust land Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area Tribal sovereignty in the United States Land Buy Back Program for Tribal NationsReferences Edit 18 U S C 1151 Law cornell edu Retrieved 2012 06 08 What Is Indian Country Tribaljurisdiction tripod com Retrieved 2012 06 08 Vine Deloria Jr and Clifford M Lytle 1983 Indian Country American Indians American Justice Austin Texas University of Texas Press ISBN 978 0292738348 Higgins Tucker Mangan Dan July 9 2020 Supreme Court says eastern half of Oklahoma is Native American land CNBC Archived from the original on July 10 2020 Retrieved July 9 2020 Liptak Adam Healy Jack July 9 2020 Supreme Court Rules Nearly Half of Oklahoma Is Indian Reservation The New York Times Archived from the original on July 11 2020 Retrieved July 9 2020 Silliman Stephen W June 2008 The Old West in the Middle East U S Military Metaphors in Real and Imagined Indian Country American Anthropologist 110 2 237 247 doi 10 1111 j 1548 1433 2008 00029 x JSTOR 27563986 Retrieved Nov 23 2020 N Bruce Duthu American Indians and the Law NY Penguin Library Viking 2008 David H Getches Charles F Wilkinson and Robert A Williams jr Cases and Materials on Federal Indian Law 4th Ed St Paul West Pub 1998 Imre Sutton ed The Political Geography of Indian Country American Indian Culture and Research Journal 15 02 1991https www census gov prod cen2010 briefs c2010br 10 pdf Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indian country amp oldid 1087635639, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
