Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations
INDIGO or IndIGO (Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations) is a consortium of Indian gravitational wave physicists.[1] It is an initiative to set up advanced experimental facilities for a multi-institutional observatory project in gravitational-wave astronomy to be located near Aundha Nagnath, Hingoli District, Maharashtra, India.[2] Predicted date of commission is in 2030.[3]
| Alternative names | LIGO-India |
|---|---|
| Location(s) | India |
| Coordinates | 19°36′45″N 77°01′57″E / 19.6125°N 77.0325°E |
| Telescope style | gravitational-wave observatory |
| Website | www |
Location of Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations | |
Since 2009, the IndIGO Consortium has been planning a roadmap for gravitational-wave astronomy and a phased strategy towards Indian participation in realizing a gravitational wave observatory in the Asia-Pacific region. IndIGO is the Indian partner (along with the LIGO Laboratory in the US) in planning the LIGO-India project,[4] a planned advanced gravitational-wave detector to be located in India, whose concept proposal is now under active consideration by the science funding agencies in India and US.[5] The LIGO Laboratory, in collaboration with the U.S. National Science Foundation and Advanced LIGO partners from the U.K., Germany and Australia, has offered to provide all of the designs and hardware for one of the three planned Advanced LIGO detectors to be installed, commissioned, and operated by an Indian team of scientists in a facility to be built in India. A site near Aundha Nagnath in the Hingoli District, Maharashtra has been selected.[6][2] In April 2023, the Cabinet of India approved the project to build the advanced gravitational-wave detector in Maharashtra at an estimated cost of Rs 2,600 crore. The facility's construction is expected to be completed by 2030.[7]
Activities edit
The IndIGO Consortium has spearheaded the proposal for the LIGO-India gravitational wave observatory, in association with the LIGO laboratory in US. In addition to the LIGO-India project, the other activities of IndIGO involve facilitating international collaborations in gravitational-wave physics and astronomy, initiating a strong experimental gravitational-wave research program in India, training of students and young scientists, etc.[8]
The observatory will be operated jointly by IndIGO and LIGO and would form a single network along with the LIGO detectors in the U.S. and Virgo in Italy. The design of the detector will be identical to that of the Advanced LIGO detectors in the U.S.[9]
Purpose edit
The major purpose of IndIGO is to set up the LIGO-India detector, which would help enhance the network of gravitational wave detectors worldwide. The network includes the two LIGO detectors in the US (in Hanford and Livingston), the Virgo and GEO600 detectors in Europe, and the KAGRA detector in Japan. By simultaneous detection of the same event on these multiple detectors, a precise location in the sky can be pinpointed for the source of the detected waves. For example, the first detected gravitational waves by LIGO could only pinpoint the location of the black hole merger source to a broad area of the southern hemisphere sky. Using triangulation, this location information could be improved if the signal was detected on more than two detectors. Another important goal of IndIGO is to train scientists for successfully operating the LIGO-India detector, when commissioned. Previous studies have shown that a detector operational in India would improve source localization significantly, by an order of magnitude or more, depending on the region of the sky.[10][11]
Funding edit
The additional funding required to operate the LIGO-India detector was under consideration by the Government of India under the aegis of its Department of science and technology (DST) and Department of atomic energy (DAE). The U.S National Science Foundation agreed to the relocation of one of the Hanford detectors (L2) to LIGO-India provided that the additional funding required to house the detector in India would have to be sponsored by the host country.[12]
On 17 February 2016, less than a week after LIGO's announcement about the detection of gravitational waves, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the Cabinet had granted 'in-principle' approval to the LIGO-India mega science proposal.[13] The Indian gravitational-wave detector would be only the sixth such observatory in the world and will be similar to the two US detectors in Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana.[14] A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on 31 March 2016 between the Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science & Technology in India and the National Science Foundation of the US to develop the observatory in India.[15]
As of July 2021, the project was expected to cost INR 1,200 Crores, and was contingent on 'full approval' by the Cabinet of the Government of India.[16] In April 2023, full approval for the project was granted to build the advanced gravitational-wave detector in Maharashtra, at an estimated cost of Rs 2,600 Crores. The facility's construction is expected to be completed by 2030.[7]
In a joint statement in June 2023, President Joe Biden and Prime Minister Narendra Modi "welcomed the commencement of construction of a Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in India."[17]
Organization and membership edit
The three lead institutions in the IndIGO consortium are: Institute of Plasma Research (IPR), Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), and Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT).[9]
IndIGO has currently[when?] over 70 member scientists. Bala Iyer of the Raman Research Institute is the chairperson and Tarun Souradeep of the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics is the Spokesperson. The international advisory committee is chaired by theoretical physicist Abhay Ashtekar and has members from several international as well as Indian research institutions. IndiGO is a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "IndIGO | Welcome". Gw-indigo.org. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ a b Souradeep, Tarun (18 January 2019). "LIGO-India: Origins & site search" (PDF). p. 27. (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
- ^ Mann, Adam (4 March 2020). "The golden age of neutron-star physics has arrived". Nature. 579 (7797): 20–22. Bibcode:2020Natur.579...20M. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00590-8. PMID 32132697.
- ^ "LIGO-India". Indigo. 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ^ "IndIGO | LIGO-India". Gw-indigo.org. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ "First LIGO Lab Outside US To Come Up In Maharashtra's Hingoli". NDTV. 8 September 2016.
- ^ a b Bureau, The Hindu (7 April 2023). "Cabinet approves LIGO-India, gravitational-wave detector to be built in Maha". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ "IndIGO | Science Goals". Gw-indigo.org. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ a b Priyadarshini, Subhra (11 February 2016). "Gravitational waves send ripples of joy for LIGO-India". Nature India. India. doi:10.1038/nindia.2016.20. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ Fairhurst, Stephen (28 September 2012), "Improved source localization with LIGO-India", Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 484: 012007, arXiv:1205.6611, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/484/1/012007, S2CID 118583506, LIGO document P1200054-v6
- ^ Schutz, Bernard F. (25 April 2011), "Networks of Gravitational Wave Detectors and Three Figures of Merit", Classical and Quantum Gravity, 28 (12): 125023, arXiv:1102.5421, Bibcode:2011CQGra..28l5023S, doi:10.1088/0264-9381/28/12/125023, S2CID 119247573
- ^ "Memorandum to Members and Consultants of the National Science Board" (PDF). National Science Board. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
- ^ "Cabinet grants 'in-principle' approval to LIGO-India". LIGO-India. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ Padma, T. V. (22 January 2019). "India's LIGO gravitational-wave observatory gets green light". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00184-z. S2CID 128018821.
- ^ "'Indian gravitational waves observatory will be best in the world'". Hindustan Times. 17 December 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Five years on, LIGO-India awaits cabinet's full approval". The Indian Express. 4 July 2021.
- ^ "Joint Statement from the United States and India". THE WHITE HOUSE. 22 June 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.