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Illinois in the American Civil War

February 16, 2024

During the American Civil War, the state of Illinois was a major source of troops for the Union Army (particularly for those armies serving in the Western Theater of the Civil War), and of military supplies, food, and clothing. Situated near major rivers and railroads, Illinois became a major jumping off place early in the war for Ulysses S. Grant's efforts to seize control of the Mississippi and Tennessee rivers. Statewide, public support for the Union was high despite Copperhead sentiment.

The state was energetically led throughout the war by Governor Richard Yates. Illinois contributed 250,000 soldiers to the Union Army, ranking it fourth in terms of the total manpower in Federal military service. Illinois troops predominantly fought in the Western Theater, although a few regiments played important roles in the East, particularly in the Army of the Potomac. Several thousand Illinoisians were killed or died of their wounds during the war, and a number of national cemeteries were established in Illinois to bury their remains. In addition to President Abraham Lincoln, a number of other Illinois men became prominent in the army or in national politics, including generals, Ulysses S. Grant, John M. Schofield and John A. Logan, Senator Lyman Trumbull, and Representative Elihu P. Washburne. No major battles were fought in the state, although several river towns became sites for important supply depots and "brownwater" navy yards. Several prisoner of war camps and prisons dotted the state after 1863, processing thousands of captive Confederate soldiers.

However, not everyone in the state supported the war. In fact, there were even calls for secession in Southern Illinois or Little Egypt by several residents. In Marion residents voted to secede from the United States. A few, even, volunteered for the Confederate States Army in Tennessee. Thirty-four men, while Frank Metcalf claimed they were forty-five,[1] from the southern tip of the state, were recruited from Jackson and Williamson County, joined Company G, "The Illinois Company", of the 15th Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry.[2] This can be attributed to the region's close cultural and economic ties to the South since many Southerners had migrated there. However, the movement for secession soon fizzled after the proposal was blocked and shelved.

Eighteen counties of southern Illinois formed the congressional district of Democrat John A. Logan. Rumors abounded in early 1861 whether he would organize his supporters and join the Confederacy. In fact he was suppressing pro-Confederate elements, and organizing his supporters to fight for the Union. Lincoln made him a general, and Logan played a major role under generals Grant and Sherman. His men marched to war as Democrats; they marched home as Republicans. Later, Logan helped found the Grand Army of the Republic veteran organization, was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, and was the Republican vice presidential nominee in 1884.[3][4] As a precaution, Union troops remained in Little Egypt for the remainder of the war.[5] Confederate sentiment would remain alive in Southern Illinois amid the growing Copperhead political movement in the North.

History edit

 
Color-bearers of the 7th IVI

During the Civil War, 256,297 people from Illinois served in the Union army, more than any other northern state except for New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. Beginning with Illinois resident President Lincoln's first call for troops and continuing throughout the war, the state mustered 150 infantry regiments, which were numbered from the 7th Illinois to the 156th Illinois. Seventeen cavalry regiments were also mustered, as well as two light artillery regiments.[6] Due to enthusiastic recruiting rallies and high response to voluntary calls to arms, the military draft was little used in Chicago and its environs, but was a factor in supplying manpower to Illinois regiments late in the war in other regions of the state. Camp Douglas, located near Chicago, was one of the largest training camps for these troops, as well as Camp Butler near Springfield. Both served as leading prisoner-of-war camps for captive Confederates. Another significant POW camp was located at Rock Island. Several thousand Confederates died while in custody in Illinois prison camps and are buried in a series of nearby cemeteries. There were no Civil War battles fought in Illinois, but Cairo, at the juncture of the Ohio River with the Mississippi River, became an important Union supply base, protected by Camp Defiance. Other major supply depots were located at Mound City and across the Ohio river at Fort Anderson in Paducah, Kentucky, along with sprawling facilities for the United States Navy gunboats and associated river fleets. One of which would take part in the nearby Battle of Lucas Bend. Leading major generals with Illinois ties included Ulysses S. Grant, John Buford, John Pope, John M. Schofield, John A. Logan, John A. McClernand, Benjamin Prentiss and Stephen Hurlbut. Brigadier General Elon J. Farnsworth, who began his career in the 8th Illinois Cavalry, died at the Battle of Gettysburg. President Lincoln maintained his home in Springfield, Illinois, where he is buried. Over 100 soldiers from Illinois units would earn the Medal of Honor during the conflict.

Union home-front support edit

The Chicago city government and voluntary societies gave generous support to soldiers during the war.[7] Composer and music publisher George Frederick Root gained fame and fortune from a number of well-received war songs, including The Battle Cry of Freedom and others. A pair of Chicago-based women, Mary Livermore and Jane Hoge, organized a pair of large expositions, the Northwest Sanitary Fairs, where cash generated from the sale of donated items was later used to purchase medical supplies for the soldiers. Their activities helped spark the postbellum women's rights movement in Illinois. Mary Ann Bickerdyke, a resident of Galesburg, was a noted nurse for the Western armies. Workers in various factories and mills, as well as the port and stockyards, helped provide a steady source of materiel, food, and clothing to Illinois troops, as well as to the general Union army. Mound City foundry workers converted river steamboats into armored gunboats for Federal service. With traditional Southern markets cut off by the war, the port of Chicago rose in prominence as Illinois expanded trade with the Great Lakes region. Chicago meatpackers earned venture capital during the war that was reinvested in 1865, as the war ended, to create the Northern city's Union Stock Yards.

War politics edit

During the 1860 Presidential Election, two men from Illinois were among the four major candidates. Illinois voted in favor of Springfield resident Abraham Lincoln (172,171 votes or 50.7% of the ballots cast) over Chicagoan Stephen Douglas (160,215; 47.2%). Of minor consequence in the statewide results were Southern candidates John C. Breckinridge (2,331; 0.7%), and John Bell (4,914; 1.5%).[8] Throughout the war, Illinois politics were dominated by Republicans under the energetic leadership of Governor Richard Yates and Senators Lyman Trumbull and Orville H. Browning. Democrats scored major gains in the 1862 election by attacking Lincoln's emancipation plan as danger to the state since it would bring in thousands of freed slaves.[9] As a result, the Democrats had a majority in the legislature and in 1863, Browning's Senate seat, formerly held by Douglas prior to the war, was filled by the Democrats with the election of William Alexander Richardson. In the 1864 presidential election, Illinois residents supported Lincoln's re-election, giving the president 189,512 votes (54.4% of the total) to General George McClellan's 158,724 votes (45.6%).[10] Within a year, Lincoln was dead and his remains had been returned to Springfield for burial.

Confederate Homefront support edit

Copperheads edit

Opposition views of the Peace Democrats (or "Copperheads") filled the columns of The Chicago Times, the mouthpiece of the rival Democratic Party. It was the nation's loudest and most persistent critic of Lincoln and emancipation. At one point early in the Gettysburg Campaign in June 1863, Union troops forcibly closed the newspaper at bayonet point. It was only reopened when Democratic mobs threatened to destroy the rival Republican paper and President Lincoln intervened.[11] Barry shows that Amos Green (1826–1911) from Paris, Illinois, was a leading lawyer and Peace Democrat (Copperhead). Green saw the War as unjust and Lincoln as a despot who had to be stopped. He wrote vicious denunciations of the administration in local newspapers. He was arrested for sedition in 1862. After his release in August 1862, he became the grand commander of the secret Order of American Knights in Illinois, which fought restrictions on civil liberties. It was also called the Knights of the Golden Circle and later the Sons of Liberty. Green was funded by the Confederate government to arrange riots at the Democratic National Convention in 1864. Although the riots never materialized, he continued giving antigovernment speeches until he was again arrested in November 1864. After this arrest, he agreed to testify for the government about the activities of the Knights; his testimony implicated others but ignored his own deep involvement in antigovernment plots.[12] In 1864, a clash between Copperheads and Union Soldiers in Charleston, Illinois resulted in nine dead and twelve wounded in what is now called the "Charleston Riot".

Notable leaders from Illinois edit

Among the many Illinois generals who rose to post-war prominence were Ulysses S. Grant, who became president in 1869, Green B. Raum, who became a U.S. congressman and the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service, and James L. Alcorn, who was a U.S. Senator and the Governor of Mississippi. Both were born near Golconda. Galena-born John Aaron Rawlins, long a confidant of U.S. Grant, became the United States Secretary of War in the Grant Administration. John M. Palmer, a resident of Carlinville, was a postbellum Governor of Illinois and the presidential candidate of the National Democratic Party in the 1896 election. Edward S. Salomon, an immigrant from Europe, was appointed by President Grant as the Governor of the Washington Territory. William P. Carlin of Carrollton became a general in the postbellum U.S. Army and commanded several outposts in Montana and elsewhere.

A number of soldiers from Illinois regiments would eventually become governors of U.S. states. Among them were John Marshall Hamilton, future governor of Illinois; Albinus Nance, future governor of Nebraska; John St. John, future governor of Kansas; and Samuel Rinnah Van Sant, future governor of Minnesota.

See also edit

References edit

  • Cole, Arthur Charles, The Era of the Civil War, 1848–1870, (Sesquicentennial History of Illinois, Vol 3) (ISBN 0-252-01339-5) (1919, reprinted 1987), outstanding scholarly history covering politics, economy and society.
  • Hicken, Victor, Illinois in the Civil War, University of Illinois Press, 1991, a scholarly history focused on the soldiers.
  • Illinois in the Civil War. Retrieved February 1, 2005.
  • Chicago History. Retrieved August 7, 2006.
  • Northern Illinois University's Illinois During the Civil War website. Retrieved August 8, 2006.
  • Leip, David. "1860 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved July 27, 2005.
  • Leip, David. "1864 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved July 27, 2005.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Metcalf, Frank. "The Illinois Confederate Company," Confederate Veteran, vol. 16, pp.224-5. S.A. Cunningham, 1908.
  2. ^ 15th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry - Company G, The Confederate Army's Southern Illinois Company, Illinois in the Civil War website
  3. ^ William S. Morris; et al. (1998). History 31st Regiment Illinois Volunteers Organized by John A. Logan. SIU Press. pp. 15–20.
  4. ^ James Pickett Jones (1995). Black Jack: John A. Logan and Southern Illinois in the Civil War Era. SIU Press. pp. 82–90.
  5. ^ "The Civil War and Late 19th Century" 2012-02-23 at the Wayback Machine, The History of Southern Illinois, Egyptian Area on Aging, Inc., 1996–2009, accessed 15 May 2009
  6. ^ Illinois regiments during the Civil War 2005-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Kurt A. Carlson, "Backing the Boys in the Civil War: Chicago's Home Front Supports the Troops - and Grows in the Process," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Spring/Summer 2011, Vol. 104 Issue 1/2, pp 140-165
  8. ^ Leip, 1860
  9. ^ Bruce S. Allardice, "'Illinois is Rotten with Traitors!' The Republican Defeat in the 1862 State Election," . Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Spring/Summer 2011, Vol. 104 Issue 1/2, pp 97-114
  10. ^ Leip, 1864
  11. ^ Chicago History website
  12. ^ Peter J. Barry, "Amos Green, Paris, Illinois: Civil War Lawyer, Editorialist, and Copperhead," Journal of Illinois History, Spring 2008, Vol. 11 Issue 1, pp 39-60

Further reading edit

  • Allardice, Bruce S. “‘Illinois is Rotten with Traitors!’ The Republican Defeat in the 1862 State Election,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 104 (Spring–Summer 2011), 97–114.
  • Baker, Jason B. Chicago to Appomattox: The 39th Illinois Infantry in the Civil War (McFarland, 2022).
  • Bearden-White, Christina. "Illinois Germans and the Coming of the Civil War: Reshaping Ethnic Identity" Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 109#3 (2016), pp. 231–251 DOI: 10.5406/jillistathistsoc.109.3.0231
  • Bohn, Roger E. "Richard Yates: An Appraisal of his Value as the Civil War Governor of Illinois," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society Spring/Summer2011, Vol. 104 Issue 1/2, pp 17–37 in JSTOR
  • Cole, Arthur Charles. The Era of the Civil War 1848–1870 (1919), the standard scholarly history; vol 3 of the Centennial History of Illinois.
  • Costigan, David. A city in wartime: Quincy, Illinois and the Civil War (2021).
  • Duerkes, Wayne N. "'I for one am ready to do my part': The initial motivations that inspired men from Northern Illinois to enlist in the U.S. Army, 1861–1862," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (2012) 105#4 pp 313–32 in JSTOR
  • Dyer, Frederick H., A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. 3 volumes. Thomas Yoseloff, reprinted 1959; covers every state
  • Girardi, Robert I. "'I am for the President's Proclamation teeth and toe nails': Illinois Soldiers Respond to the Emancipation Proclamation." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 106#3-4 (2013) pp: 395–421. in JSTOR
  • Gleeson, Ed. Illinois Rebels - A Civil War Unit History of G Company, 15th Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry (1996, Guild Press of Indiana: Carmel, Indiana)
  • Grossman, James R.. Ann Durkin Keating, and Janice L. Reiff, eds. The Encyclopedia of Chicago (2005) online version
  • Hicken, Victor, Illinois in the Civil War, University of Illinois Press. 1991. ISBN 0-252-06165-9.
  • Jones, James Pickett (1995). Black Jack: John A. Logan and Southern Illinois in the Civil War Era. SIU Press. p. 91ff.
  • Jordan, Brian Matthew. Marching Home: Union Veterans and Their Unending Civil War (WW Norton & Company, 2015)
  • Karamanski, Theodore J., Rally 'Round the Flag: Chicago and the Civil War. Nelson-Hall, 1993. ISBN 0-8304-1295-6.
  • Kleen, Michael, “The Copperhead Threat in Illinois Peace Democrats, Loyalty Leagues, and the Charleston Riot of 1864,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 105 (Spring 2012), 69–92.
  • Lentz, Perry. Key Command: Ulysses S. Grant's District of Cairo (University of Missouri Press, 2006)
  • Levy, George. To Die in Chicago: Confederate Prisoners at Camp Douglas, 1862–65. (2nd ed. 1999) excerpt and text search.
  • Metcalf, Frank. "The Illinois Confederate Company," Confederate Veteran, vol. 16, pp.224-5. S.A. Cunningham, 1908.
  • Miller Jr, Edward A. The Black Civil War Soldiers of Illinois: The Story of the Twenty-Ninth US Colored Infantry (Univ of South Carolina Press, 2021).
  • Pierce, Bessie Louise. A History of Chicago: Volume II: From Town to City 1848–1871 (1937)
  • Swan, James B. Chicago's Irish Legion: The 90th Illinois Volunteers in the Civil War (Southern Illinois University Press, 2009)

Historiography and memory edit

  • Karamanski, Theodore J. "Illinois at the High Tide: The Era of the Civil War, 1848–1870." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 111.1-2 (2018): 55–78. online
  • Knoll, Jeremy. "Remembering the Fallen: The Creation of Civil War Monuments in Illinois, 1865–1929." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 114.2 (2021): 33–95.

Primary sources edit

  • Burton, William L., Descriptive bibliography of Civil War manuscripts in Illinois. Civil War Centennial Commission of Illinois, Northwestern University Press, 1966.
  • Flotow, Mark, ed. In Their Letters, in Their Words: Illinois Civil War Soldiers Write Home (Southern Illinois University Press, 2019).
  • Office of the Adjutant General, Roster of Officers and Enlisted Men. 9 volumes, State Printing Office, 1900.
  • U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 70 volumes in 4 series. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. online
  • Voss-Hubbard, Mark, ed. Illinois's War: The Civil War in Documents. (Ohio University Press, 2013) 244 pp. online review

External links edit

  • Illinois regiments during the Civil War
  • History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, W. H. Bentley, 1883
  • Illinois During the Civil War, 1861–1865, Illinois Historical Digitization Projects at Northern Illinois University Libraries]
  • Official Website dedicated to the memory of the 92nd Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry in America's Civil War 2016-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
  • State of Illinois: 150th Civil War Anniversary project

Research resources edit

  • Civil War Records of the 4th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, 1861–1864 (6 volumes) are housed in the at Stanford University Libraries

February 16, 2024
illinois, american, civil, during, american, civil, state, illinois, major, source, troops, union, army, particularly, those, armies, serving, western, theater, civil, military, supplies, food, clothing, situated, near, major, rivers, railroads, illinois, beca. During the American Civil War the state of Illinois was a major source of troops for the Union Army particularly for those armies serving in the Western Theater of the Civil War and of military supplies food and clothing Situated near major rivers and railroads Illinois became a major jumping off place early in the war for Ulysses S Grant s efforts to seize control of the Mississippi and Tennessee rivers Statewide public support for the Union was high despite Copperhead sentiment The state was energetically led throughout the war by Governor Richard Yates Illinois contributed 250 000 soldiers to the Union Army ranking it fourth in terms of the total manpower in Federal military service Illinois troops predominantly fought in the Western Theater although a few regiments played important roles in the East particularly in the Army of the Potomac Several thousand Illinoisians were killed or died of their wounds during the war and a number of national cemeteries were established in Illinois to bury their remains In addition to President Abraham Lincoln a number of other Illinois men became prominent in the army or in national politics including generals Ulysses S Grant John M Schofield and John A Logan Senator Lyman Trumbull and Representative Elihu P Washburne No major battles were fought in the state although several river towns became sites for important supply depots and brownwater navy yards Several prisoner of war camps and prisons dotted the state after 1863 processing thousands of captive Confederate soldiers However not everyone in the state supported the war In fact there were even calls for secession in Southern Illinois or Little Egypt by several residents In Marion residents voted to secede from the United States A few even volunteered for the Confederate States Army in Tennessee Thirty four men while Frank Metcalf claimed they were forty five 1 from the southern tip of the state were recruited from Jackson and Williamson County joined Company G The Illinois Company of the 15th Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry 2 This can be attributed to the region s close cultural and economic ties to the South since many Southerners had migrated there However the movement for secession soon fizzled after the proposal was blocked and shelved Eighteen counties of southern Illinois formed the congressional district of Democrat John A Logan Rumors abounded in early 1861 whether he would organize his supporters and join the Confederacy In fact he was suppressing pro Confederate elements and organizing his supporters to fight for the Union Lincoln made him a general and Logan played a major role under generals Grant and Sherman His men marched to war as Democrats they marched home as Republicans Later Logan helped found the Grand Army of the Republic veteran organization was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican and was the Republican vice presidential nominee in 1884 3 4 As a precaution Union troops remained in Little Egypt for the remainder of the war 5 Confederate sentiment would remain alive in Southern Illinois amid the growing Copperhead political movement in the North Contents 1 History 2 Union home front support 3 War politics 4 Confederate Homefront support 4 1 Copperheads 5 Notable leaders from Illinois 6 See also 7 References 8 Notes 9 Further reading 9 1 Historiography and memory 9 2 Primary sources 10 External links 11 Research resourcesHistory edit nbsp Color bearers of the 7th IVIDuring the Civil War 256 297 people from Illinois served in the Union army more than any other northern state except for New York Pennsylvania and Ohio Beginning with Illinois resident President Lincoln s first call for troops and continuing throughout the war the state mustered 150 infantry regiments which were numbered from the 7th Illinois to the 156th Illinois Seventeen cavalry regiments were also mustered as well as two light artillery regiments 6 Due to enthusiastic recruiting rallies and high response to voluntary calls to arms the military draft was little used in Chicago and its environs but was a factor in supplying manpower to Illinois regiments late in the war in other regions of the state Camp Douglas located near Chicago was one of the largest training camps for these troops as well as Camp Butler near Springfield Both served as leading prisoner of war camps for captive Confederates Another significant POW camp was located at Rock Island Several thousand Confederates died while in custody in Illinois prison camps and are buried in a series of nearby cemeteries There were no Civil War battles fought in Illinois but Cairo at the juncture of the Ohio River with the Mississippi River became an important Union supply base protected by Camp Defiance Other major supply depots were located at Mound City and across the Ohio river at Fort Anderson in Paducah Kentucky along with sprawling facilities for the United States Navy gunboats and associated river fleets One of which would take part in the nearby Battle of Lucas Bend Leading major generals with Illinois ties included Ulysses S Grant John Buford John Pope John M Schofield John A Logan John A McClernand Benjamin Prentiss and Stephen Hurlbut Brigadier General Elon J Farnsworth who began his career in the 8th Illinois Cavalry died at the Battle of Gettysburg President Lincoln maintained his home in Springfield Illinois where he is buried Over 100 soldiers from Illinois units would earn the Medal of Honor during the conflict Union home front support editThe Chicago city government and voluntary societies gave generous support to soldiers during the war 7 Composer and music publisher George Frederick Root gained fame and fortune from a number of well received war songs including The Battle Cry of Freedom and others A pair of Chicago based women Mary Livermore and Jane Hoge organized a pair of large expositions the Northwest Sanitary Fairs where cash generated from the sale of donated items was later used to purchase medical supplies for the soldiers Their activities helped spark the postbellum women s rights movement in Illinois Mary Ann Bickerdyke a resident of Galesburg was a noted nurse for the Western armies Workers in various factories and mills as well as the port and stockyards helped provide a steady source of materiel food and clothing to Illinois troops as well as to the general Union army Mound City foundry workers converted river steamboats into armored gunboats for Federal service With traditional Southern markets cut off by the war the port of Chicago rose in prominence as Illinois expanded trade with the Great Lakes region Chicago meatpackers earned venture capital during the war that was reinvested in 1865 as the war ended to create the Northern city s Union Stock Yards War politics editDuring the 1860 Presidential Election two men from Illinois were among the four major candidates Illinois voted in favor of Springfield resident Abraham Lincoln 172 171 votes or 50 7 of the ballots cast over Chicagoan Stephen Douglas 160 215 47 2 Of minor consequence in the statewide results were Southern candidates John C Breckinridge 2 331 0 7 and John Bell 4 914 1 5 8 Throughout the war Illinois politics were dominated by Republicans under the energetic leadership of Governor Richard Yates and Senators Lyman Trumbull and Orville H Browning Democrats scored major gains in the 1862 election by attacking Lincoln s emancipation plan as danger to the state since it would bring in thousands of freed slaves 9 As a result the Democrats had a majority in the legislature and in 1863 Browning s Senate seat formerly held by Douglas prior to the war was filled by the Democrats with the election of William Alexander Richardson In the 1864 presidential election Illinois residents supported Lincoln s re election giving the president 189 512 votes 54 4 of the total to General George McClellan s 158 724 votes 45 6 10 Within a year Lincoln was dead and his remains had been returned to Springfield for burial Confederate Homefront support editCopperheads edit Opposition views of the Peace Democrats or Copperheads filled the columns of The Chicago Times the mouthpiece of the rival Democratic Party It was the nation s loudest and most persistent critic of Lincoln and emancipation At one point early in the Gettysburg Campaign in June 1863 Union troops forcibly closed the newspaper at bayonet point It was only reopened when Democratic mobs threatened to destroy the rival Republican paper and President Lincoln intervened 11 Barry shows that Amos Green 1826 1911 from Paris Illinois was a leading lawyer and Peace Democrat Copperhead Green saw the War as unjust and Lincoln as a despot who had to be stopped He wrote vicious denunciations of the administration in local newspapers He was arrested for sedition in 1862 After his release in August 1862 he became the grand commander of the secret Order of American Knights in Illinois which fought restrictions on civil liberties It was also called the Knights of the Golden Circle and later the Sons of Liberty Green was funded by the Confederate government to arrange riots at the Democratic National Convention in 1864 Although the riots never materialized he continued giving antigovernment speeches until he was again arrested in November 1864 After this arrest he agreed to testify for the government about the activities of the Knights his testimony implicated others but ignored his own deep involvement in antigovernment plots 12 In 1864 a clash between Copperheads and Union Soldiers in Charleston Illinois resulted in nine dead and twelve wounded in what is now called the Charleston Riot Notable leaders from Illinois edit nbsp Pres Abraham Lincoln nbsp Lt Gen Ulysses S Grant nbsp Gov Richard Yates nbsp Sen Lyman Trumbull nbsp Sen Orville H Browning nbsp Rep Elihu B Washburne nbsp Maj Gen John Buford nbsp Maj Gen John Pope nbsp Maj Gen John M Schofield nbsp Maj Gen John A Logan nbsp Maj Gen John A McClernand nbsp Maj Gen Benjamin Grierson nbsp Maj Gen Stephen A Hurlbut nbsp Maj Gen Benjamin Prentiss nbsp Maj Gen Richard J Oglesby nbsp Bvt Maj GenElias Smith Dennis nbsp Bvt Maj GenJohn Aaron Rawlins nbsp Brig Gen W H L Wallace nbsp Brig Gen Elon J FarnsworthAmong the many Illinois generals who rose to post war prominence were Ulysses S Grant who became president in 1869 Green B Raum who became a U S congressman and the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service and James L Alcorn who was a U S Senator and the Governor of Mississippi Both were born near Golconda Galena born John Aaron Rawlins long a confidant of U S Grant became the United States Secretary of War in the Grant Administration John M Palmer a resident of Carlinville was a postbellum Governor of Illinois and the presidential candidate of the National Democratic Party in the 1896 election Edward S Salomon an immigrant from Europe was appointed by President Grant as the Governor of the Washington Territory William P Carlin of Carrollton became a general in the postbellum U S Army and commanded several outposts in Montana and elsewhere A number of soldiers from Illinois regiments would eventually become governors of U S states Among them were John Marshall Hamilton future governor of Illinois Albinus Nance future governor of Nebraska John St John future governor of Kansas and Samuel Rinnah Van Sant future governor of Minnesota See also editList of Illinois Civil War Units Bibliography of the American Civil War Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln Bibliography of Ulysses S Grant William R Rowley aide de camp on General Grant s staffReferences editCole Arthur Charles The Era of the Civil War 1848 1870 Sesquicentennial History of Illinois Vol 3 ISBN 0 252 01339 5 1919 reprinted 1987 outstanding scholarly history covering politics economy and society Hicken Victor Illinois in the Civil War University of Illinois Press 1991 a scholarly history focused on the soldiers Illinois in the Civil War Retrieved February 1 2005 Chicago History Retrieved August 7 2006 Northern Illinois University s Illinois During the Civil War website Retrieved August 8 2006 Leip David 1860 Presidential Election Results Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Retrieved July 27 2005 Leip David 1864 Presidential Election Results Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Retrieved July 27 2005 Notes edit Metcalf Frank The Illinois Confederate Company Confederate Veteran vol 16 pp 224 5 S A Cunningham 1908 15th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Company G The Confederate Army s Southern Illinois Company Illinois in the Civil War website William S Morris et al 1998 History 31st Regiment Illinois Volunteers Organized by John A Logan SIU Press pp 15 20 James Pickett Jones 1995 Black Jack John A Logan and Southern Illinois in the Civil War Era SIU Press pp 82 90 The Civil War and Late 19th Century Archived 2012 02 23 at the Wayback Machine The History of Southern Illinois Egyptian Area on Aging Inc 1996 2009 accessed 15 May 2009 Illinois regiments during the Civil War Archived 2005 02 04 at the Wayback Machine Kurt A Carlson Backing the Boys in the Civil War Chicago s Home Front Supports the Troops and Grows in the Process Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society Spring Summer 2011 Vol 104 Issue 1 2 pp 140 165 Leip 1860 Bruce S Allardice Illinois is Rotten with Traitors The Republican Defeat in the 1862 State Election Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society Spring Summer 2011 Vol 104 Issue 1 2 pp 97 114 Leip 1864 Chicago History website Peter J Barry Amos Green Paris Illinois Civil War Lawyer Editorialist and Copperhead Journal of Illinois History Spring 2008 Vol 11 Issue 1 pp 39 60Further reading editAllardice Bruce S Illinois is Rotten with Traitors The Republican Defeat in the 1862 State Election Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 104 Spring Summer 2011 97 114 Baker Jason B Chicago to Appomattox The 39th Illinois Infantry in the Civil War McFarland 2022 Bearden White Christina Illinois Germans and the Coming of the Civil War Reshaping Ethnic Identity Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 109 3 2016 pp 231 251 DOI 10 5406 jillistathistsoc 109 3 0231 Bohn Roger E Richard Yates An Appraisal of his Value as the Civil War Governor of Illinois Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society Spring Summer2011 Vol 104 Issue 1 2 pp 17 37 in JSTOR Cole Arthur Charles The Era of the Civil War 1848 1870 1919 the standard scholarly history vol 3 of the Centennial History of Illinois Costigan David A city in wartime Quincy Illinois and the Civil War 2021 Duerkes Wayne N I for one am ready to do my part The initial motivations that inspired men from Northern Illinois to enlist in the U S Army 1861 1862 Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 2012 105 4 pp 313 32 in JSTOR Dyer Frederick H A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion 3 volumes Thomas Yoseloff reprinted 1959 covers every state Girardi Robert I I am for the President s Proclamation teeth and toe nails Illinois Soldiers Respond to the Emancipation Proclamation Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 106 3 4 2013 pp 395 421 in JSTOR Gleeson Ed Illinois Rebels A Civil War Unit History of G Company 15th Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry 1996 Guild Press of Indiana Carmel Indiana Grossman James R Ann Durkin Keating and Janice L Reiff eds The Encyclopedia of Chicago 2005 online version Hicken Victor Illinois in the Civil War University of Illinois Press 1991 ISBN 0 252 06165 9 Jones James Pickett 1995 Black Jack John A Logan and Southern Illinois in the Civil War Era SIU Press p 91ff Jordan Brian Matthew Marching Home Union Veterans and Their Unending Civil War WW Norton amp Company 2015 Karamanski Theodore J Rally Round the Flag Chicago and the Civil War Nelson Hall 1993 ISBN 0 8304 1295 6 Kleen Michael The Copperhead Threat in Illinois Peace Democrats Loyalty Leagues and the Charleston Riot of 1864 Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 105 Spring 2012 69 92 Lentz Perry Key Command Ulysses S Grant s District of Cairo University of Missouri Press 2006 Levy George To Die in Chicago Confederate Prisoners at Camp Douglas 1862 65 2nd ed 1999 excerpt and text search Metcalf Frank The Illinois Confederate Company Confederate Veteran vol 16 pp 224 5 S A Cunningham 1908 Miller Jr Edward A The Black Civil War Soldiers of Illinois The Story of the Twenty Ninth US Colored Infantry Univ of South Carolina Press 2021 Pierce Bessie Louise A History of Chicago Volume II From Town to City 1848 1871 1937 Swan James B Chicago s Irish Legion The 90th Illinois Volunteers in the Civil War Southern Illinois University Press 2009 Historiography and memory edit Karamanski Theodore J Illinois at the High Tide The Era of the Civil War 1848 1870 Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 111 1 2 2018 55 78 online Knoll Jeremy Remembering the Fallen The Creation of Civil War Monuments in Illinois 1865 1929 Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 114 2 2021 33 95 Primary sources edit Burton William L Descriptive bibliography of Civil War manuscripts in Illinois Civil War Centennial Commission of Illinois Northwestern University Press 1966 Flotow Mark ed In Their Letters in Their Words Illinois Civil War Soldiers Write Home Southern Illinois University Press 2019 Office of the Adjutant General Roster of Officers and Enlisted Men 9 volumes State Printing Office 1900 U S War Department The War of the Rebellion A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies 70 volumes in 4 series Washington United States Government Printing Office 1880 1901 online Voss Hubbard Mark ed Illinois s War The Civil War in Documents Ohio University Press 2013 244 pp online reviewExternal links editIllinois in the Civil War Mike s Musings Illinois in the Civil War ILGenWeb Project Illinois regiments during the Civil War History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry W H Bentley 1883 Civil War Flags of Illinois 1 Illinois During the Civil War 1861 1865 Illinois Historical Digitization Projects at Northern Illinois University Libraries Official Website dedicated to the memory of the 92nd Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry in America s Civil War Archived 2016 12 26 at the Wayback Machine State of Illinois 150th Civil War Anniversary projectResearch resources editCivil War Records of the 4th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry 1861 1864 6 volumes are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Illinois in the American Civil War amp oldid 1196175264, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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