Ildar Dadin
Ildar Ildusovich Dadin (Russian: Ильда́р Ильду́сович Да́дин, Tatar: Илдар Илдус улы Дадин, born 14 April 1982) also known by his nom de guerre Gandhi (Ганди)[1] is a Russian activist, accused of violent acts and derailing during demonstrations and hence constantly receiving increased attention from the authority. He is the first person to spend one year in a penal colony solely for his activity.
Ildar Dadin | |
|---|---|
Ильдар Дадин | |
Dadin in 2017 | |
| Born | 14 April 1982 |
| Alma mater | National University of Science and Technology MISiS |
| Occupation(s) | Activist, dissident |
Activism and imprisonment edit
According to Amnesty International, Ildar Dadin is a "peaceful opposition activist". Dadin has attended rallies in support of the LGBT community (he is not LGBT himself) and opposition figurehead Alexei Navalny, has been seen holding a banner saying "Putin is an enemy of the people" at anti-government protests, and has also taken part in a pro-Maidan protest, the Peace March.
Dadin was arrested on 3 December 2015. He was sentenced to three years in jail by a Moscow court for repeated anti-government street protests.[2]
Between August 2014 and January 2015 Dadin was accused of taking part in four one-person pickets on 6 August, 23 August, 13 September and 5 December 2014. According to Russian law, individual protests do not need authorisation. The criminal case was triggered by his participation on 15 January 2015 in action supporting Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg in Moscow's Manezhnaya Square. Dadin was sentenced to 15 days jail for “disobeying the lawful demands of the police”.
Before addition Article 212.1 to Russia's Criminal Code in July 2014 Dadin could be sentenced to pay fine or a suspended prison term. But according to the new Article 212.1, if a court has issued two rulings on administrative offences within 180 days the law opens up a sentence of up to 5 years in a prison colony. This was the decision taken by the Basmanny Court in Moscow and which condemned Dadin to three years in prison. The prosecutor had asked for a shorter sentence of two years.[3]
The punishment was later reduced to 2.5 years. Dadin was not allowed to be in the court during the appeal case.[4]
He is the first person to be jailed using the law, which was introduced in 2014 and punishes repeated breaches of public assembly rules.[5]
Dadin was sent to the prison and labor camp of Segezha.[6] He claimed to catching mice in his prison cell, with 8 beds for the 11 inmates.[7]
Ildar Dadin is accusing the prison of using torture. He describes being hit and beaten by 10 to 12 prison employees at the same time, several times per day, for several days, and later having his head being forced down into a toilet.[8] Dadin also said that prison workers had hung him by his handcuffs for half an hour and pulled his underwear down, threatening him with rape if he refused to stop a hunger strike he had begun after being deprived of basic necessities such as soap and toilet paper.[9]
The prison has confirmed use of force.[10]
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov has said that the case merited "the closest attention" and that President Vladimir Putin would be informed.[11]
Russia's human rights ombudsman Ella Pamfilova has criticized the excessive severity of the punishment, promising to send a request to the Constitutional Court. The Presidential Human Rights Council has demanded the withdrawal of the article used to imprison Dadin from the Criminal Code.[12]
In 2017 the Supreme Court ordered that Dadin should be freed, and he was released from prison on 26 February.[13][14] The penial colony directorate has issued official apology to Dadin[15] and on 31 May 2017 the court has agreed to fulfill the lawsuit in favor of Dadin, paying him 2 million rubles (~ $35,000) for unlawful criminal prosecution.[16]
After release from prison edit
Ildar Dadin joined the Siberian Battalion of the Civic Council to fight for Siberian independence in June 2023.[1]
"Dadin's scheme" edit
Ildar Dadin was the first person who was convicted according to new scheme established by the Russian law which subsequently received his name.[17] The essence of this scheme is that some offence is punishable under the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, but second (third, fourth) one, committed during the term of conviction, is punishable under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
This scheme was first use in the article 212.1 which was included into the Criminal Code of Russia on 22 July 2014 when the Federal Law of 21 July 2014 No.258-FZ was officially published. According to the aforementioned article, repeated violation of the established procedure for organising or conducting a gathering, meeting, demonstration, procession, or picket entails criminal sanction. The feature of repetition is defined as a committing of the violations provided by the article 20.2 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses by a person who has already been prosecuted more than 2 times (i.e. 3 times minimum) for a committing the same violations during the period of 180 days.
The constitutionality of such scheme was the subject of Russian Constitutional Court's review. Its Ruling of 10 February No.2-P recognised that the provisions of the article 212.1 of the Criminal Code of Russia don't contradict the Constitution of Russia.[18] In Court's opinion, criminal "corpus delicti with administrative prejudice" doesn't violate the non bis in idem principle. In doing so, the Court pointed out that, firstly, only violation, at the time of committing of which guilty verdicts on administrative offences cases had already entered into force during the period of 180 days preceded it, can be used as a ground for persecution under the Criminal Code of Russia, secondly, only violation which by itself was not used as a ground for persecution under the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses can be used as a ground for persecution under the Criminal Code of Russia.
First condition mentioned by the Constitutional Court was not satisfied in the case of Dadin: at the moment of 5 December 2014 when he participated in procession which subsequently was used as a ground for his criminal persecution, only 1 judgement on administrative offence case had entered into force (judgement of 26 September 2014 which was not appealed); 2 other judgements (of 4 and 23 September 2014) entered into force only on 16 March 2015 when these judgements were upheld by the court of appeal. In this regard, the Presidency of the Supreme Court of Russia decided to review his case by its Ruling of 22 February 2017 No.43-P17.[19]
After Russian Constitutional Court's Ruling of 10 February No.2-P, many new articles using the "corpus delicti with administrative prejudice" scheme appeared in the text of Criminal Code of Russia. In doing so, the federal legislator sought to increase a term of conviction of administrative offences and to decrease a minimum number of committed administrative offences required for initiating a criminal prosecution. So, for example, Russian 2022 war censorship laws provide that first call against the use of Russian Armed Forces or the call for sanctions on Russia is punishable under the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, a second one, committed during the term of 1 year, is punishable under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.[20][21]
The "Dadin's scheme" is negatively perceived by lawyers because it allows to criminally persecute on the ground of judgements on administrative offences cases where facts are established under the significantly simplified procedure in comparison with procedure provided by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.[22]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b ""Я должен противостоять преступлениям России". Ильдар Дадин заявил, что решил уехать из РФ и воевать на стороне Украины". Настоящее Время (in Russian). 28 August 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Russian court sentences Ildar Dadin to 3 years under new anti-protest law", Human Rights in Ukraine, 8 December 2015
- ^ "The ‘forced’ marriage that highlights Russia's repressive new law", euronews, 24 December 2015
- ^ "Person of the Week: Ildar Dadin", Rights in Russia, 4 April 2016
- ^ "Russia: Peaceful activist sentenced under repressive new law must be released", Amnesty International, 7 December 2015
- ^ "Activist Ildar Dadin sent to Karelian penal colony", Amnesty International, 30 September 2016
- ^ "Ildar Dadin: When I get out, we will change the country for the better", The Russian Reader, 16 January 2016
- ^ "Schläge, Tritte, Kopf in die Toilette", Spiegel Online, 2 November 2016
- ^ "Amnesty: Jailed Russian activist was tortured", World Bulletin, 1 November 2016
- ^ "Russian Prison Confirms Use of Force Against Dissident", Moscow Times, 3 November 2016
- ^ "Russia activist Ildar Dadin accuses prison of torture", BBC, 3 November 2016
- ^ "Ildar Dadin: The first Russian imprisoned for attending a public rally", Russia Beyond The Headlines, 14 April 2016
- ^ "Верховный суд постановил освободить Ильдара Дадина". Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ "Верховный суд отменил приговор Ильдару Дадину". Коммерсантъ (in Russian). 22 February 2017.
- ^ . Фонтанка.ру. 14 April 2017. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ . Meduza. 31 May 2017. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ^ "Административная преюдиция в уголовном праве: казус Ильдара Дадина" [Administrative prejudice in criminal law: casus of Ildar Dadin]. Закон (2): 21–29. February 2017. ISSN 0869-4400.
- ^ Satanovskiy, Sergey (10 February 2017). "Дело Дадина пересмотрят, а статью 212.1 уточнят". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian).
- ^ Bukvareva, Aleksandra (22 February 2017). "Верховный суд отменил приговор Ильдару Дадину". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian).
- ^ "Россиян будут наказывать за призывы к санкциям и антивоенные лозунги". Vedomosti (in Russian). 3 March 2022. from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- ^ Nenaydenko, Aleksandr (21 February 2023). "Проблемы составов преступлений с административной преюдицией. О некоторых вопросах толкования и применения ст. 280.3 УК". Адвокатская газета (in Russian).
- ^ Korobka, Yekaterina (11 September 2019). "Административную преюдицию предлагают исключить из УПК". Адвокатская газета (in Russian).