The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE) is an international scientific collaboration attempting to improve estimates of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise and to publish data and analyses concerning these subjects. IMBIE was founded in 2011 and is a collaboration between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, and contributes to assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).[1] IMBIE has led to improved confidence in the measurement of ice sheet mass balance and the associated global sea-level contribution.[2][3][4] The improvements were achieved through combination of ice sheet imbalance estimates developed from the independent satellite techniques of altimetry, gravimetry and the input-output method. Going forwards, IMBIE provides a framework for assessing ice sheet mass balance, and has an explicit aim to widen participation to enable the entire scientific community to become involved.
The IMBIE project produced its first estimate of ice sheet mass balance in 2012 as a direct contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.[2] IMBIE 2012 included an international team of 47 scientists based in 26 separate institutions, and was co-led by Andrew Shepherd and Erik Ivins. Over the course of the 19-year survey (1992 – 2011), the average rates of mass balance of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets were estimated to be -71 ± 53 and -152 ± 49 Gt yr−1, respectively, and the total ice loss equated to a global rise in sea level of 11.1 ± 3.8 mm.[2] Examining the ice sheet regions individually showed that the Greenland, West Antarctic and Antarctic Peninsula ice sheets all lost mass between 1992 and 2011, whilst the East Antarctic ice sheet had undergone a slight snowfall-driven growth.[2] The Greenland ice sheet the largest mass and accounted for about two-thirds of the combined ice sheet loss over the study period. In Antarctica, the largest mass losses have occurred in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. However, despite occupying just 4% of the total ice sheet area, the Antarctic Peninsula has accounted for around 25% of the Antarctic mass losses.[2]
IMBIE 2018 (Antarctica)edit
In 2018 the IMBIE project produced an updated assessment of ice loss in Antarctica, combining 24 satellite surveys produced by 84 scientists from 44 international organisations.[3] In this assessment, the IMBIE project reported that between 1992 and 2017 Antarctica lost 2720 ± 1390 billion tonnes of ice, equivalent to an increase in global sea levels by 7.6 ± 3.9 mm.[3] Prior to 2012, Antarctica lost ice at a steady rate of 76 billion tonnes per year – a 0.2 mm per year contribution to sea level rise. However, since then there has been a sharp, threefold increase - between 2012 and 2017 Antarctica lost 219 billion tonnes of ice per year, a 0.6 mm per year sea level contribution.[3] Almost all of the ice lost from Antarctica has been triggered by warming oceans melting their outlet glaciers, which causes them to speed up.[3] Comparison to sea level rise projections provided in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[5] revealed that Antarctic ice losses are tracking the worst-case climate warming scenarios, which could result in an extra 10 cm of sea level rise by 2100.[6]
IMBIE 2020 (Greenland)edit
In 2020 the IMBIE project produced an updated assessment of ice loss in Greenland, combining 26 satellite surveys produced by 96 scientists from 50 international organisations.[4] The findings show that Greenland has lost 3902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice since 1992 – enough to push global sea levels up by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres.[4] The rate of ice loss has risen from 34 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 234 billion tonnes per year in the last decade – a seven-fold increase within three decades.[4] The team also used regional climate models to show that half of the ice losses were due to surface melting as air temperatures have risen. The other half has been due to increased glacier flow, triggered by rising ocean temperatures. Ice losses peaked at 345 billion tonnes per year in 2011 – ten times the rate of the 1990s - during a period of intense surface melting. Although the rate of ice loss dropped to an average 206 billion tonnes per year since then, this remains seven times higher than ice losses in the 1990s and does not include all of 2019, which could set a new high due to widespread summer melting.[7] Comparison to sea level rise projections provided in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[5] revealed that Greenland ice losses are also tracking the worst-case climate warming scenarios, which could result in an extra 7 cm of sea level rise by 2100.[4]
Combining both ice sheets, the rate of ice loss has risen by a factor six in just three decades, up from 81 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 475 billion tonnes per year in the 2010s.[3][4] This means that the polar ice sheets are now responsible for a third of all sea level rise.[8]
^"Guest post: How the Greenland ice sheet fared in 2019". Carbon Brief. September 6, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
^Change, NASA Global Climate. "Sea Level | NASA Global Climate Change". Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
External linksedit
Web site: imbie.org
January 01, 1970
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The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter comparison Exercise IMBIE is an international scientific collaboration attempting to improve estimates of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise and to publish data and analyses concerning these subjects IMBIE was founded in 2011 and is a collaboration between the European Space Agency ESA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA of the United States and contributes to assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC 1 IMBIE has led to improved confidence in the measurement of ice sheet mass balance and the associated global sea level contribution 2 3 4 The improvements were achieved through combination of ice sheet imbalance estimates developed from the independent satellite techniques of altimetry gravimetry and the input output method Going forwards IMBIE provides a framework for assessing ice sheet mass balance and has an explicit aim to widen participation to enable the entire scientific community to become involved Contents 1 Results 1 1 IMBIE 2012 1 2 IMBIE 2018 Antarctica 1 3 IMBIE 2020 Greenland 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksResults editIMBIE 2012 edit The IMBIE project produced its first estimate of ice sheet mass balance in 2012 as a direct contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2 IMBIE 2012 included an international team of 47 scientists based in 26 separate institutions and was co led by Andrew Shepherd and Erik Ivins Over the course of the 19 year survey 1992 2011 the average rates of mass balance of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets were estimated to be 71 53 and 152 49 Gt yr 1 respectively and the total ice loss equated to a global rise in sea level of 11 1 3 8 mm 2 Examining the ice sheet regions individually showed that the Greenland West Antarctic and Antarctic Peninsula ice sheets all lost mass between 1992 and 2011 whilst the East Antarctic ice sheet had undergone a slight snowfall driven growth 2 The Greenland ice sheet the largest mass and accounted for about two thirds of the combined ice sheet loss over the study period In Antarctica the largest mass losses have occurred in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet However despite occupying just 4 of the total ice sheet area the Antarctic Peninsula has accounted for around 25 of the Antarctic mass losses 2 IMBIE 2018 Antarctica edit In 2018 the IMBIE project produced an updated assessment of ice loss in Antarctica combining 24 satellite surveys produced by 84 scientists from 44 international organisations 3 In this assessment the IMBIE project reported that between 1992 and 2017 Antarctica lost 2720 1390 billion tonnes of ice equivalent to an increase in global sea levels by 7 6 3 9 mm 3 Prior to 2012 Antarctica lost ice at a steady rate of 76 billion tonnes per year a 0 2 mm per year contribution to sea level rise However since then there has been a sharp threefold increase between 2012 and 2017 Antarctica lost 219 billion tonnes of ice per year a 0 6 mm per year sea level contribution 3 Almost all of the ice lost from Antarctica has been triggered by warming oceans melting their outlet glaciers which causes them to speed up 3 Comparison to sea level rise projections provided in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5 revealed that Antarctic ice losses are tracking the worst case climate warming scenarios which could result in an extra 10 cm of sea level rise by 2100 6 IMBIE 2020 Greenland edit In 2020 the IMBIE project produced an updated assessment of ice loss in Greenland combining 26 satellite surveys produced by 96 scientists from 50 international organisations 4 The findings show that Greenland has lost 3902 342 billion tonnes of ice since 1992 enough to push global sea levels up by 10 8 0 9 millimetres 4 The rate of ice loss has risen from 34 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 234 billion tonnes per year in the last decade a seven fold increase within three decades 4 The team also used regional climate models to show that half of the ice losses were due to surface melting as air temperatures have risen The other half has been due to increased glacier flow triggered by rising ocean temperatures Ice losses peaked at 345 billion tonnes per year in 2011 ten times the rate of the 1990s during a period of intense surface melting Although the rate of ice loss dropped to an average 206 billion tonnes per year since then this remains seven times higher than ice losses in the 1990s and does not include all of 2019 which could set a new high due to widespread summer melting 7 Comparison to sea level rise projections provided in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5 revealed that Greenland ice losses are also tracking the worst case climate warming scenarios which could result in an extra 7 cm of sea level rise by 2100 4 Combining both ice sheets the rate of ice loss has risen by a factor six in just three decades up from 81 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 475 billion tonnes per year in the 2010s 3 4 This means that the polar ice sheets are now responsible for a third of all sea level rise 8 See also editMarine ice sheet instabilityReferences edit imbie org Retrieved March 17 2020 a b c d e Shepherd A Ivins E R A G Barletta V R Bentley M J Bettadpur S Briggs K H Bromwich D H Forsberg R Galin N Horwath M November 30 2012 A Reconciled Estimate of Ice Sheet Mass Balance Science 338 6111 1183 1189 Bibcode 2012Sci 338 1183S doi 10 1126 science 1228102 hdl 2060 20140006608 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 23197528 S2CID 32653236 a b c d e f Shepherd Andrew Ivins Erik Rignot Eric Smith Ben van den Broeke Michiel Velicogna Isabella Whitehouse Pippa Briggs Kate Joughin Ian Krinner Gerhard Nowicki Sophie June 2018 Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017 Nature 558 7709 219 222 Bibcode 2018Natur 558 219I doi 10 1038 s41586 018 0179 y hdl 2268 225208 ISSN 1476 4687 PMID 29899482 S2CID 49188002 Archived from the original on July 8 2018 Alt URL a b c d e f Shepherd Andrew Ivins Erik Rignot Eric Smith Ben van den Broeke Michiel Velicogna Isabella Whitehouse Pippa Briggs Kate Joughin Ian Krinner Gerhard Nowicki Sophie March 2020 Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 Nature 579 7798 233 239 doi 10 1038 s41586 019 1855 2 hdl 11585 771651 ISSN 1476 4687 PMID 31822019 S2CID 209316760 Archived from the original on March 27 2020 Alt URL a b Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ed 2014 Sea Level Change Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis Cambridge University Press pp 1137 1216 doi 10 1017 cbo9781107415324 026 ISBN 978 1 107 41532 4 retrieved March 17 2020 Slater Thomas Shepherd Andrew December 2018 Antarctic ice losses tracking high Nature Climate Change 8 12 1025 1026 Bibcode 2018NatCC 8 1025S doi 10 1038 s41558 018 0284 9 ISSN 1758 6798 S2CID 91480834 Guest post How the Greenland ice sheet fared in 2019 Carbon Brief September 6 2019 Retrieved March 17 2020 Change NASA Global Climate Sea Level NASA Global Climate Change Climate Change Vital Signs of the Planet Retrieved March 17 2020 External links editWeb site imbie wbr org nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter comparison Exercise amp oldid 1193970351, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
