Ian Fraser was born in Glasgow on 3 February 1911, the only child of Alexander Reid Fraser, a Glasgow fur merchant, and his wife Margaret Russell MacFarlane. He was educated at Sandroyd School, Repton School and later studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1932 with First Class Honours. He finished his studies at the University of Glasgow with a Bachelor of Laws in 1935. The following year he was admitted to the Scottish Faculty of Advocates, where he soon earned a reputation as an excellent jurist. At the same time he held a teaching post at the University of Glasgow and from 1948 at the University of Edinburgh. His 1936 work "Outline of Constitutional Law" (2nd edition 1948) was soon regarded as the standard work on British constitutional law.
During the war he served first as a sergeant in an anti-aircraft battery of the Territorial Army. Later he transferred to the Royal Artillery, was promoted to the rank of major and served in the theatre of war in Burma. In 1945 he was appointed Advocate Depute and eventually rose to be the Home Depute in the Crown Office. In 1953 he was appointed QC. In 1954 he served on the Scottish Law Reform Committee and from 1960 to 1962 on the Royal Commission on the Police. From 1959 to 1964 he served as Dean of the Faculty of Advocates. From 1964 to 1974, he was a Senator of the College of Justice and had the courtesy title of Lord Fraser. In 1974 he was appointed to the Privy Council, and on 13 January 1975 was created a life peer with the title Baron Fraser of Tullybelton, of Bankfoot in the County of Perth, and took the office of Lord of Appeal in Ordinary.[1]
Fraser was a very active member of the House of Lords and dealt primarily with issues of further development of the administration of justice. Even in his retirement, he was a chairman of the University Commission on the reform of higher education. He died on 17 February 1989 in a car crash on the M90 motorway between Perth and Edinburgh during a snow storm.
Awards and honours
Fraser was a member of the Royal Company of Archers. In 1975 he was appointed honorary chairman of the administrative committee of Gray's Inn, where he was an Honorary Bencher. In 1981 he was made an Honorary Fellow of Balliol College. He was awarded honorary doctorates (Legum Doctor) at the University of Glasgow in 1970 and at the University of Edinburgh in 1978.
Family
On 8 November 1943 Fraser married Mary Ursula Cynthia Gwendolen Macdonnell, daughter of Colonel Ian Harrison Macdonnell, with whom he had a son, Andrew.
For a group to constitute an ethnic group in the sense of the 1976 Act, it must, in my opinion, regard itself, and be regarded by others, as a distinct community by virtue of certain characteristics. Some of these characteristics are essential; others are not essential but one or more of them will commonly be found and will help to distinguish the group from the surrounding community. The conditions which appear to me to be essential are these: (1) a long shared history, of which the group is conscious as distinguishing it from other groups, and the memory of which it keeps alive; (2) a cultural tradition of its own, including family and social customs and manners, often but not necessarily associated with religious observance. In addition to those two essential characteristics the following characteristics are, in my opinion, relevant: (3) either a common geographical origin, or descent from a small number of common ancestors; (4) a common language, not necessarily peculiar to the group; (5) a common literature peculiar to the group; (6) a common religion different from that of neighbouring groups or from the general community surrounding it; (7) being a minority or being an oppressed or a dominant group within a larger community, for example a conquered people (say, the inhabitants of England shortly after the Norman conquest) and their conquerors might both be ethnic groups.
He went on to approve the test set out by Richardson, J. in the County Court, which held that Sikhs were a racial or ethnic group:
"... a group is identifiable in terms of its ethnic origins if it is a segment of the population distinguished from others by a sufficient combination of shared customs, beliefs, traditions and characteristics derived from a common or presumed common past, even if not drawn from what in biological terms is a common racial stock. It is that combination which gives them an historically determined social identity in their own eyes and in the eyes of those outside the group. They have a distinct social identity based not simply on group cohesion and solidarity but also on their belief as to their historical antecedents."
^equalrightstrust.org: "Mandla (Sewa Singh) and another v Dowell Lee and others [1983] 2 AC 548"
^hrcr.org: "Mandla and another v Dowell Lee and another - HOUSE OF LORDS" [1983] 2 AC 548, [1983] 1 All ER 1062, [1983] 2 WLR 620, [1983] IC R 385, [1983] IRLR 209, (46 MLR 759, 100 LQR 120, [1984] CLJ 219)
January 08, 2023
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For other people with the same name see Ian Fraser disambiguation For other people with the same name see Lord Fraser Walter Ian Reid Fraser Baron Fraser of Tullybelton PC 3 February 1911 17 February 1989 was a British judge Contents 1 Life and career 2 Awards and honours 3 Family 4 Judgments 5 Notes 6 ReferencesLife and career EditIan Fraser was born in Glasgow on 3 February 1911 the only child of Alexander Reid Fraser a Glasgow fur merchant and his wife Margaret Russell MacFarlane He was educated at Sandroyd School Repton School and later studied Philosophy Politics and Economics at Balliol College Oxford graduating in 1932 with First Class Honours He finished his studies at the University of Glasgow with a Bachelor of Laws in 1935 The following year he was admitted to the Scottish Faculty of Advocates where he soon earned a reputation as an excellent jurist At the same time he held a teaching post at the University of Glasgow and from 1948 at the University of Edinburgh His 1936 work Outline of Constitutional Law 2nd edition 1948 was soon regarded as the standard work on British constitutional law During the war he served first as a sergeant in an anti aircraft battery of the Territorial Army Later he transferred to the Royal Artillery was promoted to the rank of major and served in the theatre of war in Burma In 1945 he was appointed Advocate Depute and eventually rose to be the Home Depute in the Crown Office In 1953 he was appointed QC In 1954 he served on the Scottish Law Reform Committee and from 1960 to 1962 on the Royal Commission on the Police From 1959 to 1964 he served as Dean of the Faculty of Advocates From 1964 to 1974 he was a Senator of the College of Justice and had the courtesy title of Lord Fraser In 1974 he was appointed to the Privy Council and on 13 January 1975 was created a life peer with the title Baron Fraser of Tullybelton of Bankfoot in the County of Perth and took the office of Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1 Fraser was a very active member of the House of Lords and dealt primarily with issues of further development of the administration of justice Even in his retirement he was a chairman of the University Commission on the reform of higher education He died on 17 February 1989 in a car crash on the M90 motorway between Perth and Edinburgh during a snow storm Awards and honours EditFraser was a member of the Royal Company of Archers In 1975 he was appointed honorary chairman of the administrative committee of Gray s Inn where he was an Honorary Bencher In 1981 he was made an Honorary Fellow of Balliol College He was awarded honorary doctorates Legum Doctor at the University of Glasgow in 1970 and at the University of Edinburgh in 1978 Family EditOn 8 November 1943 Fraser married Mary Ursula Cynthia Gwendolen Macdonnell daughter of Colonel Ian Harrison Macdonnell with whom he had a son Andrew Judgments EditLord Fraser overturned along with Lord Edmund Davies Lord Roskill Lord Brandon and Lord Templeman the Mandla v Dowell Lee judgment by Lord Denning in the House of Lords 2 where he held the following with respect to the Race Relations Act 1976 3 For a group to constitute an ethnic group in the sense of the 1976 Act it must in my opinion regard itself and be regarded by others as a distinct community by virtue of certain characteristics Some of these characteristics are essential others are not essential but one or more of them will commonly be found and will help to distinguish the group from the surrounding community The conditions which appear to me to be essential are these 1 a long shared history of which the group is conscious as distinguishing it from other groups and the memory of which it keeps alive 2 a cultural tradition of its own including family and social customs and manners often but not necessarily associated with religious observance In addition to those two essential characteristics the following characteristics are in my opinion relevant 3 either a common geographical origin or descent from a small number of common ancestors 4 a common language not necessarily peculiar to the group 5 a common literature peculiar to the group 6 a common religion different from that of neighbouring groups or from the general community surrounding it 7 being a minority or being an oppressed or a dominant group within a larger community for example a conquered people say the inhabitants of England shortly after the Norman conquest and their conquerors might both be ethnic groups He went on to approve the test set out by Richardson J in the County Court which held that Sikhs were a racial or ethnic group a group is identifiable in terms of its ethnic origins if it is a segment of the population distinguished from others by a sufficient combination of shared customs beliefs traditions and characteristics derived from a common or presumed common past even if not drawn from what in biological terms is a common racial stock It is that combination which gives them an historically determined social identity in their own eyes and in the eyes of those outside the group They have a distinct social identity based not simply on group cohesion and solidarity but also on their belief as to their historical antecedents Notes EditLeigh Rayment s Peerage Pages self published source better source needed References Edit No 46466 The London Gazette 16 January 1975 p 633 equalrightstrust org Mandla Sewa Singh and another v Dowell Lee and others 1983 2 AC 548 hrcr org Mandla and another v Dowell Lee and another HOUSE OF LORDS 1983 2 AC 548 1983 1 All ER 1062 1983 2 WLR 620 1983 IC R 385 1983 IRLR 209 46 MLR 759 100 LQR 120 1984 CLJ 219 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ian Fraser Baron Fraser of Tullybelton amp oldid 1120887883, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
