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Jewish Community of Vienna

April 11, 2024

"IKG" redirects here. For the FAA LID code IKG, see Kleberg County Airport.

The Jewish Community of Vienna (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien or IKG) is the body that represents Vienna's Orthodox Jewish community. Today, the IKG has around 10 000 members. Throughout history, it has represented almost all of Austria's Jews, whose numbers are sufficient to form communities in only a few other cities in Austria.

The IKG's main building in the Seitenstettengasse
The main entrance

Organisation edit

The IKG provides its members with a range of services in social, religious, and educational affairs. It publishes an official newspaper (Die Gemeinde) twice monthly. The Contact point for Jewish victims of National-Socialist persecution in and from Austria supports and advises affected individuals and their families with regard to reparations and compensation. The current president of the IKG is Oskar Deutsch, who has been in office since 2012. Jaron Engelmayer [de] was appointed Chief Rabbi of Vienna in August 2020.

History edit

Main article: History of the Jews in Vienna

The history of Vienna's Jewish population dates back to the time of the Roman Empire[citation needed], but for a long time, Vienna's Jews were prevented from forming an organisation to represent themselves, as a result of legal and social discrimination. This situation first began to change with Emperor Joseph II's 1782 Edict of Tolerance.

The emancipation of Vienna's Jewish population began in 1848. In a speech held on 3 April 1849, the young emperor, Franz Joseph I, used the words "Israelite Community of Vienna" for the first time; three years later, a provisory constitution for the community was enacted, and 1852 is therefore considered the year in which Vienna's Kultusgemeinde was founded. The community's offices were established in the Stadttempel in the Seitenstettengasse.

Vienna's Jewish community had around 185,000 members at the time of Austria's "Anschluss" with the "Third Reich" in 1938. In that same year, the Nazis closed the IKG down. It was re-opened in May 1938 as the "Vienna Jewish Community", with the task of acting as a buffer organisation between the Nazis and Vienna's Jewish population. This body was also forced to organise the emigration, and later the deportation, of Vienna's Jews for the Central Office for Jewish Emigration. The title Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien has been in use again since 1945.

On 29 August 1981, a terrorist attack was made on the synagogue in the Seitenstettengasse, using hand grenades and firearms. Two people died, and another 21 were injured in the attack. The attack is attributed to the Palestinian extremist Abu Nidal Organisation. Since then, strict security has been in place at the entrance to the synagogue, while the Seitenstettengasse is guarded by the police.[1]

In January 2022 an international campaign was launched calling on IKG President Oskar Deutsch to intervene in the case of Beth Alexander who had been denied access to her twin sons[2] following a custody battle in the Austrian courts some years earlier.[3]

Presidents of the IKG since 1853 edit

  • Leopold Edler von Wertheimstein (1853−1863)
  • Josef Ritter von Wertheimer (1864−1867)
  • Jonas Freiherr von Königswarter (1868−1871)
  • Ignaz Kuranda (1872−1884)
  • Moritz Ritter von Borkenau (1884−1885)
  • Arminio Cohn (1886−1890)
  • Wilhelm Ritter von Gutmann (1891−1892)
  • 1893 − 1896 vacant
  • Gustav Simon (1896−1897)
  • Heinrich Klinger (1897−1903)
  • Alfred Stern (1904−1918)
  • Alois Pick (1920−1932, new elections, first use of proportional voting)
  • Desider Friedmann (murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp) (from 1933)
  • David Brill (1946−1948)
  • Kurt Heitler (September 1950 to May 1951)
  • David Shapira (1948−1952)
  • Emil Maurer (1952−1963)
  • Ernst Feldsberg (1963−1970)
  • Anton Pick (1970−1981)
  • Ivan Hacker (1982−1987)
  • Paul Grosz (1987−1998)
  • Ariel Muzicant (1998−2012)
  • Oskar Deutsch (since 2012)

Rabbis of the IKG since 1824 edit

Cantorates edit

Salman Klahr, until 1938, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Klahr

The IKG's archive edit

The IKG's archive is the only archive of a Jewish community known to have been maintained in its entirety from the founding of the community to the time after World War II, and is thus one of the most important archives in German-speaking Europe. It contains meeting minutes, decrees, protocols, reports, letters, emigration and finance documents, lists of deportees, indexes, books, photographs, plans, and posters which bear witness to the history of the IKG and its members. The oldest documents date from the 16th century. The archive has been in existence since 1816; it was increasingly professional from the middle of the 19th century.

The indexes and files that were produced between 1938 and 1945 were the basis for Nazi management of Jewish emigration and deportation. Today, these documents are a record of the fate of exiled and murdered Jews, and are used to aid survivors' claims for restitution and compensation.[4]

In 1995, archival evidence was discovered of the 1945 Deutsch Schützen massacre, which led to prosecution in 2009.[5]

References edit

  1. ^ hagalil.com | Der Terroranschlag auf eine Wiener Synagoge (in German)
  2. ^ Frazer, Jenni. "Campaign launched to support mother's bid to be reunited with twin sons". www.jewishnews.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
  3. ^ "MPS Call Austrian Courts 'Corrupt' and 'Kafkaesque' over Tug-Of-Love Case". 17 January 2014.
  4. ^ Backman, Marjorie (June 5, 2007). "Vienna cache is one of largest Holocaust archives". New York Times.
  5. ^ Rising, David (November 17, 2009). "90-year-old charged in Germany for Nazi-era crimes". USA Today.

Further reading edit

  • Doron Rabinovici, Eichmann’s Jews: The Jewish Administration of Holocaust Vienna, 1938-1945. Translated by Nick Somers. (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2011) ISBN 978-0-7456-4682-4
  • Felicitas Heimann-Jelinek, Lothar Hölbling und Ingo Zechner: Ordnung muss sein - Das Archiv der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Wien. Jüdisches Museum Wien, Wien 2007. ISBN 978-3-901398-45-2 (in German)

External links edit

  • Website der IKG Wien (in German); same official site: Jewish Community in Vienna (in English)
  • Anlaufstelle der IKG Wien für jüdische NS-Verfolgte in und aus Österreich (in German); same official site: IKG Department for Restitution Affairs (in English)
  • Ausstellung im Jüdischen Museum Wien (4. Juli 2007 - 21. Oktober 2007) (in German)

April 11, 2024
jewish, community, vienna, redirects, here, code, kleberg, county, airport, israelitische, kultusgemeinde, wien, body, that, represents, vienna, orthodox, jewish, community, today, around, members, throughout, history, represented, almost, austria, jews, whose. IKG redirects here For the FAA LID code IKG see Kleberg County Airport The Jewish Community of Vienna Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien or IKG is the body that represents Vienna s Orthodox Jewish community Today the IKG has around 10 000 members Throughout history it has represented almost all of Austria s Jews whose numbers are sufficient to form communities in only a few other cities in Austria The IKG s main building in the SeitenstettengasseThe main entrance Contents 1 Organisation 2 History 2 1 Presidents of the IKG since 1853 2 2 Rabbis of the IKG since 1824 2 3 Cantorates 3 The IKG s archive 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksOrganisation editThe IKG provides its members with a range of services in social religious and educational affairs It publishes an official newspaper Die Gemeinde twice monthly The Contact point for Jewish victims of National Socialist persecution in and from Austria supports and advises affected individuals and their families with regard to reparations and compensation The current president of the IKG is Oskar Deutsch who has been in office since 2012 Jaron Engelmayer de was appointed Chief Rabbi of Vienna in August 2020 History editMain article History of the Jews in Vienna The history of Vienna s Jewish population dates back to the time of the Roman Empire citation needed but for a long time Vienna s Jews were prevented from forming an organisation to represent themselves as a result of legal and social discrimination This situation first began to change with Emperor Joseph II s 1782 Edict of Tolerance The emancipation of Vienna s Jewish population began in 1848 In a speech held on 3 April 1849 the young emperor Franz Joseph I used the words Israelite Community of Vienna for the first time three years later a provisory constitution for the community was enacted and 1852 is therefore considered the year in which Vienna s Kultusgemeinde was founded The community s offices were established in the Stadttempel in the Seitenstettengasse Vienna s Jewish community had around 185 000 members at the time of Austria s Anschluss with the Third Reich in 1938 In that same year the Nazis closed the IKG down It was re opened in May 1938 as the Vienna Jewish Community with the task of acting as a buffer organisation between the Nazis and Vienna s Jewish population This body was also forced to organise the emigration and later the deportation of Vienna s Jews for the Central Office for Jewish Emigration The title Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien has been in use again since 1945 On 29 August 1981 a terrorist attack was made on the synagogue in the Seitenstettengasse using hand grenades and firearms Two people died and another 21 were injured in the attack The attack is attributed to the Palestinian extremist Abu Nidal Organisation Since then strict security has been in place at the entrance to the synagogue while the Seitenstettengasse is guarded by the police 1 In January 2022 an international campaign was launched calling on IKG President Oskar Deutsch to intervene in the case of Beth Alexander who had been denied access to her twin sons 2 following a custody battle in the Austrian courts some years earlier 3 Presidents of the IKG since 1853 edit Leopold Edler von Wertheimstein 1853 1863 Josef Ritter von Wertheimer 1864 1867 Jonas Freiherr von Konigswarter 1868 1871 Ignaz Kuranda 1872 1884 Moritz Ritter von Borkenau 1884 1885 Arminio Cohn 1886 1890 Wilhelm Ritter von Gutmann 1891 1892 1893 1896 vacant Gustav Simon 1896 1897 Heinrich Klinger 1897 1903 Alfred Stern 1904 1918 Alois Pick 1920 1932 new elections first use of proportional voting Desider Friedmann murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp from 1933 David Brill 1946 1948 Kurt Heitler September 1950 to May 1951 David Shapira 1948 1952 Emil Maurer 1952 1963 Ernst Feldsberg 1963 1970 Anton Pick 1970 1981 Ivan Hacker 1982 1987 Paul Grosz 1987 1998 Ariel Muzicant 1998 2012 Oskar Deutsch since 2012 Rabbis of the IKG since 1824 edit Isaak Noah Mannheimer 1824 1865 Adolf Jellinek 1865 1893 Moritz Gudemann 1894 1918 Zwi Perez Chajes 1918 1927 David Feuchtwang Chief Rabbi 1933 1936 Israel Taglicht interim Chief Rabbi 1936 Isidor Ohler Preacher in the Stadttempel 1946 Akiba Eisenberg Chief Rabbi 1948 1983 Paul Chaim Eisenberg de Chief Rabbi 1983 2016 Arie Folger de Chief Rabbi designated Cantorates edit Shmuel Barzilai Chief CantorSalman Klahr until 1938 https en wikipedia org wiki Alfred KlahrThe IKG s archive editThe IKG s archive is the only archive of a Jewish community known to have been maintained in its entirety from the founding of the community to the time after World War II and is thus one of the most important archives in German speaking Europe It contains meeting minutes decrees protocols reports letters emigration and finance documents lists of deportees indexes books photographs plans and posters which bear witness to the history of the IKG and its members The oldest documents date from the 16th century The archive has been in existence since 1816 it was increasingly professional from the middle of the 19th century The indexes and files that were produced between 1938 and 1945 were the basis for Nazi management of Jewish emigration and deportation Today these documents are a record of the fate of exiled and murdered Jews and are used to aid survivors claims for restitution and compensation 4 In 1995 archival evidence was discovered of the 1945 Deutsch Schutzen massacre which led to prosecution in 2009 5 References edit hagalil com Der Terroranschlag auf eine Wiener Synagoge in German Frazer Jenni Campaign launched to support mother s bid to be reunited with twin sons www jewishnews co uk Retrieved 2022 02 03 MPS Call Austrian Courts Corrupt and Kafkaesque over Tug Of Love Case 17 January 2014 Backman Marjorie June 5 2007 Vienna cache is one of largest Holocaust archives New York Times Rising David November 17 2009 90 year old charged in Germany for Nazi era crimes USA Today Further reading editDoron Rabinovici Eichmann s Jews The Jewish Administration of Holocaust Vienna 1938 1945 Translated by Nick Somers Cambridge UK Polity Press 2011 ISBN 978 0 7456 4682 4 Felicitas Heimann Jelinek Lothar Holbling und Ingo Zechner Ordnung muss sein Das Archiv der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Wien Judisches Museum Wien Wien 2007 ISBN 978 3 901398 45 2 in German External links editWebsite der IKG Wien in German same official site Jewish Community in Vienna in English Anlaufstelle der IKG Wien fur judische NS Verfolgte in und aus Osterreich in German same official site IKG Department for Restitution Affairs in English Ordnung muss sein Das Archiv der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Wien Ausstellung im Judischen Museum Wien 4 Juli 2007 21 Oktober 2007 in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jewish Community of Vienna amp oldid 1190701481, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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