The IBM 608 Transistor Calculator, a plugboard-programmable unit, was the first IBM product to use transistor circuits without any vacuum tubes and is believed to be the world's first all-transistorized calculator to be manufactured for the commercial market.[1][2]: 34 Announced in April 1955,[3][4] it was released in December 1957. The 608 was withdrawn from marketing in April 1959.[3]
The chief designer of the circuits used in the IBM 608 was Robert A. Henle, who later oversaw the development of emitter-coupled logic (ECL) class of circuits.[2]: 59 The development of the 608 was preceded by the prototyping of an experimental all-transistor version of the 604. Although this was built and demonstrated in October 1954, it was not commercialized.[2]: 50
To spur the adoption of transistor technology, shortly before the first IBM 608 shipped, Tom Watson directed that a date be set after which no new vacuum-tube-based products would be released.[5] This decision constrained IBM product managers, who otherwise had the latitude to select components for their products, to make the move to transistors. As a result, the successor to the IBM 650 used transistors, and it became the IBM 7070—the company's first transistorized stored-program computer.[2]: 50
It was similar in nature of operation to the vacuum-tube IBM 604, which had been introduced a decade earlier.[2]: 34 Although the 608 outpaced its immediate predecessor, the IBM 607 by a factor of 2.5,[3] it was soon rendered obsolete by newer IBM products and only a few dozen were ever delivered.[2]: 48 [6]
Overview
The 608 contained more than 3,000 germaniumtransistors.[2]: 50 The use of transistors was a significant departure from the previous IBM calculators of this line. The 608's transistors made possible a 50 percent reduction in physical size and a 90 percent reduction in power requirements over comparable vacuum tube models.[7] The 608 also used magnetic core memory, but was still programmed using a control panel.[8] The main memory of the 608 could store 40 nine-digit numbers, and it had an 18-digit accumulator.[8] In raw speed terms, it could perform 4,500 additions per second, it could multiply two nine-digit numbers, yielding an 18-digit result in 11 milliseconds, and it could divide an 18-digit number by a nine-digit number to produce the nine-digit quotient in 13 milliseconds.[3] The 608 could handle 80 program steps.[8]
The 608 was supplied with a type 535 card reader/punch which had its own control plugboard.
^"IBM Archives: IBM 608 calculator". www.ibm.com. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
^ abcFrank da Cruz, The IBM 608 Calculator, Columbia University Computing History
External links
IBM Archives: IBM 608 calculator
January 07, 2023
transistor, calculator, plugboard, programmable, unit, first, product, transistor, circuits, without, vacuum, tubes, believed, world, first, transistorized, calculator, manufactured, commercial, market, announced, april, 1955, released, december, 1957, withdra. The IBM 608 Transistor Calculator a plugboard programmable unit was the first IBM product to use transistor circuits without any vacuum tubes and is believed to be the world s first all transistorized calculator to be manufactured for the commercial market 1 2 34 Announced in April 1955 3 4 it was released in December 1957 The 608 was withdrawn from marketing in April 1959 3 Contents 1 History 2 Overview 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditThe chief designer of the circuits used in the IBM 608 was Robert A Henle who later oversaw the development of emitter coupled logic ECL class of circuits 2 59 The development of the 608 was preceded by the prototyping of an experimental all transistor version of the 604 Although this was built and demonstrated in October 1954 it was not commercialized 2 50 To spur the adoption of transistor technology shortly before the first IBM 608 shipped Tom Watson directed that a date be set after which no new vacuum tube based products would be released 5 This decision constrained IBM product managers who otherwise had the latitude to select components for their products to make the move to transistors As a result the successor to the IBM 650 used transistors and it became the IBM 7070 the company s first transistorized stored program computer 2 50 It was similar in nature of operation to the vacuum tube IBM 604 which had been introduced a decade earlier 2 34 Although the 608 outpaced its immediate predecessor the IBM 607 by a factor of 2 5 3 it was soon rendered obsolete by newer IBM products and only a few dozen were ever delivered 2 48 6 Overview EditThe 608 contained more than 3 000 germanium transistors 2 50 The use of transistors was a significant departure from the previous IBM calculators of this line The 608 s transistors made possible a 50 percent reduction in physical size and a 90 percent reduction in power requirements over comparable vacuum tube models 7 The 608 also used magnetic core memory but was still programmed using a control panel 8 The main memory of the 608 could store 40 nine digit numbers and it had an 18 digit accumulator 8 In raw speed terms it could perform 4 500 additions per second it could multiply two nine digit numbers yielding an 18 digit result in 11 milliseconds and it could divide an 18 digit number by a nine digit number to produce the nine digit quotient in 13 milliseconds 3 The 608 could handle 80 program steps 8 The 608 was supplied with a type 535 card reader punch which had its own control plugboard See also EditUnit record equipment History of IBMReferences EditIBM Transistor Calculator Type 608 Manual of Operation Preliminary Edition Bashe Charles J et al 1986 IBM s Early Computers MIT p 386 a b c d e f g Pugh Emerson W Johnson Lyle R Palmer John H 1991 IBM s 360 and early 370 systems MIT Press ISBN 0 262 16123 0 a b c d IBM Archives IBM 608 calculator Weik Martin H 1955 A survey of domestic electronic digital computing systems Aberdeen Proving Ground Md pp 61 62 hdl 2027 wu 89037555299 Bashe 1986 p 387 Bashe 1986 p 464 IBM Archives IBM 608 calculator www ibm com 2003 01 23 Retrieved 2020 09 29 a b c Frank da Cruz The IBM 608 Calculator Columbia University Computing HistoryExternal links EditIBM Archives IBM 608 calculator Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title IBM 608 amp oldid 1090796769, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
