Vertical position or vertical location is a position along a vertical direction (the plumb line direction) above or below a given vertical datum (a reference level surface, such as mean sea level). Vertical distance or vertical separation is the distance between two vertical positions. Many vertical coordinates exist for expressing vertical position: depth, height, altitude, elevation, etc. Points lying on an equigeopotential surface are said to be on the same vertical level, as in a water level.
Another non-SI unit is the vertical metre, introduced when there may be confusion between vertical, horizontal, or slant distances. It is used for distance climbed during sports such as mountaineering, skiing, hiking, running or cycling[6] In German-speaking countries the abbreviation 'Hm' for Höhenmeter ("height metre") is used; if it is preceded by a '±' it refers to the cumulative elevation gain.
Measurementedit
Various instruments and techniques may be used for measuring vertical position:
^The Guide for the Use of the International System of Units, section 7.5 (Unacceptability of mixing information with units), states:[5]
When one gives the value of a quantity, any information concerning the quantity or its conditions of measurement must be presented in such a way as not to be associated with the unit.
Referencesedit
^ abcd"ISO 6709:2008(en) preview". www.iso.org. ISO. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
^World Meteorological Organization - Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation - Preliminary seventh edition - WMO-No. 8 - Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization – Geneva – Switzerland - 2006
^Bjerknes, V. (1910). Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography: Part [1]-2, [and atlas of plates]. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Carnegie Institution of Washington. p. 13. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
^Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (2018-11-10). "Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)". NIST. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
^Nash, Mike, Exploring Prince George: A Guide to North Central B. C. Outdoors, Vancouver: Rocky Mountain Books, 2004, p. 105.
Further readingedit
IOGP (2018) Geomatics Guidance Note 24: Vertical data in oil and gas applications, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP), Geomatics Committee, Geodesy Subcommittee. Report 373–24, April 2018. [1]
External linksedit
Media related to Vertical position at Wikimedia Commons
May 05, 2024
vertical, position, supply, chain, concept, vertical, integration, vertical, location, position, along, vertical, direction, plumb, line, direction, above, below, given, vertical, datum, reference, level, surface, such, mean, level, vertical, distance, vertica. For the supply chain concept see Vertical integration Vertical position or vertical location is a position along a vertical direction the plumb line direction above or below a given vertical datum a reference level surface such as mean sea level Vertical distance or vertical separation is the distance between two vertical positions Many vertical coordinates exist for expressing vertical position depth height altitude elevation etc Points lying on an equigeopotential surface are said to be on the same vertical level as in a water level Contents 1 Definitions 1 1 Derived quantities 2 Units 3 Measurement 4 Phenomena 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksDefinitions editThe International Organization for Standardization ISO more specifically ISO 19111 offers the following two definitions 1 depth distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured downward along a line perpendicular to that surface 1 height distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured upward along a line perpendicular to that surface 1 ISO 6709 2008 version makes the following additional definition altitude height where the chosen reference surface is mean sea level 1 The International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO offers similar definitions 2 altitude the vertical distance of a level a point or an object considered as a point measured from the mean sea level MSL 2 height the vertical distance of a level a point or an object considered as a point measured from a specific datum 2 ICAO further defines elevation the vertical distance of a point or a level on or affixed to the surface of the earth measured from mean sea level 2 I e elevation would be the altitude of the ground or a building Derived quantities edit Several physical quantities may be defined based on the definitions above Depth below seafloor Depth in a well Drying height Dynamic height Ellipsoidal height Geocentric altitude Geopotential Heights in geodesy Height above mean sea level Height above average terrain Height above ground level Measured depth Normal height Orthometric height Thickness geology True vertical depthUnits editVertical distance quantities such as orthometric height may be expressed in various units metres feet etc Certain vertical coordinates are not based on length for example geopotential numbers have units of m2 s2 Normalization by a constant nominal gravity value units of m s2 yields units of metre as in geopotential height based on standard gravity or dynamic height based on normal gravity at 45 degrees latitude Despite the physical dimension and unit of length the vertical coordinate does not represent distance in physical space as would be measured with a ruler or tape measure Sometimes a geopotential metre symbol gpm or m or dynamic metre is introduced for emphasis 3 4 However this practice is not acceptable with the International System of Units SI a Another non SI unit is the vertical metre introduced when there may be confusion between vertical horizontal or slant distances It is used for distance climbed during sports such as mountaineering skiing hiking running or cycling 6 In German speaking countries the abbreviation Hm for Hohenmeter height metre is used if it is preceded by a it refers to the cumulative elevation gain Measurement editVarious instruments and techniques may be used for measuring vertical position Altimeter Bathymetry Benchmark surveying Depth gauge Depth sounding Hypsometer Topography Tide gauge Water level device Phenomena editMany physical phenomena are related to vertical position as driven by gravity Hydraulic head Stage hydrology Isostasy Mean sea level Geoid Sea surface height Temperature lapse rate Terrain Digital terrain model Topographic prominence Vertical displacement Post glacial rebound Subsidence Tectonic uplift Vertical pressure variationSee also editChart datum Geodesy Heights Geographic coordinates Horizontal position Hypsometry Physical geodesy Vertical and horizontal Vertical separation aviation Water levelNotes edit The Guide for the Use of the International System of Units section 7 5 Unacceptability of mixing information with units states 5 When one gives the value of a quantity any information concerning the quantity or its conditions of measurement must be presented in such a way as not to be associated with the unit References edit a b c d ISO 6709 2008 en preview www iso org ISO Retrieved 8 June 2016 a b c d United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts Chapter 1 Definitions Applicability and Availability PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2016 09 17 Note Annex 4 is one of the currently 19 annexes to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation ICAO Doc 7300 World Meteorological Organization Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation Preliminary seventh edition WMO No 8 Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization Geneva Switzerland 2006 Bjerknes V 1910 Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography Part 1 2 and atlas of plates Carnegie Institution of Washington publication Carnegie Institution of Washington p 13 Retrieved 2023 10 05 Thompson Ambler Taylor Barry N 2018 11 10 Guide for the Use of the International System of Units SI NIST Retrieved 2020 12 09 Nash Mike Exploring Prince George A Guide to North Central B C Outdoors Vancouver Rocky Mountain Books 2004 p 105 Further reading editIOGP 2018 Geomatics Guidance Note 24 Vertical data in oil and gas applications International Association of Oil amp Gas Producers IOGP Geomatics Committee Geodesy Subcommittee Report 373 24 April 2018 1 External links edit nbsp Media related to Vertical position at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vertical position amp oldid 1217579577 Units, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
