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Hypersonic glide vehicle

January 01, 1970

A hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) is a type of warhead for ballistic missiles that can maneuver and glide at hypersonic speed. It is used in conjunction with ballistic missiles to significantly change their trajectories after launch. The concept of HGVs is similar to MaRVs, but HGVs are separated from their rocket boosters shortly after launch as opposed to MaRVs which can only maneuver just before the impact.[1] Conventional ballistic missiles follow a predictable ballistic trajectory and are vulnerable to interception by the latest anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems. The in-flight maneuverability of HGVs makes them unpredictable, allowing them to effectively evade air defenses.[2][3][4] As of 2022, hypersonic glide vehicles are the subject of an arms race.[5]

Chinese DF-ZF hypersonic glide vehicle mounted on the DF-17 ballistic missile.

Projects edit

  China

  • DF-ZF (developed and deployed) / Mach 5–10[6]

  France

  • VERAS (program launched in 1965 and cancelled in 1971)
  • VMaX (first flight test took place on June 26, 2023 from the DGA's site in Biscarrosse and was successful)[7][8][9][10][11]
  • VMaX-2 (under development; first flight test expected in 2024 or 2025)[12]

  India

  Iran


  Japan

  North Korea

  • Hwasong-16b[17][18](Tested in April 2024) There have also been reports of other hypersonic glide vehicle being mounted on the other ballistic missiles.[19][20][21]

  Russia

  United States

Countermeasures edit

Boost-glide weapons are generally designed to avoid existing missile defense systems, either by continually maneuvering or by flying at lower altitudes to reduce warning time. This generally makes such weapons easier to intercept using defensive systems intended for lower-altitude "low-tier" targets. Flying at lower speeds than short-range ballistic missile warheads makes them easier to attack.[24] Those that approach with very low terminal attack profiles are even subject to attack by modern hypervelocity guns and railguns.[25]

Russian sources claim that its Avangard HGV travels at Mach 27 and "constantly changes its course and altitude while it flies through the atmosphere, chaotically zigzagging on its path to its target, making it impossible to predict the weapon's location", thus making it supposedly "invulnerable to interception".[23] However these claims are problematic as hypersonic glide vehicles suffer from several known issues. Due to their speed, an envelope of ionized gas forms around the glide vehicle in atmosphere, making base-to-vehicle communication impossible. This cloud of ionized gas is easy for satellites to detect and track. Furthermore, the heat generated at those velocities renders external sensors inoperable and necessitates the detachment of HGVs from their carrier ballistic missiles at the upper limits of the atmosphere to avoid their burning up.

Hypersonics, like the Avangard HGV, generally use scramjet engines to achieve hypersonic speeds. Scramjet engines function only when the glide vehicle reaches mach 4.5. These engines are disengaged as the HGV enters the terminal phase of its flight. Failure to deactivate the engines would cause a catastrophic build up of heat in the vehicle as the atmosphere becomes denser during reentry, prematurely destroying the vehicle. Therefore, the terminal phase of an HGV's re-entry is similar to that of a multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle. For instance, the Avangard would not hit its target while "zig-zagging" at Mach 27, but rather would impact at a velocity under Mach 4 and on a linear trajectory.[citation needed] The superior evasion capabilities that HGVs employ are largely limited to the upper atmospheric flight span.[26][27][28]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Hypersonic missiles, evolution or revolution", Naval news, November 2021
  2. ^ Zastrow, Mark (4 November 2021). "How does China's hypersonic glide vehicle work?". Astronomy.com. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  3. ^ "U.S. vs. China: The Race to Build Hypersonic Missiles", WSJ, retrieved 17 November 2022 – via Google You tube
  4. ^ "From Sänger to Avangard – hypersonic weapons come of age". Royal Aeronautical Society. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  5. ^ "'National pride is at stake.' Russia, China, United States race to build hypersonic weapons". Science.org. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  6. ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan (28 April 2016). "China Tests New Weapon Capable of Breaching US Missile Defense Systems". The Diplomat. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  7. ^ "France debuts hypersonic glide weapon in first VMaX test flight". Air force tech. 28 June 2023.
  8. ^ "France Conducts First VMaX Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Test". Naval news. 27 June 2023.
  9. ^ "France conducts first test firing of V-MAX hypersonic glider demonstrator". Aero time. 27 June 2023.
  10. ^ "La France a testé le planeur hypersonique VMAX d'Ariane Group". Ouest France (in French). 27 June 2023.
  11. ^ "Armées : la France a testé pour la première fois un planeur hypervéloce, capable de voler à plus de Mach 5". Le figaro (in French). 27 June 2023.
  12. ^ "Le ministère des Armées va financer un second démonstrateur de planeur hypersonique, le VMaX-2". Opex 360 (in French). 4 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Is India developing a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle?". Ajay Lele. IDSA. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Iran unveils 'Fattah 2' hypersonic missile". en.irna.ir. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  15. ^ Tiwari, Sakshi (20 November 2023). "4th Country With Hypersonic Tech, Expert Calls Iran's Fattah-2 As Uninterceptable Cruise Missile Ideal For Preemptive Strikes". Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News. Retrieved 4 March 2024. According to Iranian official media, Fattah-2 is a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV). Compared to a ballistic warhead that travels in a more foreseeable arc, an HGV offers significantly greater mobility as it glides to its target after initial launch.
  16. ^ "Japan unveils its hypersonic weapons plans". Yahoo.
  17. ^ "North Korea claimed on the 3rd that it had successfully test-fired a new mid- to long-range solid fu.. - MK". 매일경제. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  18. ^ Zwirko, Colin (2 April 2024). "North Korea says Kim Jong Un led test of new 'Hwasong-16B' hypersonic missile | NK News". NK News - North Korea News. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Does North Korea have a real Hypersonic Glide Vehicle (HGV)". www.b14643.de. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Hwasong 8 Ballistic Missile with a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle | MilitaryToday.com". www.militarytoday.com. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  21. ^ Lendon, Yoonjung Seo,Brad (10 January 2022). "Suspected North Korea missile test hit speed of Mach 10, more advanced than previous test, Seoul says". CNN. Retrieved 3 April 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "Avangard", Missile Threat, CSIS.
  23. ^ a b "Борисов: испытания комплекса "Авангард" доказали его способность разгоняться до 27 Махов" (in Russian). TASS. 27 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  24. ^ "Introducing The Ballistic Missile Defense Ship". Aviation Week. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2019. The downside is when the [HGV] warhead nears its target, it has less speed and altitude and is therefore more easily intercepted by low-tier interceptors, including potential rail guns.
  25. ^ Tadjdeh, Yasmin (26 January 2018). "Secretive Pentagon Office Shares Details About Hypervelocity Missile Defense Weapon". National Defense.
  26. ^ Kunertova, Dominika. "Hypersonic Weapons: Fast, Furious… and Futile?". RUSI. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  27. ^ Brockmann, Kolja. "A matter of speed? Understanding hypersonic missile systems". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. SIPRI. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  28. ^ Wright, David. "The Physics and Hype of Hypersonic Weapons". The Scientific American. Retrieved 3 January 2023.

January 01, 1970
hypersonic, glide, vehicle, hypersonic, glide, vehicle, type, warhead, ballistic, missiles, that, maneuver, glide, hypersonic, speed, used, conjunction, with, ballistic, missiles, significantly, change, their, trajectories, after, launch, concept, hgvs, simila. A hypersonic glide vehicle HGV is a type of warhead for ballistic missiles that can maneuver and glide at hypersonic speed It is used in conjunction with ballistic missiles to significantly change their trajectories after launch The concept of HGVs is similar to MaRVs but HGVs are separated from their rocket boosters shortly after launch as opposed to MaRVs which can only maneuver just before the impact 1 Conventional ballistic missiles follow a predictable ballistic trajectory and are vulnerable to interception by the latest anti ballistic missile ABM systems The in flight maneuverability of HGVs makes them unpredictable allowing them to effectively evade air defenses 2 3 4 As of 2022 update hypersonic glide vehicles are the subject of an arms race 5 Chinese DF ZF hypersonic glide vehicle mounted on the DF 17 ballistic missile Contents 1 Projects 2 Countermeasures 3 See also 4 ReferencesProjects edit nbsp China DF ZF developed and deployed Mach 5 10 6 nbsp France VERAS program launched in 1965 and cancelled in 1971 VMaX first flight test took place on June 26 2023 from the DGA s site in Biscarrosse and was successful 7 8 9 10 11 VMaX 2 under development first flight test expected in 2024 or 2025 12 nbsp India HGV 202F under development 13 nbsp Iran Fattah 2 Mach 13 15 14 15 nbsp Japan Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile HVGP under development 16 nbsp North Korea Hwasong 16b 17 18 Tested in April 2024 There have also been reports of other hypersonic glide vehicle being mounted on the other ballistic missiles 19 20 21 nbsp Russia The Avangard developed and deployed Mach 27 28 22 23 nbsp United States Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 experimental AGM 183 Air launched Rapid Response Weapon ARRW under development OpFires under development Common Hypersonic Glide Body C HGB in development for US Army LRHW and US Navy Conventional Prompt Strike CPS Countermeasures editBoost glide weapons are generally designed to avoid existing missile defense systems either by continually maneuvering or by flying at lower altitudes to reduce warning time This generally makes such weapons easier to intercept using defensive systems intended for lower altitude low tier targets Flying at lower speeds than short range ballistic missile warheads makes them easier to attack 24 Those that approach with very low terminal attack profiles are even subject to attack by modern hypervelocity guns and railguns 25 Russian sources claim that its Avangard HGV travels at Mach 27 and constantly changes its course and altitude while it flies through the atmosphere chaotically zigzagging on its path to its target making it impossible to predict the weapon s location thus making it supposedly invulnerable to interception 23 However these claims are problematic as hypersonic glide vehicles suffer from several known issues Due to their speed an envelope of ionized gas forms around the glide vehicle in atmosphere making base to vehicle communication impossible This cloud of ionized gas is easy for satellites to detect and track Furthermore the heat generated at those velocities renders external sensors inoperable and necessitates the detachment of HGVs from their carrier ballistic missiles at the upper limits of the atmosphere to avoid their burning up Hypersonics like the Avangard HGV generally use scramjet engines to achieve hypersonic speeds Scramjet engines function only when the glide vehicle reaches mach 4 5 These engines are disengaged as the HGV enters the terminal phase of its flight Failure to deactivate the engines would cause a catastrophic build up of heat in the vehicle as the atmosphere becomes denser during reentry prematurely destroying the vehicle Therefore the terminal phase of an HGV s re entry is similar to that of a multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle For instance the Avangard would not hit its target while zig zagging at Mach 27 but rather would impact at a velocity under Mach 4 and on a linear trajectory citation needed The superior evasion capabilities that HGVs employ are largely limited to the upper atmospheric flight span 26 27 28 See also editHypersonic flight Hypersonic weapon Maneuverable reentry vehicle Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle Non ballistic atmospheric entryReferences edit Hypersonic missiles evolution or revolution Naval news November 2021 Zastrow Mark 4 November 2021 How does China s hypersonic glide vehicle work Astronomy com Retrieved 17 November 2022 U S vs China The Race to Build Hypersonic Missiles WSJ retrieved 17 November 2022 via Google You tube From Sanger to Avangard hypersonic weapons come of age Royal Aeronautical Society Retrieved 14 November 2022 National pride is at stake Russia China United States race to build hypersonic weapons Science org Retrieved 14 November 2022 Gady Franz Stefan 28 April 2016 China Tests New Weapon Capable of Breaching US Missile Defense Systems The Diplomat Retrieved 14 December 2018 France debuts hypersonic glide weapon in first VMaX test flight Air force tech 28 June 2023 France Conducts First VMaX Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Test Naval news 27 June 2023 France conducts first test firing of V MAX hypersonic glider demonstrator Aero time 27 June 2023 La France a teste le planeur hypersonique VMAX d Ariane Group Ouest France in French 27 June 2023 Armees la France a teste pour la premiere fois un planeur hyperveloce capable de voler a plus de Mach 5 Le figaro in French 27 June 2023 Le ministere des Armees va financer un second demonstrateur de planeur hypersonique le VMaX 2 Opex 360 in French 4 May 2023 Is India developing a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Ajay Lele IDSA 24 June 2022 Retrieved 2 January 2023 Iran unveils Fattah 2 hypersonic missile en irna ir Retrieved 4 March 2024 Tiwari Sakshi 20 November 2023 4th Country With Hypersonic Tech Expert Calls Iran s Fattah 2 As Uninterceptable Cruise Missile Ideal For Preemptive Strikes Latest Asian Middle East EurAsian Indian News Retrieved 4 March 2024 According to Iranian official media Fattah 2 is a hypersonic glide vehicle HGV Compared to a ballistic warhead that travels in a more foreseeable arc an HGV offers significantly greater mobility as it glides to its target after initial launch Japan unveils its hypersonic weapons plans Yahoo North Korea claimed on the 3rd that it had successfully test fired a new mid to long range solid fu MK 매일경제 3 April 2024 Retrieved 3 April 2024 Zwirko Colin 2 April 2024 North Korea says Kim Jong Un led test of new Hwasong 16B hypersonic missile NK News NK News North Korea News Retrieved 3 April 2024 Does North Korea have a real Hypersonic Glide Vehicle HGV www b14643 de Retrieved 3 April 2024 Hwasong 8 Ballistic Missile with a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle MilitaryToday com www militarytoday com Retrieved 3 April 2024 Lendon Yoonjung Seo Brad 10 January 2022 Suspected North Korea missile test hit speed of Mach 10 more advanced than previous test Seoul says CNN Retrieved 3 April 2024 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Avangard Missile Threat CSIS a b Borisov ispytaniya kompleksa Avangard dokazali ego sposobnost razgonyatsya do 27 Mahov in Russian TASS 27 December 2018 Retrieved 30 December 2018 Introducing The Ballistic Missile Defense Ship Aviation Week 11 April 2014 Retrieved 29 December 2019 The downside is when the HGV warhead nears its target it has less speed and altitude and is therefore more easily intercepted by low tier interceptors including potential rail guns Tadjdeh Yasmin 26 January 2018 Secretive Pentagon Office Shares Details About Hypervelocity Missile Defense Weapon National Defense Kunertova Dominika Hypersonic Weapons Fast Furious and Futile RUSI Retrieved 3 January 2023 Brockmann Kolja A matter of speed Understanding hypersonic missile systems Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI Retrieved 3 January 2023 Wright David The Physics and Hype of Hypersonic Weapons The Scientific American Retrieved 3 January 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hypersonic glide vehicle amp oldid 1226422102, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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