Hyopsodontidae is an extinct family of primitive mammals initially assigned to the order Condylarthra, living from the Paleocene to the Eocene in North America and Eurasia. Condylarthra is now thought to be a wastebasket taxon; hyopsodontids have occasionally been speculated to be related to Afrotheria,[1] but the most recent consensus is that they are related to Perissodactyla. Analysis of the inner ear shows shared characteristics with the Equoidea (horses and paleotheres);[2] they may be a basal ungulate group near to perissodactyls.[3]
They were generally small omnivores, like many early mammals. The most common genus is Hyopsodus.
Members of the family were small by modern standards, ranging in size from a small rat to a raccoon. The hyopsodontids had many primitive mammal characteristics, including five-toed feet with claws and a complete dentition: a full set of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. During the Paleocene in Europe, they reached a high diversity level, starting with Louisina and Monshyus in Hainin, Belgium, and following in the Cernaysian beds with Tricuspiodon, Paratricuspiodon, and Paschatherium.[4] High levels of diversity are also seen in Western North America in the Eocene within the genus Hyopsodus, with up to 18 named species, some of which are specific to particular locations over short spans of geologic time. This pattern suggests that at least some hyosodontids became quite specialized for specific ways of life. The group was not especially long-lived, but highly successful for its time, with fossil material in some areas suggesting large numbers of individuals.[5]
^Flynn, John J. (1991). "Hyopsodus (Mammalia) from the Tepee Trail Formation (Eocene), Northwestern Wyoming" (PDF). American Museum Novitates – via Digital Library of the American Museum of Natural History, New York.
^Kihm, A.J.; Hartman, J.H. (December 2004). "A reevaluation of the biochronology of the Brisbane and Judson local faunas (late Paleocene) of North Dakota". Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 2004 (36): 97–107. doi:10.2992/0145-9058(2004)36[97:AROTBO]2.0.CO;2.
^Burger, B.J. (July 2007). "A new Late Paleocene vertebrate fauna from the Ohio Creek Formation of Western Colorado". Mountain Geologist. 44 (3): 141–150. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
^Robinson, P.; Williams, B.A. (May 1997). "Species diversity, tooth size, and shape of Haplomylus (Condylarthra, Hyopsodontidae) from the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming". Rocky Mountain Geology. 31 (2): 59–78. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
^Williamson, T.E.; Weil, A. (June 2011). "A New Puercan (Early Paleocene) Hyopsodontid "Condylarth" from New Mexico". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (2): 247–255. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0147. S2CID 54639945.
^Rose, K.D.; Storch, G.; Krohmann, K. (November 2013). "Small-mammal postcrania from the middle Paleocene of Walbeck, Germany". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 89: 95–124. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0211-3. S2CID 84072639.
^Zack, S.P.; Penkrot, T.A.; et al. (2005). "A new apheliscine "condylarth" mammal from the late Paleocene of Montana and Alberta and the phylogeny of "hyopsodontids"" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (4): 809–830. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
^Thewisson, J.G.M. (1991). "Limb Osteology and function of the primitive Paleocene ungulate Pleuraspidotherium with notes on Tricuspiodon and Dissacus (Mammalia)". Geobios. 24 (4): 483–495. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(06)80249-4.
January 01, 1970
hyopsodontidae, confused, with, hypsodont, extinct, family, primitive, mammals, initially, assigned, order, condylarthra, living, from, paleocene, eocene, north, america, eurasia, condylarthra, thought, wastebasket, taxon, hyopsodontids, have, occasionally, be. Not to be confused with Hypsodont Hyopsodontidae is an extinct family of primitive mammals initially assigned to the order Condylarthra living from the Paleocene to the Eocene in North America and Eurasia Condylarthra is now thought to be a wastebasket taxon hyopsodontids have occasionally been speculated to be related to Afrotheria 1 but the most recent consensus is that they are related to Perissodactyla Analysis of the inner ear shows shared characteristics with the Equoidea horses and paleotheres 2 they may be a basal ungulate group near to perissodactyls 3 HyopsodontidaeTemporal range Early Paleocene to Eocene Hyopsodus Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Clade Panperissodactyla Family HyopsodontidaeTrouessart 1889 Genera see text They were generally small omnivores like many early mammals The most common genus is Hyopsodus Members of the family were small by modern standards ranging in size from a small rat to a raccoon The hyopsodontids had many primitive mammal characteristics including five toed feet with claws and a complete dentition a full set of incisors canines premolars and molars During the Paleocene in Europe they reached a high diversity level starting with Louisina and Monshyus in Hainin Belgium and following in the Cernaysian beds with Tricuspiodon Paratricuspiodon and Paschatherium 4 High levels of diversity are also seen in Western North America in the Eocene within the genus Hyopsodus with up to 18 named species some of which are specific to particular locations over short spans of geologic time This pattern suggests that at least some hyosodontids became quite specialized for specific ways of life The group was not especially long lived but highly successful for its time with fossil material in some areas suggesting large numbers of individuals 5 List of genera editAletodon Dorraletes 6 Haplaletes 7 Haplomylus 8 Hyopsodus Litomylus 9 Paratricuspiodon 10 Paschatherium Phenacodaptes 11 Tricuspiodon 12 References edit Tabuce Rodolphe Marivaux Laurent Adaci Mohammed Bensalah Mustapha Hartenberger Jean Louis Mahboubi Mohammed Mebrouk Fateh Tafforeau Paul Jaeger Jean Jacques 2007 Early Tertiary mammals from North Africa reinforce the molecular Afrotheria clade Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 274 1614 1159 1166 doi 10 1098 rspb 2006 0229 PMC 2189562 PMID 17329227 Ravel Anthony Orliac Maeva J 2015 The inner ear morphology of the condylarthran Hyopsodus lepidus Historical Biology 27 8 957 969 doi 10 1080 08912963 2014 915823 S2CID 84391276 Orliac Maeva J Argot Christine Gilissen Emmanuel 2012 02 10 Digital Cranial Endocast of Hyopsodus Mammalia Condylarthra A Case of Paleogene Terrestrial Echolocation PLOS ONE 7 2 e30000 Bibcode 2012PLoSO 730000O doi 10 1371 journal pone 0030000 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 3277592 PMID 22347998 Agusti Jordi Anton Mauricio 2002 Mammoths Sabertooths and Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 11640 3 Flynn John J 1991 Hyopsodus Mammalia from the Tepee Trail Formation Eocene Northwestern Wyoming PDF American Museum Novitates via Digital Library of the American Museum of Natural History New York Kihm A J Hartman J H December 2004 A reevaluation of the biochronology of the Brisbane and Judson local faunas late Paleocene of North Dakota Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 2004 36 97 107 doi 10 2992 0145 9058 2004 36 97 AROTBO 2 0 CO 2 Burger B J July 2007 A new Late Paleocene vertebrate fauna from the Ohio Creek Formation of Western Colorado Mountain Geologist 44 3 141 150 Retrieved 14 August 2020 Robinson P Williams B A May 1997 Species diversity tooth size and shape of Haplomylus Condylarthra Hyopsodontidae from the Powder River basin northeastern Wyoming Rocky Mountain Geology 31 2 59 78 Retrieved 14 August 2020 Williamson T E Weil A June 2011 A New Puercan Early Paleocene Hyopsodontid Condylarth from New Mexico Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 2 247 255 doi 10 4202 app 2009 0147 S2CID 54639945 Rose K D Storch G Krohmann K November 2013 Small mammal postcrania from the middle Paleocene of Walbeck Germany Palaontologische Zeitschrift 89 95 124 doi 10 1007 s12542 013 0211 3 S2CID 84072639 Zack S P Penkrot T A et al 2005 A new apheliscine condylarth mammal from the late Paleocene of Montana and Alberta and the phylogeny of hyopsodontids PDF Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 4 809 830 Retrieved 14 August 2020 Thewisson J G M 1991 Limb Osteology and function of the primitive Paleocene ungulate Pleuraspidotherium with notes on Tricuspiodon and Dissacus Mammalia Geobios 24 4 483 495 doi 10 1016 S0016 6995 06 80249 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hyopsodontidae amp oldid 1189313154, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
