On 23 February 1657, during a sitting of the Second Protectorate Parliament, Sir Christopher Packe, a Member of Parliament and former Lord Mayor of London (chosen by those supporting Kingship as he was a less controversial character than the leaders of the Kingship party), presented the Lord ProtectorOliver Cromwell with a remonstrance which became known as the Humble Petition and Advice.[1] Although he presented it, Packe was not the author.[2][3]
The remonstrance came about largely as a result of the rise of the New Cromwellians, many of whom were moderate Presbyterians like Edward Montagu.[4] They in themselves were an expression of strong latent support for monarchy and the English traditional constitutional limits on its power, a desire to lose the military overtones of the earlier Protectorate and the decreasing level of control Cromwell was able to exert due to ill health and frustration with a lack of revolutionary ideology amongst his subjects.
The intention of the Humble Petition and Advice was to offer a hereditary monarchy to Oliver Cromwell, to assert Parliament's control over new taxation, to provide an independent council to advise the king, to assure the holding of 'Triennial' meetings (every three years) of Parliament, and to reduce the size of the standing army in order to save money, amongst other things. These had the effect of limiting, not increasing, Cromwell's power. However, the real sticking point for many radicals were Clauses 10 through 12; these placed severe restrictions on sects like Fifth Monarchists and Baptists, while seeking to re-establish a national church structured along Presbyterian lines.[5]
Cromwell refused the Crown, on 8 May 1657. There is much speculation among historians as to why he did so. One popular assertion is that he feared disaffection in the army, especially considering the proposed reduction in its size. Others include that he was distressed by allegations of dynastic ambition, he did not genuinely accept that a monarchy was necessary in England, or that he feared reinstating a monarchy on the basis that he believed the monarchy had been judged by God in the period following the First English Civil War.
The Humble Petition and Advice was amended to remove the clause on kingship. The Naylor case caused it also to be modified to include a second chamber.
On 25 May, Cromwell ratified a modified Humble Petition and Advice and said that he would nominate his successor as Lord Protector.
Catterall, Ralph C.H. (1903). "The Failure of the Humble Petition and Advice". American Historical Review. 9 (1): 36–65. doi:10.2307/1834218. JSTOR 1834218.
Coward, Barry, The Cromwellian Protectorate New frontiers in history, Manchester University Press, 2002, ISBN0719043174, ISBN9780719043178
Davies, JJ (2004). "Montagu [Mountagu], Edward, first earl of Sandwich". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Fritze, Ronald H. & Robison, William B. Historical dictionary of Stuart England, 1603–1689, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. ISBN0-313-28391-5, ISBN978-0-313-28391-8
Noble, Mark. Memoirs of the protectoral-house of Cromwell: deduced from an early period, and continued down to the present time; ... collected chiefly from original papers and records, ... together with an appendix: ... Embellished with elegant engravings. Volume 1, The third edition, Printed for G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1787. p. 416.
November 04, 2023
humble, petition, advice, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, n. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Humble Petition and Advice news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Humble Petition and Advice was the second and last codified constitution of England after the Instrument of Government Humble Petition and AdviceParliament of EnglandIntroduced bySir Christopher PackeTerritorial extent England Scotland Ireland Other dominionsDatesCommencement25 May 1657Other legislationAmended byThe removal of the monarchy clauseRepealed byDeclaration of BredaIndemnity and Oblivion ActRelates toInstrument of GovernmentStatus RepealedOn 23 February 1657 during a sitting of the Second Protectorate Parliament Sir Christopher Packe a Member of Parliament and former Lord Mayor of London chosen by those supporting Kingship as he was a less controversial character than the leaders of the Kingship party presented the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell with a remonstrance which became known as the Humble Petition and Advice 1 Although he presented it Packe was not the author 2 3 The remonstrance came about largely as a result of the rise of the New Cromwellians many of whom were moderate Presbyterians like Edward Montagu 4 They in themselves were an expression of strong latent support for monarchy and the English traditional constitutional limits on its power a desire to lose the military overtones of the earlier Protectorate and the decreasing level of control Cromwell was able to exert due to ill health and frustration with a lack of revolutionary ideology amongst his subjects The intention of the Humble Petition and Advice was to offer a hereditary monarchy to Oliver Cromwell to assert Parliament s control over new taxation to provide an independent council to advise the king to assure the holding of Triennial meetings every three years of Parliament and to reduce the size of the standing army in order to save money amongst other things These had the effect of limiting not increasing Cromwell s power However the real sticking point for many radicals were Clauses 10 through 12 these placed severe restrictions on sects like Fifth Monarchists and Baptists while seeking to re establish a national church structured along Presbyterian lines 5 Cromwell refused the Crown on 8 May 1657 There is much speculation among historians as to why he did so One popular assertion is that he feared disaffection in the army especially considering the proposed reduction in its size Others include that he was distressed by allegations of dynastic ambition he did not genuinely accept that a monarchy was necessary in England or that he feared reinstating a monarchy on the basis that he believed the monarchy had been judged by God in the period following the First English Civil War The Humble Petition and Advice was amended to remove the clause on kingship The Naylor case caused it also to be modified to include a second chamber On 25 May Cromwell ratified a modified Humble Petition and Advice and said that he would nominate his successor as Lord Protector References edit Lee p 991 see also DNB xliii 30 Coward p 87 Fritze p 237 Davies 2004 Catterall 1903 pp 36 37 Sources editCatterall Ralph C H 1903 The Failure of the Humble Petition and Advice American Historical Review 9 1 36 65 doi 10 2307 1834218 JSTOR 1834218 Coward Barry The Cromwellian Protectorate New frontiers in history Manchester University Press 2002 ISBN 0719043174 ISBN 9780719043178 Davies JJ 2004 Montagu Mountagu Edward first earl of Sandwich Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 19010 Subscription or UK public library membership required Fritze Ronald H amp Robison William B Historical dictionary of Stuart England 1603 1689 Greenwood Publishing Group 1996 ISBN 0 313 28391 5 ISBN 978 0 313 28391 8 Lee Sidney 1903 Dictionary of National Biography Index and Epitome Noble Mark Memoirs of the protectoral house of Cromwell deduced from an early period and continued down to the present time collected chiefly from original papers and records together with an appendix Embellished with elegant engravings Volume 1 The third edition Printed for G G J and J Robinson 1787 p 416 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Humble Petition and Advice amp oldid 1175817077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
