The term human equivalent is used in a number of different contexts. This term can refer to human equivalents of various comparisons of animate and inanimate things.
Animal models are used to learn more about a disease, its diagnosis and its treatment, with animal models predicting human toxicity in up to 71% of cases.[1] The human equivalent dose (HED) or human equivalent concentration (HEC) is the quantity of a chemical that, when administered to humans, produces an effect equal to that produced in test animals by a smaller dose.[2] Calculating the HED is a step in carrying out a clinical trial of a pharmaceutical drug.[3]
Human energy usage and conversionEdit
The concept of human-equivalent energy (H-e) assists in understanding of energy flows in physical and biological systems by expressing energy units in human terms: it provides a “feel” for the use of a given amount of energy by expressing it in terms of the relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism,[4] assuming an average human energy expenditure of 12,500 kJ per day and a basal metabolic rate of 80 watts.[5] A light bulb running at 100 watts is running at 1.25 human equivalents (100/80), i.e. 1.25 H-e. On the other hand, a human may generate as much as 1,000 watts for a task lasting a few minutes, or even more for a task of a few seconds' duration, while climbing a flight of stairs may represent work at a rate of about 200 watts.[6]
Animal attributes expressed in terms of human equivalentsEdit
Cat and dog yearsEdit
The ages of domestic cats and dogs are often referred to in terms of "cat years" or "dog years", representing a conversion to human-equivalent years. One formula for cat years is based on a cat reaching maturity in approximately 1 year, which could be seen as 16 in human terms, then adding about 4 years for every year the cat ages. A 5-year-old cat would then be (5 − 1) × 4 + 16 = 32 "cat years" (i.e. human-equivalent years), and a 10-year-old cat (10 − 1) × 4 + 16 = 52 in human terms.[7]
^Olson H, Betton G, Robinson D, et al. (2000). "Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals". Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32 (1): 56–67. doi:10.1006/rtph.2000.1399. PMID 11029269. S2CID 17158127.
^"Cat Vs Human Ages". www.metpet.com. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
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October 15, 2023
human, equivalent, term, human, equivalent, used, number, different, contexts, this, term, refer, human, equivalents, various, comparisons, animate, inanimate, things, contents, animal, models, chemistry, medicine, human, energy, usage, conversion, animal, att. The term human equivalent is used in a number of different contexts This term can refer to human equivalents of various comparisons of animate and inanimate things Contents 1 Animal models in chemistry and medicine 2 Human energy usage and conversion 3 Animal attributes expressed in terms of human equivalents 3 1 Cat and dog years 4 See also 5 ReferencesAnimal models in chemistry and medicine EditAnimal models are used to learn more about a disease its diagnosis and its treatment with animal models predicting human toxicity in up to 71 of cases 1 The human equivalent dose HED or human equivalent concentration HEC is the quantity of a chemical that when administered to humans produces an effect equal to that produced in test animals by a smaller dose 2 Calculating the HED is a step in carrying out a clinical trial of a pharmaceutical drug 3 Human energy usage and conversion EditThe concept of human equivalent energy H e assists in understanding of energy flows in physical and biological systems by expressing energy units in human terms it provides a feel for the use of a given amount of energy by expressing it in terms of the relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism 4 assuming an average human energy expenditure of 12 500 kJ per day and a basal metabolic rate of 80 watts 5 A light bulb running at 100 watts is running at 1 25 human equivalents 100 80 i e 1 25 H e On the other hand a human may generate as much as 1 000 watts for a task lasting a few minutes or even more for a task of a few seconds duration while climbing a flight of stairs may represent work at a rate of about 200 watts 6 Animal attributes expressed in terms of human equivalents EditCat and dog years Edit The ages of domestic cats and dogs are often referred to in terms of cat years or dog years representing a conversion to human equivalent years One formula for cat years is based on a cat reaching maturity in approximately 1 year which could be seen as 16 in human terms then adding about 4 years for every year the cat ages A 5 year old cat would then be 5 1 4 16 32 cat years i e human equivalent years and a 10 year old cat 10 1 4 16 52 in human terms 7 See also Edit nbsp Energy portal nbsp Medicine portalAnimal model Bioenergetics Energy conversion Energy quality Energy transformation MetabolismReferences Edit Olson H Betton G Robinson D et al 2000 Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 32 1 56 67 doi 10 1006 rtph 2000 1399 PMID 11029269 S2CID 17158127 BusinessDictionary com definition 1 Archived 2019 06 06 at the Wayback Machine U S Food amp Drug Administration Estimating the Safe Starting Dose in Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy Volunteers 2 Bicycle calculator speed weight wattage etc 3 Cross R amp Spencer R 2008 Sustainable gardens CSIRO Publishing Collingwood Melbourne ISBN 978 0 643 09422 2 Home www uic edu Retrieved 2009 05 29 Cat Vs Human Ages www metpet com Retrieved 2009 06 01 nbsp Wikiversity has learning resources about Topic Biochemistry Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Human equivalent amp oldid 1149098866, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
