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Hulwan (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)

January 01, 1970

The Metropolitanate of Hulwan was an East Syriac metropolitan province of the Church of the East between the eighth and twelfth centuries, with suffragan dioceses for Dinawar, Hamadan, Nihawand and al-Kuj (perhaps Karaj d'Abu Dulaf). The city of Hulwan (Syriac: ܚܘܠܘܐܢ) was one of the chief towns in the western Iranian province of Media. The metropolitanate of Hulwan was ranked among the 'exterior provinces', so called to distinguish them from the province of the patriarch and the five core Mesopotamian 'interior' provinces.

Background edit

A number of East Syriac dioceses in Iran existed by the beginning of the fifth century, but they were not grouped into a metropolitan province in 410. After establishing five metropolitan provinces in Mesopotamia, Canon XXI of the synod of Isaac provided that 'the bishops of the more remote dioceses of Fars, of the Islands, of Beth Madaye (Media), of Beth Raziqaye (Rai) and of the country of Abrshahr (Tus) must accept the definition established in this council at a later date'.[1]

By the end of the fifth century, there were at least three East Syriac dioceses in the Sassanian province of Media in western Iran. Hamadan (ancient Ecbatana) was the chief city of Media, and the Syriac name Beth Madaye (Media) was regularly used to refer to the East Syriac diocese of Hamadan as well as to the region as a whole. Although no East Syriac bishops of Beth Madaye are attested before 457, the reference to Beth Madaye in Canon XXI of the synod of Isaac probably indicates that the diocese of Hamadan was already in existence in 410. Bishops of Beth Madaye were present at most of the synods held between 486 and 605.[2] Two other dioceses in western Iran, Beth Lashpar (Hulwan) and Masabadan, seem also to have been established in the fifth century. A bishop of 'the deportation of Beth Lashpar' was present at the synod of Dadishoʿ in 424, and bishops of Beth Lashpar also attended the later synods of the fifth and sixth centuries.[3] Bishops of the nearby locality of Masabadan were present at the synod of Joseph in 554 and the synod of Ezekiel in 576.[4]

Because of its origins in a mass deportation of Roman Christians, the diocese of Hulwan was probably more populous than that of Hamadan during the late Sassanian period. Media became a metropolitan province of the Church of the East during the reign of Ishoʿyahb II (628–45), and its metropolitans sat at Hulwan rather than Hamadan.

In 893 Eliya of Damascus listed Hulwan as a metropolitan province, with suffragan dioceses for Dinawar (al-Dinur), Hamadan, Nihawand and al-Kuj.[5] 'Al-Kuj' cannot be readily localised, and has been tentatively identified with Karaj d'Abu Dulaf.[6] Little is known about these suffragan dioceses, except for isolated references to bishops of Dinawar and Nihawand, and by the end of the twelfth century Hulwan and Hamadan were probably the only surviving centres of East Syriac Christianity in Media. Around the beginning of the thirteenth century, the metropolitan see of Hulwan was transferred to Hamadan, in consequence of the decline in Hulwan's importance. The last-known bishop of Hulwan and Hamadan, Yohannan, flourished during the reign of Eliya III (1176–90). Hamadan was sacked in 1220, and during the reign of Yahballaha III was also on more than one occasion the scene of anti-Christian riots. It is possible that its Christian population at the end of the thirteenth century was small indeed, and it is not known whether it was still the seat of a metropolitan bishop.

The diocese of Hulwan edit

The bishop 'Hatita' 'of the deportation of Beth Lashpar' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Dadishoʿ in 424.[7]

The bishop Brikhoï 'of Beth Lashpar' was one of eleven named bishops listed in the acts of the same synod as having been reproved at the synods of Isaac in 410 and Yahballaha I in 420.[8]

The bishop Nuh 'of Beth Lashpar' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Acacius in 486.[9]

The priest and secretary Ahaï was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Babaï in 497, on behalf of the bishop Ahron 'of Beth Lashpar'.[10]

The bishop Pusaï 'of Hulwan' adhered by letter to the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554.[11]

The bishop Shubha 'of Beth Lashpar' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ezekiel in 576.[12]

The bishop Bar Nun 'of Hulwan' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ishoʿyahb I in 585.[13]

The bishop Bar Hadbshabba 'of Hulwan' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Gregory in 605.[14]

The metropolitan Surin of Hulwan was abusively consecrated patriarch in 751/2.[15]

The bishop Stephen was appointed for Hulwan by the patriarch Sargis (860–72).[16]

The bishop Ishoʿyahb of Susa was appointed metropolitan of Hulwan by the patriarch Yohannan III immediately after his consecration on 15 July 893.[17]

The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan was one of three metropolitans who were present at the consecration of the patriarch Israel in 961.[18]

The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan, probably the same man, was present at the consecration of the patriarch Mari on 10 April 987.[19]

The metropolitan Ishoʿdad of Hulwan was one of only two metropolitans present at the consecration of the patriarch Emmanuel I on 23 February 938, because 'many metropolitans objected'.[20]

The metropolitan Mari 'of Fars', originally bishop of Dinawar, was metropolitan 'in the city of Hulwan' when Elijah of Nisibis completed his Chronography in 1018/19.[21]

The metropolitan ʿAbd al-Masih 'of Hulwan and Rai' was present at the consecration of the patriarch ʿAbdishoʿ II in 1074, and died at an unknown date during his reign.[22]

The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan was present at the consecration of the patriarch Makkikha I in 1092.[23]

The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan, possibly the same man, was present at the consecration of the patriarch Eliya II in 1111.[24]

The patriarch Eliya II (1111–32) transferred an unnamed metropolitan of Hulwan to the metropolitan diocese of Egypt.[25]

The diocese of Beth Madaye (Hamadan) edit

The bishop Abraham of 'Madaï' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Acacius in 486.[26]

The bishop Babaï of 'Madaï' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Babaï in 497.[27]

The bishop Acacius of 'Madaï' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554, and the bishop 'Auban' 'of Hamadan' (possibly a different diocese) adhered by letter to the acts of the same synod.[28]

The bishop Yazdkwast of Beth Madaye was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Gregory in 605.[29]

The bishop Abraham of Hamadan was transferred to the diocese of Kashkar by the patriarch ʿAbdishoʿ I (963–86). He was deposed and excommunicated for seven years for misbehaviour, and was eventually restored to his old diocese at the request of the Nestorians of Hamadan.[30]

The diocese of Masabadan edit

The bishop Denha of Masabadan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554.[31]

The bishop Shubha of Masabadan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ezekiel in 576.[32]

The diocese of Dinawar edit

The bishop Mari 'of Fars', metropolitan of Hulwan when Eliya Bar Shinaya completed his Chronography in 1018/19, was formerly bishop of Dinawar.[33]

The diocese of Nihawand edit

The bishop Sabrishoʿ of Nihawand was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Timothy I in 790.[34]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Chabot, 273
  2. ^ Chabot, 306, 316, 366 and 479
  3. ^ Chabot, 285, 287, 307, 315, 366, 368, 423 and 479
  4. ^ Chabot, 366 and 368
  5. ^ Assemani, BO, ii. 485–9
  6. ^ Fiey, POCN, 99
  7. ^ Chabot, 285
  8. ^ Chabot, 287
  9. ^ Chabot, 307
  10. ^ Chabot, 315
  11. ^ Chabot, 366
  12. ^ Chabot, 368
  13. ^ Chabot, 423
  14. ^ Chabot, 479
  15. ^ Elijah of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 31.
  16. ^ Sliba, 73 (Arabic)
  17. ^ Sliba, 80 (Arabic)
  18. ^ Mari, 99 (Arabic), 88 (Latin)
  19. ^ Sliba, 94 (Arabic)
  20. ^ Eliya of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 34, 100 and 105
  21. ^ Elijah of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 35.
  22. ^ Mari, 130 (Arabic), 114 (Latin)
  23. ^ Mari, 138 (Arabic), 118 (Latin)
  24. ^ Mari, 152 (Arabic), 129 (Latin)
  25. ^ Mari, 153 (Arabic), 130 (Latin)
  26. ^ Chabot, 306
  27. ^ Chabot, 316
  28. ^ Chabot, 366
  29. ^ Chabot, 479
  30. ^ Mari, 103 (Arabic), 91 (Latin)
  31. ^ Chabot, 366
  32. ^ Chabot, 368
  33. ^ Eliya of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 35
  34. ^ Chabot, 608

Bibliography edit

  • Assemani, Giuseppe Luigi (1775). De catholicis seu patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum commentarius historico-chronologicus. Roma.
  • Assemani, J. S., Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino-Vaticana (4 vols, Rome, 1719–28)
  • Brooks, E. W., Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum (Rome, 1910)
  • Chabot, Jean-Baptiste (1902). Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens (PDF). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Fiey, J. M., Assyrie chrétienne (3 vols, Beirut, 1962)
  • Fiey, Jean Maurice (1979) [1963]. Communautés syriaques en Iran et Irak des origines à 1552. London: Variorum Reprints. ISBN 9780860780519.
  • Fiey, Jean Maurice (1993). Pour un Oriens Christianus Novus: Répertoire des diocèses syriaques orientaux et occidentaux. Beirut: Orient-Institut. ISBN 9783515057189.
  • Wallis Budge, E. A., The Book of Governors: The Historia Monastica of Thomas, Bishop of Marga, AD 840 (London, 1893)
  • Wallis Budge, E. A., The Monks of Kublai Khan (London, 1928)
  • Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908765.
  • Wilmshurst, David (2011). The martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East. London: East & West Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781907318047.

January 01, 1970
hulwan, east, syriac, ecclesiastical, province, metropolitanate, hulwan, east, syriac, metropolitan, province, church, east, between, eighth, twelfth, centuries, with, suffragan, dioceses, dinawar, hamadan, nihawand, perhaps, karaj, dulaf, city, hulwan, syriac. The Metropolitanate of Hulwan was an East Syriac metropolitan province of the Church of the East between the eighth and twelfth centuries with suffragan dioceses for Dinawar Hamadan Nihawand and al Kuj perhaps Karaj d Abu Dulaf The city of Hulwan Syriac ܚܘܠܘܐܢ was one of the chief towns in the western Iranian province of Media The metropolitanate of Hulwan was ranked among the exterior provinces so called to distinguish them from the province of the patriarch and the five core Mesopotamian interior provinces Contents 1 Background 2 The diocese of Hulwan 3 The diocese of Beth Madaye Hamadan 4 The diocese of Masabadan 5 The diocese of Dinawar 6 The diocese of Nihawand 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 BibliographyBackground editA number of East Syriac dioceses in Iran existed by the beginning of the fifth century but they were not grouped into a metropolitan province in 410 After establishing five metropolitan provinces in Mesopotamia Canon XXI of the synod of Isaac provided that the bishops of the more remote dioceses of Fars of the Islands of Beth Madaye Media of Beth Raziqaye Rai and of the country of Abrshahr Tus must accept the definition established in this council at a later date 1 By the end of the fifth century there were at least three East Syriac dioceses in the Sassanian province of Media in western Iran Hamadan ancient Ecbatana was the chief city of Media and the Syriac name Beth Madaye Media was regularly used to refer to the East Syriac diocese of Hamadan as well as to the region as a whole Although no East Syriac bishops of Beth Madaye are attested before 457 the reference to Beth Madaye in Canon XXI of the synod of Isaac probably indicates that the diocese of Hamadan was already in existence in 410 Bishops of Beth Madaye were present at most of the synods held between 486 and 605 2 Two other dioceses in western Iran Beth Lashpar Hulwan and Masabadan seem also to have been established in the fifth century A bishop of the deportation of Beth Lashpar was present at the synod of Dadishoʿ in 424 and bishops of Beth Lashpar also attended the later synods of the fifth and sixth centuries 3 Bishops of the nearby locality of Masabadan were present at the synod of Joseph in 554 and the synod of Ezekiel in 576 4 Because of its origins in a mass deportation of Roman Christians the diocese of Hulwan was probably more populous than that of Hamadan during the late Sassanian period Media became a metropolitan province of the Church of the East during the reign of Ishoʿ yahb II 628 45 and its metropolitans sat at Hulwan rather than Hamadan In 893 Eliya of Damascus listed Hulwan as a metropolitan province with suffragan dioceses for Dinawar al Dinur Hamadan Nihawand and al Kuj 5 Al Kuj cannot be readily localised and has been tentatively identified with Karaj d Abu Dulaf 6 Little is known about these suffragan dioceses except for isolated references to bishops of Dinawar and Nihawand and by the end of the twelfth century Hulwan and Hamadan were probably the only surviving centres of East Syriac Christianity in Media Around the beginning of the thirteenth century the metropolitan see of Hulwan was transferred to Hamadan in consequence of the decline in Hulwan s importance The last known bishop of Hulwan and Hamadan Yohannan flourished during the reign of Eliya III 1176 90 Hamadan was sacked in 1220 and during the reign of Yahballaha III was also on more than one occasion the scene of anti Christian riots It is possible that its Christian population at the end of the thirteenth century was small indeed and it is not known whether it was still the seat of a metropolitan bishop The diocese of Hulwan editThe bishop Hatita of the deportation of Beth Lashpar was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Dadishoʿ in 424 7 The bishop Brikhoi of Beth Lashpar was one of eleven named bishops listed in the acts of the same synod as having been reproved at the synods of Isaac in 410 and Yahballaha I in 420 8 The bishop Nuh of Beth Lashpar was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Acacius in 486 9 The priest and secretary Ahai was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Babai in 497 on behalf of the bishop Ahron of Beth Lashpar 10 The bishop Pusai of Hulwan adhered by letter to the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554 11 The bishop Shubha of Beth Lashpar was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ezekiel in 576 12 The bishop Bar Nun of Hulwan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ishoʿ yahb I in 585 13 The bishop Bar Hadbshabba of Hulwan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Gregory in 605 14 The metropolitan Surin of Hulwan was abusively consecrated patriarch in 751 2 15 The bishop Stephen was appointed for Hulwan by the patriarch Sargis 860 72 16 The bishop Ishoʿ yahb of Susa was appointed metropolitan of Hulwan by the patriarch Yohannan III immediately after his consecration on 15 July 893 17 The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan was one of three metropolitans who were present at the consecration of the patriarch Israel in 961 18 The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan probably the same man was present at the consecration of the patriarch Mari on 10 April 987 19 The metropolitan Ishoʿ dad of Hulwan was one of only two metropolitans present at the consecration of the patriarch Emmanuel I on 23 February 938 because many metropolitans objected 20 The metropolitan Mari of Fars originally bishop of Dinawar was metropolitan in the city of Hulwan when Elijah of Nisibis completed his Chronography in 1018 19 21 The metropolitan ʿ Abd al Masih of Hulwan and Rai was present at the consecration of the patriarch ʿ Abdishoʿ II in 1074 and died at an unknown date during his reign 22 The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan was present at the consecration of the patriarch Makkikha I in 1092 23 The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan possibly the same man was present at the consecration of the patriarch Eliya II in 1111 24 The patriarch Eliya II 1111 32 transferred an unnamed metropolitan of Hulwan to the metropolitan diocese of Egypt 25 The diocese of Beth Madaye Hamadan editThe bishop Abraham of Madai was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Acacius in 486 26 The bishop Babai of Madai was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Babai in 497 27 The bishop Acacius of Madai was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554 and the bishop Auban of Hamadan possibly a different diocese adhered by letter to the acts of the same synod 28 The bishop Yazdkwast of Beth Madaye was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Gregory in 605 29 The bishop Abraham of Hamadan was transferred to the diocese of Kashkar by the patriarch ʿ Abdishoʿ I 963 86 He was deposed and excommunicated for seven years for misbehaviour and was eventually restored to his old diocese at the request of the Nestorians of Hamadan 30 The diocese of Masabadan editThe bishop Denha of Masabadan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554 31 The bishop Shubha of Masabadan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ezekiel in 576 32 The diocese of Dinawar editThe bishop Mari of Fars metropolitan of Hulwan when Eliya Bar Shinaya completed his Chronography in 1018 19 was formerly bishop of Dinawar 33 The diocese of Nihawand editThe bishop Sabrishoʿ of Nihawand was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Timothy I in 790 34 References editCitations edit Chabot 273 Chabot 306 316 366 and 479 Chabot 285 287 307 315 366 368 423 and 479 Chabot 366 and 368 Assemani BO ii 485 9 Fiey POCN 99 Chabot 285 Chabot 287 Chabot 307 Chabot 315 Chabot 366 Chabot 368 Chabot 423 Chabot 479 Elijah of Nisibis Chronography i 31 Sliba 73 Arabic Sliba 80 Arabic Mari 99 Arabic 88 Latin Sliba 94 Arabic Eliya of Nisibis Chronography i 34 100 and 105 Elijah of Nisibis Chronography i 35 Mari 130 Arabic 114 Latin Mari 138 Arabic 118 Latin Mari 152 Arabic 129 Latin Mari 153 Arabic 130 Latin Chabot 306 Chabot 316 Chabot 366 Chabot 479 Mari 103 Arabic 91 Latin Chabot 366 Chabot 368 Eliya of Nisibis Chronography i 35 Chabot 608 Bibliography edit Assemani Giuseppe Luigi 1775 De catholicis seu patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum commentarius historico chronologicus Roma Assemani J S Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino Vaticana 4 vols Rome 1719 28 Brooks E W Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum Rome 1910 Chabot Jean Baptiste 1902 Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens PDF Paris Imprimerie Nationale Fiey J M Assyrie chretienne 3 vols Beirut 1962 Fiey Jean Maurice 1979 1963 Communautes syriaques en Iran et Irak des origines a 1552 London Variorum Reprints ISBN 9780860780519 Fiey Jean Maurice 1993 Pour un Oriens Christianus Novus Repertoire des dioceses syriaques orientaux et occidentaux Beirut Orient Institut ISBN 9783515057189 Wallis Budge E A The Book of Governors The Historia Monastica of Thomas Bishop of Marga AD 840 London 1893 Wallis Budge E A The Monks of Kublai Khan London 1928 Wilmshurst David 2000 The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East 1318 1913 Louvain Peeters Publishers ISBN 9789042908765 Wilmshurst David 2011 The martyred Church A History of the Church of the East London East amp West Publishing Limited ISBN 9781907318047 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hulwan East Syriac ecclesiastical province amp oldid 1075037692, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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