The Toreli (Georgian: თორელი), earlier known as the Gamrekeli (გამრეკელი), were a noble family in medieval Georgia, known from the 10th century and prominent into the 14th. The dynastic name "Toreli" is derived from the territorial epithet, literally meaning "of Tori", a historic district and the family's original fiefdom in south-central Georgia.
The Toreli rose to particular prominence during the Georgian Golden Age under Queen Tamar (r. 1178/1184–1213) and her immediate successors, George IV (r. 1213–1223) and Rusudan (r. 1223–1246). They held fiefs in south and central Georgia and, at times, governed the newly conquered north Armenian districts on behalf of the crown. Several members of the family – one of the most important princely houses at that time[1] – occupied important posts in the administration and army, including the dignity of amirspasalar.[2] A senior branch held the hereditary office of eristavi ("duke") of Akhalkalaki, and a junior branch – Akhaltsikheli – that of Akhaltsikhe. At one point in the 12th century, the former was briefly surpassed by the latter, whose influence quickly waned after the death of Shalva and Ivane Akhaltsikheli during the Khwarezmian invasion in 1225.[3]
The Toreli went in gradual decline during the Mongol hegemony over Georgia in the course of the 13th century.[4] Of the Toreli branches, the longest surviving were the Javakhishvili, in Shida Kartli, eventually confirmed as princes (knyaz) of the Russian Empire in 1850.[5]
Some Georgian historians (such as S. Kakabadze, N. Shoshiashvili, S. Tsaishvili) have put forward a tentative hypothesis identifying the medieval Georgian epic poet Shota Rustaveli with a member of the Toreli family.[6]
Referencesedit
^Toumanoff, Cyril (1966), "Armenia and Georgia", in: The Cambridge Medieval History, vol. IV, The Byzantine Empire part I, p. 626, n. 2. Cambridge, 1966
^(in Georgian) Shoshiashvili, N. "ახალციხელები" ("The Akhaltsikheli"), in: Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 2, p. 100. Tbilisi, 1977
^(in Georgian) Shoshiashvili, N. "თორელები" ("The Toreli"), in: Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 4, p. 693. Tbilisi, 1979
^(in Russian) Grebelsky, P. Kh., Dumin, S.V., Lapin, V.V. (1993), Дворянские роды Российской империи. Том 4: Князья Царства Грузинского. ("Noble families of the Russian Empire. Vol. 4: Princes of the Kingdom of Georgia"), p. 145. Vesti
^Natadze, N & Tsaishvili, S (1966), Shota Rustaveli and His Poem, pp. 20–22. Tbilisi: Ganatleba
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house, toreli, gamrekeli, redirects, here, other, uses, gamrekeli, disambiguation, city, iran, buin, miandasht, toreli, georgian, თორელი, earlier, known, gamrekeli, გამრეკელი, were, noble, family, medieval, georgia, known, from, 10th, century, prominent, into,. Gamrekeli redirects here For other uses see Gamrekeli disambiguation For the city in Iran see Buin va Miandasht The Toreli Georgian თორელი earlier known as the Gamrekeli გამრეკელი were a noble family in medieval Georgia known from the 10th century and prominent into the 14th The dynastic name Toreli is derived from the territorial epithet literally meaning of Tori a historic district and the family s original fiefdom in south central Georgia The Toreli rose to particular prominence during the Georgian Golden Age under Queen Tamar r 1178 1184 1213 and her immediate successors George IV r 1213 1223 and Rusudan r 1223 1246 They held fiefs in south and central Georgia and at times governed the newly conquered north Armenian districts on behalf of the crown Several members of the family one of the most important princely houses at that time 1 occupied important posts in the administration and army including the dignity of amirspasalar 2 A senior branch held the hereditary office of eristavi duke of Akhalkalaki and a junior branch Akhaltsikheli that of Akhaltsikhe At one point in the 12th century the former was briefly surpassed by the latter whose influence quickly waned after the death of Shalva and Ivane Akhaltsikheli during the Khwarezmian invasion in 1225 3 The Toreli went in gradual decline during the Mongol hegemony over Georgia in the course of the 13th century 4 Of the Toreli branches the longest surviving were the Javakhishvili in Shida Kartli eventually confirmed as princes knyaz of the Russian Empire in 1850 5 Some Georgian historians such as S Kakabadze N Shoshiashvili S Tsaishvili have put forward a tentative hypothesis identifying the medieval Georgian epic poet Shota Rustaveli with a member of the Toreli family 6 References edit Toumanoff Cyril 1966 Armenia and Georgia in The Cambridge Medieval History vol IV The Byzantine Empire part I p 626 n 2 Cambridge 1966 Bedrosian Robert Amirspasalar in Strayer Joseph Reese ed 1983 Dictionary of the Middle Ages p 235 Scribner ISBN 0 684 16760 3 in Georgian Shoshiashvili N ახალციხელები The Akhaltsikheli in Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia vol 2 p 100 Tbilisi 1977 in Georgian Shoshiashvili N თორელები The Toreli in Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia vol 4 p 693 Tbilisi 1979 in Russian Grebelsky P Kh Dumin S V Lapin V V 1993 Dvoryanskie rody Rossijskoj imperii Tom 4 Knyazya Carstva Gruzinskogo Noble families of the Russian Empire Vol 4 Princes of the Kingdom of Georgia p 145 Vesti Natadze N amp Tsaishvili S 1966 Shota Rustaveli and His Poem pp 20 22 Tbilisi Ganatleba nbsp This article about a member of the Georgian nobility is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title House of Toreli amp oldid 933932662, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
