A hot, dust-obscured galaxy, or hot DOG, is a rare type of quasar.[1][2][3] The central black hole of such a galaxy emits vast amounts of radiation which heats the infalling dust and gas, releasing infrared light at a rate about 1,000 times as much as the Milky Way, making these some of the most luminous galaxies in the universe.[4] However, the density of the surrounding dust is so great that most of that light is obscured.[4] Their average temperatures range from 60 to 120 K (−213 to −153 °C; −352 to −244 °F),[5] significantly higher than an average galaxy's temperature of 30 to 40 K (−243 to −233 °C; −406 to −388 °F).[4] They also appear to concentrate a much higher proportion of their galactic mass in the central black hole than is observed in normal galaxies.[4]
A hot, dust-obscured galaxy seen by WISELuminosity plot for hot DOGs and a prototypical luminous infrared galaxy
Researchers believe that hot DOGs may represent a phase of galactic evolution where the central black hole is capturing material at a rate faster than new stars are forming, yet the radiation pressure from that rapid absorption is pushing away much of that surrounding material. The black hole will eventually clear its area of influence of the excessive dust and gas, rendering it a regular, visible galaxy.[4]
These objects were first detected by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) in 2010,[4] and only one out of every 3,000 quasars observed by WISE are of this type.[1] Wu et al (2012) refer to these galaxies as "W1W2-dropouts" because they are faint or invisible in WISE's W1 (3.4 μm) and W2 (4.6 μm) detection bands.[5]
^ ab"Extreme Turbulence Roiling 'Most Luminous Galaxy' in the Universe" (Press release). National Radio Astronomy Observatory. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^Díaz-Santos, T.; Assef, R. J.; Blain, A. W.; Tsai, C.-W.; Aravena, M.; et al. (January 2016). "The Strikingly Uniform, Highly Turbulent Interstellar Medium of the Most Luminous Galaxy in the Universe". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 816 (1). L6. arXiv:1511.04079. Bibcode:2016ApJ...816L...6D. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/L6.
^"The Turbulent Birth of a Quasar" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ abcdefGrossman, Lisa (30 August 2012). "Hot DOG surprise reveals new stage in galaxy evolution". New Scientist. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
^ abWu, Jingwen; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Sayers, Jack; Benford, Dominic; Bridge, Carrie; et al. (September 2012). "Submillimeter Follow-up of WISE-selected Hyperluminous Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (1). 96. arXiv:1208.5518. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756...96W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/96.
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January 01, 1970
dust, obscured, galaxy, dust, obscured, galaxy, rare, type, quasar, central, black, hole, such, galaxy, emits, vast, amounts, radiation, which, heats, infalling, dust, releasing, infrared, light, rate, about, times, much, milky, making, these, some, most, lumi. A hot dust obscured galaxy or hot DOG is a rare type of quasar 1 2 3 The central black hole of such a galaxy emits vast amounts of radiation which heats the infalling dust and gas releasing infrared light at a rate about 1 000 times as much as the Milky Way making these some of the most luminous galaxies in the universe 4 However the density of the surrounding dust is so great that most of that light is obscured 4 Their average temperatures range from 60 to 120 K 213 to 153 C 352 to 244 F 5 significantly higher than an average galaxy s temperature of 30 to 40 K 243 to 233 C 406 to 388 F 4 They also appear to concentrate a much higher proportion of their galactic mass in the central black hole than is observed in normal galaxies 4 A hot dust obscured galaxy seen by WISE Luminosity plot for hot DOGs and a prototypical luminous infrared galaxy Researchers believe that hot DOGs may represent a phase of galactic evolution where the central black hole is capturing material at a rate faster than new stars are forming yet the radiation pressure from that rapid absorption is pushing away much of that surrounding material The black hole will eventually clear its area of influence of the excessive dust and gas rendering it a regular visible galaxy 4 These objects were first detected by the Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer WISE in 2010 4 and only one out of every 3 000 quasars observed by WISE are of this type 1 Wu et al 2012 refer to these galaxies as W1W2 dropouts because they are faint or invisible in WISE s W1 3 4 mm and W2 4 6 mm detection bands 5 See also editLuminous infrared galaxyReferences edit a b Extreme Turbulence Roiling Most Luminous Galaxy in the Universe Press release National Radio Astronomy Observatory 15 January 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2016 Diaz Santos T Assef R J Blain A W Tsai C W Aravena M et al January 2016 The Strikingly Uniform Highly Turbulent Interstellar Medium of the Most Luminous Galaxy in the Universe The Astrophysical Journal Letters 816 1 L6 arXiv 1511 04079 Bibcode 2016ApJ 816L 6D doi 10 3847 2041 8205 816 1 L6 The Turbulent Birth of a Quasar Press release European Southern Observatory 15 January 2016 Retrieved 20 January 2016 a b c d e f Grossman Lisa 30 August 2012 Hot DOG surprise reveals new stage in galaxy evolution New Scientist Retrieved 10 January 2017 a b Wu Jingwen Tsai Chao Wei Sayers Jack Benford Dominic Bridge Carrie et al September 2012 Submillimeter Follow up of WISE selected Hyperluminous Galaxies The Astrophysical Journal 756 1 96 arXiv 1208 5518 Bibcode 2012ApJ 756 96W doi 10 1088 0004 637X 756 1 96 External links edit nbsp Media related to Hot dust obscured galaxies at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hot dust obscured galaxy amp oldid 1188104555, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
