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Wikipedia

Hook-and-eye closure

February 12, 2024

A hook-and-eye closure is a simple and secure method of fastening garments together. It consists of a metal hook, commonly wire bent to shape, and an eye (or "eyelet") of the same material into which the hook fits.

Hook and eye clasp

History edit

 
1898 Richardson & Delong Bros. advertisement

The hook and eye closure has a long history and is still used today, primarily on bras.

This form of fastening first appears under the name of "crochet and loop" in 14th-century England.[1]

The first reference to the modern term appears in Aubrey's Brief Lives in 1697, which describes a doublet and breeches being attached with "hook and eies".[2] Hooks and eyes were made by hand from wire, until the town of Redditch, England, already famous for sewing needle manufacture, was the first to machine-manufacture them. In 1643 a woman in the American colony of Maryland is recorded as having paid £10 worth of tobacco for hooks and eyes.[3]

The hook and eye played an important role in women's corsetry; used in rows or as a busk, they can take the stress necessary to support the bust and are used for a lady to be able to independently fasten her corset at the front rather than one's only option being to lace it at the back.

1800s edit

It was not until the first part of the 19th century that the industry was furthered in the United States. In 1830, one of the innovators in mass-producing hooks and eyes was Henry North of New Britain, Connecticut; he commissioned a man in Hartford named Levi Lincoln to make a machine that automated the creation of these fasteners.[4]

One variation of the attachment incorporates a "Delong hump", patented in 1889 by the Richardson & Delong Hook and Eye Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This was a raised elevation or "hump" in the wire hook that prevented the eye from slipping out of the hook, "except at the will of the wearer".[5]

In 1893, Marie Tucek patented the "Breast Supporter" – the first garment similar to the modern-day bra, which used separate pockets for the breasts and straps that went over the shoulder and fastened by hook-and-eye closures to the center front of the garment.[6]

1900s edit

E.C. Beecher patented his hook-and-eye in June 1900 with the U.S. Patent Office; in 1902, an updated version was submitted that consisted of an attachable hook-and-eye, without any stitching required.[7] A similar hook and eye for brassieres was patented in 1902 by the M.E. Company.[8]

The fasteners were eventually manufactured in the form of hook-and-eye tape, consisting of two tapes, one equipped with hooks and the other equipped with eyelets so that the two tapes could be "zipped" together side by side. To construct the garment, sections of hook-and-eye tape were sewn into either side of the garment closure. Today this labor-saving method comes on either silk or cotton tape, depending on the firmness and strength needed.

21st century edit

To keep up with the modern machine-oriented production environment, hook-and-eye closures are sold both individually and as a ready-to-cut tape. Ready-to-cut tapes are seen mostly in underwear such as bras. The metal part of the closures also comes in stainless steel, nylon-coated wires or brass in quality products.

Usage edit

In addition to their application on brassieres, bustiers, corsets and other fine lingerie, a single hook-and-eye closure is often sewn above the top of the zipper to "finish" it and take stress off the fastening on a skirt, dress or pants. They are generally provided at one gross to a box and range in size from No. 1 small, to No. 10 large.

References edit

  1. ^ George S. Cole, A Complete Dictionary of Dry Goods, Chicago, W. B. Conkey company, 1892
  2. ^ Page, John Aubrey, Aubrey's Brief Lives, David R Godine, 1999
  3. ^ Souder, Mary Attie, Notions, The Ronald Press Company, 1922, p. 121
  4. ^ David N. Camp (1889). History of New Britain: With Sketches of Farmington and Berlin, Connecticut. New Britain, CT: William B. Thompson & Co. pp. 275-276.
  5. ^ Souder, Mary Attie, Notions, The Ronald Press Company, 1922, p. 120
  6. ^ Bellis, Mary, The History of the Brassiere: Mary Phelps Jacob and the Brassiere, about.com
  7. ^ USPTO, Patent# 652160, 1900 June
  8. ^ USPTO, Patent# 662539, 1990 Nov

February 12, 2024
hook, closure, hook, closure, simple, secure, method, fastening, garments, together, consists, metal, hook, commonly, wire, bent, shape, eyelet, same, material, into, which, hook, fits, hook, clasp, contents, history, 1800s, 1900s, 21st, century, usage, refere. A hook and eye closure is a simple and secure method of fastening garments together It consists of a metal hook commonly wire bent to shape and an eye or eyelet of the same material into which the hook fits Hook and eye clasp Contents 1 History 1 1 1800s 1 2 1900s 1 3 21st century 2 Usage 3 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp 1898 Richardson amp Delong Bros advertisementThe hook and eye closure has a long history and is still used today primarily on bras This form of fastening first appears under the name of crochet and loop in 14th century England 1 The first reference to the modern term appears in Aubrey s Brief Lives in 1697 which describes a doublet and breeches being attached with hook and eies 2 Hooks and eyes were made by hand from wire until the town of Redditch England already famous for sewing needle manufacture was the first to machine manufacture them In 1643 a woman in the American colony of Maryland is recorded as having paid 10 worth of tobacco for hooks and eyes 3 The hook and eye played an important role in women s corsetry used in rows or as a busk they can take the stress necessary to support the bust and are used for a lady to be able to independently fasten her corset at the front rather than one s only option being to lace it at the back 1800s edit It was not until the first part of the 19th century that the industry was furthered in the United States In 1830 one of the innovators in mass producing hooks and eyes was Henry North of New Britain Connecticut he commissioned a man in Hartford named Levi Lincoln to make a machine that automated the creation of these fasteners 4 One variation of the attachment incorporates a Delong hump patented in 1889 by the Richardson amp Delong Hook and Eye Company of Philadelphia Pennsylvania This was a raised elevation or hump in the wire hook that prevented the eye from slipping out of the hook except at the will of the wearer 5 In 1893 Marie Tucek patented the Breast Supporter the first garment similar to the modern day bra which used separate pockets for the breasts and straps that went over the shoulder and fastened by hook and eye closures to the center front of the garment 6 1900s edit E C Beecher patented his hook and eye in June 1900 with the U S Patent Office in 1902 an updated version was submitted that consisted of an attachable hook and eye without any stitching required 7 A similar hook and eye for brassieres was patented in 1902 by the M E Company 8 The fasteners were eventually manufactured in the form of hook and eye tape consisting of two tapes one equipped with hooks and the other equipped with eyelets so that the two tapes could be zipped together side by side To construct the garment sections of hook and eye tape were sewn into either side of the garment closure Today this labor saving method comes on either silk or cotton tape depending on the firmness and strength needed 21st century edit To keep up with the modern machine oriented production environment hook and eye closures are sold both individually and as a ready to cut tape Ready to cut tapes are seen mostly in underwear such as bras The metal part of the closures also comes in stainless steel nylon coated wires or brass in quality products Usage editIn addition to their application on brassieres bustiers corsets and other fine lingerie a single hook and eye closure is often sewn above the top of the zipper to finish it and take stress off the fastening on a skirt dress or pants They are generally provided at one gross to a box and range in size from No 1 small to No 10 large References edit George S Cole A Complete Dictionary of Dry Goods Chicago W B Conkey company 1892 Page John Aubrey Aubrey s Brief Lives David R Godine 1999 Souder Mary Attie Notions The Ronald Press Company 1922 p 121 David N Camp 1889 History of New Britain With Sketches of Farmington and Berlin Connecticut New Britain CT William B Thompson amp Co pp 275 276 Souder Mary Attie Notions The Ronald Press Company 1922 p 120 Bellis Mary The History of the Brassiere Mary Phelps Jacob and the Brassiere about com USPTO Patent 652160 1900 June USPTO Patent 662539 1990 Nov Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hook and eye closure amp oldid 1181630363, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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