United States revenue stamp (proof) for the $2 tax on one hogshead of beer in 1867.
English philologistWalter William Skeat (1835–1912) noted the origin is to be found in the name for a cask or liquid measure appearing in various forms in Germanic languages, in Dutch oxhooft (modern okshoofd), Danish oxehoved, Old Swedish oxhuvud, etc. The Encyclopædia Britannica of 1911 conjectured that the word should therefore be "oxhead", "hogshead" being a mere corruption.[1]
Varieties and standardisationedit
"Sugar hogsheads" from Ten Views in the Island of Antigua, W. Clark, 1823, plate X.
A tobacco hogshead was used in British and American colonial times to transport and store tobacco. It was a very large wooden barrel. A standardized hogshead measured 48 inches (1.22 m) long and 30 inches (76.20 cm) in diameter at the head (at least 550 L or 121 imp gal or 145 US gal, depending on the width in the middle). Fully packed with tobacco, it weighed about 1,000 pounds (454 kg).
A hogshead in Britain contains about 300 L (66 imp gal; 79 US gal).[2]
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) notes that the hogshead was first standardized by an act of Parliament (2 Hen. 6. c. 14) in 1423, though the standards continued to vary by locality and content. For example, the OED cites an 1897 edition of Whitaker's Almanack, which specified the gallons of wine in a hogshead varying most particularly across fortified wines: claret/Madeira 46 imperial gallons (55 US gal; 209 L), port 57 imperial gallons (68 US gal; 259 L), sherry 54 imperial gallons (65 US gal; 245 L). The American Heritage Dictionary claims that a hogshead can consist of anything from (presumably) 62.5 to 140 US gallons (52 to 117 imp gal; 237 to 530 L). A hogshead of Madeira wine was approximately equal to 45–48 gallons (0.205–0.218 m3). A hogshead of brandy was approximately equal to 56–61 gallons (0.255–0.277) m3.[citation needed]
Eventually, a hogshead of wine came to be 63 US gallons (52.5 imp gal; 238.5 L), while a hogshead of beer or ale is 54 gallons (250 L if old beer/ale gallons, 245 L if imperial).
A hogshead was also used as unit of measurement for sugar in Louisiana for most of the 19th century. Plantations were listed in sugar schedules by the number of hogsheads of sugar or molasses produced. Used for sugar in the 18th & 19th centuries in the British West Indies, a hogshead weighed on average 16 cwt / 812kg. A hogshead was also used for the measurement of herring fished for sardines in Blacks Harbour, New Brunswick and Cornwall.[3][full citation needed]
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-15.
^https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0001617/18601205/057/0004?browse=true – via British Newspaper Archive. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^"English Beer and Ale Barrel". Sizes. 2002-01-23. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
December 01, 2023
hogshead, other, uses, disambiguation, hogshead, abbreviated, plural, hhds, large, cask, liquid, less, often, food, commodity, more, specifically, refers, specified, volume, measured, either, imperial, customary, measures, primarily, applied, alcoholic, bevera. For other uses see Hogshead disambiguation A hogshead abbreviated hhd plural hhds is a large cask of liquid or less often of a food commodity More specifically it refers to a specified volume measured in either imperial or US customary measures primarily applied to alcoholic beverages such as wine ale or cider A hogshead in relation to other barrels Contents 1 Etymology 2 Varieties and standardisation 3 Charts 4 See also 5 ReferencesEtymology edit nbsp United States revenue stamp proof for the 2 tax on one hogshead of beer in 1867 English philologist Walter William Skeat 1835 1912 noted the origin is to be found in the name for a cask or liquid measure appearing in various forms in Germanic languages in Dutch oxhooft modern okshoofd Danish oxehoved Old Swedish oxhuvud etc The Encyclopaedia Britannica of 1911 conjectured that the word should therefore be oxhead hogshead being a mere corruption 1 Varieties and standardisation edit nbsp Sugar hogsheads from Ten Views in the Island of Antigua W Clark 1823 plate X A tobacco hogshead was used in British and American colonial times to transport and store tobacco It was a very large wooden barrel A standardized hogshead measured 48 inches 1 22 m long and 30 inches 76 20 cm in diameter at the head at least 550 L or 121 imp gal or 145 US gal depending on the width in the middle Fully packed with tobacco it weighed about 1 000 pounds 454 kg A hogshead in Britain contains about 300 L 66 imp gal 79 US gal 2 The Oxford English Dictionary OED notes that the hogshead was first standardized by an act of Parliament 2 Hen 6 c 14 in 1423 though the standards continued to vary by locality and content For example the OED cites an 1897 edition of Whitaker s Almanack which specified the gallons of wine in a hogshead varying most particularly across fortified wines claret Madeira 46 imperial gallons 55 US gal 209 L port 57 imperial gallons 68 US gal 259 L sherry 54 imperial gallons 65 US gal 245 L The American Heritage Dictionary claims that a hogshead can consist of anything from presumably 62 5 to 140 US gallons 52 to 117 imp gal 237 to 530 L A hogshead of Madeira wine was approximately equal to 45 48 gallons 0 205 0 218 m3 A hogshead of brandy was approximately equal to 56 61 gallons 0 255 0 277 m3 citation needed Eventually a hogshead of wine came to be 63 US gallons 52 5 imp gal 238 5 L while a hogshead of beer or ale is 54 gallons 250 L if old beer ale gallons 245 L if imperial A hogshead was also used as unit of measurement for sugar in Louisiana for most of the 19th century Plantations were listed in sugar schedules by the number of hogsheads of sugar or molasses produced Used for sugar in the 18th amp 19th centuries in the British West Indies a hogshead weighed on average 16 cwt 812kg A hogshead was also used for the measurement of herring fished for sardines in Blacks Harbour New Brunswick and Cornwall 3 full citation needed Charts editEnglish wine cask units 4 gallon rundlet barrel tierce hogshead puncheon tertian pipe butt tun1 tun1 2 pipes butts1 1 1 2 3 puncheons tertians1 1 1 3 2 4 hogsheads1 1 1 2 2 3 6 tierces1 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 4 8 barrels1 1 3 4 2 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 7 14 rundlets1 18 31 1 2 42 63 84 126 252 gallons wine 3 785 68 14 119 24 158 99 238 48 317 97 476 96 953 92 litres1 15 26 1 4 35 52 1 2 70 105 210 gallons imperial 4 546 68 19 119 3 159 1 238 7 318 2 477 3 954 7 litresEnglish brewery cask units 5 gallon firkin kilderkin barrel hogshead Year designated1 hogsheads1 1 1 2 barrels1 2 3 kilderkins1 2 4 6 firkins1 8 16 32 48 ale gallons 1454 4 621 L 36 97 L 73 94 L 147 9 L 221 8 L1 9 18 36 54 beer gallons 4 621 L 41 59 L 83 18 L 166 4 L 249 5 L1 8 1 2 17 34 51 ale gallons 1688 4 621 L 39 28 L 78 56 L 157 1 L 235 7 L1 9 18 36 54 ale gallons 1803 4 621 L 41 59 L 83 18 L 166 4 L 249 5 L1 9 18 36 54 imperial gallons 1824 4 546 L 40 91 L 81 83 L 163 7 L 245 5 LSee also editEnglish units of wine casksReferences edit Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Hogshead Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 507 AP John Technical Specifications PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2011 02 15 https www britishnewspaperarchive co uk viewer BL 0001617 18601205 057 0004 browse true via British Newspaper Archive a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a Missing or empty title help wine barrel Sizes 2009 02 02 Retrieved 2018 03 27 English Beer and Ale Barrel Sizes 2002 01 23 Retrieved 2018 03 27 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hogshead amp oldid 1184909735, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
