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History of the Jews in Munich

January 01, 1970

The history of the Jews in Munich, Germany, dates back to the beginning of the 13th century. An early written reference to a Jewish presence in Munich is dated 1229, when Abraham de Munichen acted as a witness to the sale of a house in Ratisbon.

In 1210, Ludwig I, Duke of Bavaria, permitted the Jews to build a synagogue and to acquire a cemetery in 1225. The Jews’ street soon developed into a ghetto, beyond which the Jews were not permitted to live until 1440; the ghetto contained, besides the synagogue, a communal house, a ritual bath, a slaughter-house, and a hospital.

By the second half of the thirteenth century, the community had increased to 200. Bavarian Jews had loaned money to Otto I, Duke of Bavaria, around 1180 to build Landshuth, and received in return special privileges, which were confirmed by Ludwig I, who in 1230 granted them the right to elect the so-called “Jews’ judge.”

A pogrom after "a Christian child was found dead and many Jews were killed as revenge " in 1286 is commemorated by two memorial dirges (Kinnot) printed in "Gezerot Ashkenaz Vetzarfat," Haberman, 1956 and described in "Das Martyrologium des Nurnberger Memorbuches" Salfield, 1898

However, in 1442 Jews were excluded from Upper Bavaria, including Munich.

Jews only settled back in Munich at the end of the 18th century (53 in 1781, 127 in 1790). The Jewish population is estimated at around 3,500-4,000 in 1875 and around 11,000 in 1910 after the immigration of Eastern Jews following the outbreak of pogroms in Russia. By 1910, 20% of Bavaria's Jews (approximately 11,000 people) lived in the Bavarian capital.[1]

By the time the Nazis rose to national power in 1933, there were about 9,000-10,000 Jews in Munich. By May 1938, about 3,500 Jews had emigrated, ca. 3,100 of them moving abroad. By May 1939, the number of Jews in the city had further declined to 5,000. In 1944, only 7 Jews remained in Munich. During the war, about 3,000 Jews were deported, with only about 300 returning after the war.

A new community was founded in 1945, which had grown to about 3,500 by 1970. Following the emigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union after 1990, the Jewish population in Munich numbered 5,000 in 1995 and is estimated today to around 9,000, making it the second largest Jewish community in Germany after Berlin.[2]

References edit

  1. ^ "The Jewish Community of Munich". Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.
  2. ^ jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource

External links edit

Further reading edit

  • Stefan Schwarz: Die Juden in Bayern im Wandel der Zeiten, Olzog, München 1980, ISBN 3-7892-7155-1

January 01, 1970
history, jews, munich, history, jews, munich, germany, dates, back, beginning, 13th, century, early, written, reference, jewish, presence, munich, dated, 1229, when, abraham, munichen, acted, witness, sale, house, ratisbon, 1210, ludwig, duke, bavaria, permitt. The history of the Jews in Munich Germany dates back to the beginning of the 13th century An early written reference to a Jewish presence in Munich is dated 1229 when Abraham de Munichen acted as a witness to the sale of a house in Ratisbon In 1210 Ludwig I Duke of Bavaria permitted the Jews to build a synagogue and to acquire a cemetery in 1225 The Jews street soon developed into a ghetto beyond which the Jews were not permitted to live until 1440 the ghetto contained besides the synagogue a communal house a ritual bath a slaughter house and a hospital By the second half of the thirteenth century the community had increased to 200 Bavarian Jews had loaned money to Otto I Duke of Bavaria around 1180 to build Landshuth and received in return special privileges which were confirmed by Ludwig I who in 1230 granted them the right to elect the so called Jews judge A pogrom after a Christian child was found dead and many Jews were killed as revenge in 1286 is commemorated by two memorial dirges Kinnot printed in Gezerot Ashkenaz Vetzarfat Haberman 1956 and described in Das Martyrologium des Nurnberger Memorbuches Salfield 1898However in 1442 Jews were excluded from Upper Bavaria including Munich Jews only settled back in Munich at the end of the 18th century 53 in 1781 127 in 1790 The Jewish population is estimated at around 3 500 4 000 in 1875 and around 11 000 in 1910 after the immigration of Eastern Jews following the outbreak of pogroms in Russia By 1910 20 of Bavaria s Jews approximately 11 000 people lived in the Bavarian capital 1 By the time the Nazis rose to national power in 1933 there were about 9 000 10 000 Jews in Munich By May 1938 about 3 500 Jews had emigrated ca 3 100 of them moving abroad By May 1939 the number of Jews in the city had further declined to 5 000 In 1944 only 7 Jews remained in Munich During the war about 3 000 Jews were deported with only about 300 returning after the war A new community was founded in 1945 which had grown to about 3 500 by 1970 Following the emigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union after 1990 the Jewish population in Munich numbered 5 000 in 1995 and is estimated today to around 9 000 making it the second largest Jewish community in Germany after Berlin 2 References edit The Jewish Community of Munich Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot jewishvirtuallibrary org jsource Shoah Resource Center Jewish Life in Munich in German Chronology of Jews in Munich Encyclopedia Judaica Jews in Munich WWII persecution of Jews in Munich Jewish Munich German JewryExternal links editJewish Population by Cities The Jewish Community of Munich The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot Walther Weiss Collection at the Leo Baeck Institute New York contains materials on the Jewish community of Munich from 1894 1941Further reading editStefan Schwarz Die Juden in Bayern im Wandel der Zeiten Olzog Munchen 1980 ISBN 3 7892 7155 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title History of the Jews in Munich amp oldid 1165818588, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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