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Historical metrology

February 26, 2023

Historical metrology is the science that is dealing with the fundamental units of measurement, systems of units formerly in use in various countries, and the development of monetary units throughout their history.

Antiquarianism movement

The interest in historical metrology began with the early antiquarianism movement in Europe during 16th and 17th centuries, when studies of the measurement systems in various ancient cultures became common, e.g. De Mensuris et ponderibus Romanis et Graecis, published in 1533 by Georgius Agricola (1494–1555). From the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century a plethora of books, with the aims to collate and clarify the relationships between different measurement systems and compile systems used in ancient cultures as well as in modern time, were published.

Research efforts

Research efforts were later also used to investigate measurement system in certain cultures or countries. Here it is appropriate to mention Hultsch,[1] who published two monumental works, Griechische und römische Metrologie (1862) and Metrologicorum scriptorium reliquiae, collegit, recensuit, partim nunc primum edidit Fridericus Hultsch (1864/66).

Other scholars producing notable work include:

  • Aravaca y Torrent [2] (Spain, 1867),
  • Balbin [3] (Argentina, 1881),
  • Petrie[4] (London, 1883),
  • Falkman [5] (Sweden, 1884/85),
  • Ferrand[6] (Portuguese Territories of the Indian Ocean, 1920),
  • Hinz[7] (Islamic world, 1955),
  • Wu [8] (China, 1957),
  • Skinner[9] (Britain, 1967),
  • Rasmussen[10] (Denmark, 1967),
  • Zupko[11] (Britain, France and Italy, 1968–90),
  • Pankhurst[12] (Ethiopia, 1969/70),
  • Шостьин (Shostyin)[13] (Russia, 1975),
  • Witthöft[14] (Germany, 1979-1994),
  • Bogdán[15] (Hungary, 1990),
  • Charbonnier[16] (France, 1990-2006),
  • Donaldson[17] (Oman, 1994),
  • Petersen [18] (Denmark, 2002),
  • Grönros et al.[19] (Finland, 2003),
  • Seabra Lopes [20] (Portugal, 1998-2005), and
  • Connor and Simpson [21] (Scotland, 2004).

Published reports

For some countries, principal divisions of executive governments have published reports that compile formerly used weights and measures. For example, this has been done for Bolivia, Great Britain, Costa Rica, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Tanzania and the United States. In 1954, 1955,[22] and 1966, the United Nation compiled reports that were aimed at giving an overview of the non-metric units then in use in different parts of the world.[23] In 2018, the first of three volumes of the book "Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures", was published. The book addresses the myriad units of measurement that have arisen through the ages, from weights used by ancient cultures to the scientific units of the modern world.[24]

Representatives

Among the representatives of historical metrology since the second half of the 20th century may be mentioned, among others Chengluo Wu, Florian Huber, Harald Witthöft, István Bogdán, Jan Gyllenbok, Jean-Claude Hocquet, Luís Seabra Lopes, Pierre Charbonnier, Richard Keir Pethick Pankhurst, Rolf C A Rottländer, Ronald Edward Zupko and Walther Hinz.

References

  1. ^ Hultsch, Friedrich Otto. Metrologicorum scriptorium reliquiae, collegit, recensuit, partim nunc primum edidit Fridericus Hultsch. 2 volumes. 1864/1866. (Reprinted 1971 by B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart.) and Hultsch, Friedrich Otto. Griechische und Römische Metrologie. 2nd ed. Berlin: Weidmann, 1882.
  2. ^ Aravaca y Torrent, Antonio. Balanza métrica, ó sea Igualdad de las pesas y medidas legales de Castilla, las de las cuarenta y nueve provincias de España, sus posesiones de Ultramar, isla de Cuba, Puerto-Rico y Filipinas, y las de Francia, Inglaterra y Portugal: todas con el sistema métrico y viceversa ... Valencia: Impremia de José Domenech, 1867.
  3. ^ Balbin,Valentín (Departamento de ingenieros civiles). Sistema de medidas y pesas de la República Argentina. Buenos Aires: Tipografia de M. Biedma, 1881.
  4. ^ Petrie, W.M. (October 1990). The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh (PDF) (Revised ed.). USA: Field and Tuer (published 1883). ISBN 978-1-85417-051-4.
  5. ^ Falkman, Ludvig B. Om mått och vigt i Sverige: historisk framställning – Den nyare tiden från och med år 1606 till och med år 1739. Stockholm, 1885.
  6. ^ Ferrand, Gabriel. 1920: Les poids, mesures et monnaies des mers du sud aux XVIe et XVIIe siécles. Journal asiatique (11th series) 16, 5-150 and 192-312.
  7. ^ Hinz, Walther. Islamische Masse und Gewichte, umgerechnet ins metrische System. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1955; Hinz, Walther. Islamische Währungen des 11. bis 19. Jahrhunderts. Umgerechnet in Gold. Ein Beitrag zur islamischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1991.
  8. ^ Wu, Chengluo. Zhongguo dulianghengshi (xiudingben). (A history of Chinese length, capacity and weight measures (revised edition)). Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1957.
  9. ^ Skinner, Frederick George. Weights and Measures: Their Ancient Origins and Their Development in Great Britain up to AD 1855. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1967.
  10. ^ Rasmussen, Poul. Mål og Vægt. Dansk Historisk Fællesforenings Håndboger. Copenhagen: Dansk Historisk Fællesforenings, 1967.
  11. ^ Zupko, Ronald E. A Dictionary of English Weights and Measures from Anglo-Saxon Times to the Nineteenth Century. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968; British Weights and Measures: A History from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977; French Weights and Measures Before the Revolution: A Dictionary of Provincial and Local Units. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1978; Italian Weights and Measures: The Later Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: the American Philosophical Society, Memoirs #145, 1981; A Dictionary of Weights and Measures for the British Isles: The Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. Philadelphia, PA: the American Philosophical Society, Memoirs #168, 1985; Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science. Philadelphia, PA: the American Philosophical Society, Memoirs #186, 1990;1977: The Weights and Measures of Scotland before the Union. The Scottish Historical Review 56, 162, 119-145.
  12. ^ Pankhurst, Richard Keir Pethick. 1969: Preliminary History of Ethiopian Measures, Weights and Values, Journal of Ethiopian Studies 7,1, 31-54; Pankhurst, Richard Keir Pethick. 1969: Preliminary History of Ethiopian Measures, Weights and Values. Part 2, Journal of Ethiopian Studies 7,2, 99-164; Pankhurst, Richard Keir Pethick. 1970: Preliminary History of Ethiopian Measures, Weights and Values. Part 3, Journal of Ethiopian Studies 8,1, 45-85.
  13. ^ Шостьин, Н. А. Очерки истории русской метрологии XI—XIX века. [Essays on the History of Russian metrology XI-XIX century.] М.: Издательство стандартов [Moscow: Standards Publishing House], 1975.
  14. ^ Witthöft, Harald. Handbuch der Historischen Metrologie. Band 3. Deutsche Masse und Gewichte des 19. Jahrhunderts, nach Gesetzen, Verordnungen und autorisierten Publikationen deutscher Staaten, Territorien und Städte. St. Katharinen, 1994.
  15. ^ Bogdán, István. Magyarországi Hossz- és foldmértékek a XVI. század végéig. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1978; Bogdán, István. Regi magyar mértékek, Budapest. Budapest: Gondolat Zsebkönyvek, 1987. Series: Gondolat zsebkönyvek, 0133-0489; Bogdán, István. Magyarországi hossz- és földmértékek, 1601-1874. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1990. Serie: A Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai. 4, Levéltártan és történeti forrástudományok.
  16. ^ Charbonnier, Pierre. Les Anciennes Mesures Locales du Massif-Centrale, d'après les Tables de Conversion. Clermont-Ferrand: Institute d'études du Massif central, 1990; Charbonnier, Pierre. Les Anciennes Mesures Locales du Midi Méditerranéen, d'après les Tables de Conversion. Presses Universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 1994; Charbonnier, Pierre and Abel Poitrineau. Les Anciennes Mesures Locales du Centre-Ouest, d'après les Tables de Conversion. Clermont-Ferrand: Presses Universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 2001; Charbonnier, Pierre. Les anciennes mesures locales du Centre-Est d'après les tables de conversion. Clermont-Ferrand: Presses universitaires Blaise Pascal, 2006.
  17. ^ Donaldson, W. J. 1994: The pre-metric weights and measures of Oman in the 1970s. New Arabian Studies 1, 83-107, ed. Robin L. Bidwell., G. Rex Smith and R. B. Serjeant, University of Exeter Press.
  18. ^ Petersen, Kurt. Mål og vægt i Danmark. Copenhagen: Polyteknisk Forlag, 2002.
  19. ^ Grönros, Jarmo, Arja Hyvönen, Petteri Järvi, Juhani Kostet, Heikki Rntatupa, and Seija Väärä. Tiima, tiu, tynnyri miten ennen mitattiin: suomalainen mittasanakirja. 4th ed. Turku: Turun maakuntamuseo, 2005.
  20. ^ "O Moio-medida e o Moio dos Preços em Portugal nos Séculos XI a XIII", Anuario de Estudios Medievales, vol. 35 (1), Barcelona, 2005, p. 25-46; "Sistemas Legais de Medidas de Peso e Capacidade, do Condado Portucalense ao Século XVI", Portugalia, Nova Série, vol. XXIV, Porto, 2003, p. 113-164; "Medidas Portuguesas de Capacidade: duas Tradições Metrológicas em Confronto durante a Idade Média", Revista Portuguesa de História, vol. 34, 2000, Coimbra, p. 535-632; "Medidas Portuguesas de Capacidade. Do Alqueire de Coimbra de 1111 ao Sistema de Medidas de Dom Manuel", Revista Portuguesa de História, vol. 32, 1997-1998, Coimbra, p. 543-583; a more recent work: "As Pilhas de Pesos de Dom Manuel I: Contributo para a sua Caracterização, Inventariação e Avaliação", Portugalia: Nova Série, vol. 39, Universidade do Porto, 2018, p. 217-251.
  21. ^ Connor, Robert Dickson. and A. D. C. Simpson. A. D. Morrison-Low, ed. Weights and Measures in Scotland. A European Perspective. Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland and Tuckwell Press, 2004.
  22. ^ World Weights and Measures: Handbook for Statisticians, ST/STAT/SER. M/21, UN Publication No. 1955.XVII.2, New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations, 1955.
  23. ^ United Nations, Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East. Glossary of commodity terms including currencies, weights and measures used in certain countries of Asia and the Far East. New York: United Nations. Department of Economic Affairs, 1954; United Nations. Statistical Office of the United Nations in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United World Weights and Measures. Handbook for Statisticians. New York, 1955. Provisional edition. Series: Statistical papers - United Nations. M, no. 21. (ST/STAT/SER.M/21 May 1955); United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistical Office of the United Nations. World Weights and Measures. Handbook for Statisticians. Statistical Papers. New York. 1966. Series: M, no. 21 Revision 1. (ST/STAT/SER.M/21/rev.1).
  24. ^ "Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures | SpringerLink".

February 26, 2023
historical, metrology, science, that, dealing, with, fundamental, units, measurement, systems, units, formerly, various, countries, development, monetary, units, throughout, their, history, contents, antiquarianism, movement, research, efforts, published, repo. Historical metrology is the science that is dealing with the fundamental units of measurement systems of units formerly in use in various countries and the development of monetary units throughout their history Contents 1 Antiquarianism movement 2 Research efforts 3 Published reports 4 Representatives 5 ReferencesAntiquarianism movement EditThe interest in historical metrology began with the early antiquarianism movement in Europe during 16th and 17th centuries when studies of the measurement systems in various ancient cultures became common e g De Mensuris et ponderibus Romanis et Graecis published in 1533 by Georgius Agricola 1494 1555 From the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century a plethora of books with the aims to collate and clarify the relationships between different measurement systems and compile systems used in ancient cultures as well as in modern time were published Research efforts EditResearch efforts were later also used to investigate measurement system in certain cultures or countries Here it is appropriate to mention Hultsch 1 who published two monumental works Griechische und romische Metrologie 1862 and Metrologicorum scriptorium reliquiae collegit recensuit partim nunc primum edidit Fridericus Hultsch 1864 66 Other scholars producing notable work include Aravaca y Torrent 2 Spain 1867 Balbin 3 Argentina 1881 Petrie 4 London 1883 Falkman 5 Sweden 1884 85 Ferrand 6 Portuguese Territories of the Indian Ocean 1920 Hinz 7 Islamic world 1955 Wu 8 China 1957 Skinner 9 Britain 1967 Rasmussen 10 Denmark 1967 Zupko 11 Britain France and Italy 1968 90 Pankhurst 12 Ethiopia 1969 70 Shostin Shostyin 13 Russia 1975 Witthoft 14 Germany 1979 1994 Bogdan 15 Hungary 1990 Charbonnier 16 France 1990 2006 Donaldson 17 Oman 1994 Petersen 18 Denmark 2002 Gronros et al 19 Finland 2003 Seabra Lopes 20 Portugal 1998 2005 and Connor and Simpson 21 Scotland 2004 Published reports EditFor some countries principal divisions of executive governments have published reports that compile formerly used weights and measures For example this has been done for Bolivia Great Britain Costa Rica Mexico Portugal Spain Tanzania and the United States In 1954 1955 22 and 1966 the United Nation compiled reports that were aimed at giving an overview of the non metric units then in use in different parts of the world 23 In 2018 the first of three volumes of the book Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology Weights and Measures was published The book addresses the myriad units of measurement that have arisen through the ages from weights used by ancient cultures to the scientific units of the modern world 24 Representatives EditAmong the representatives of historical metrology since the second half of the 20th century may be mentioned among others Chengluo Wu Florian Huber Harald Witthoft Istvan Bogdan Jan Gyllenbok Jean Claude Hocquet Luis Seabra Lopes Pierre Charbonnier Richard Keir Pethick Pankhurst Rolf C A Rottlander Ronald Edward Zupko and Walther Hinz References Edit Hultsch Friedrich Otto Metrologicorum scriptorium reliquiae collegit recensuit partim nunc primum edidit Fridericus Hultsch 2 volumes 1864 1866 Reprinted 1971 by B G Teubner Stuttgart and Hultsch Friedrich Otto Griechische und Romische Metrologie 2nd ed Berlin Weidmann 1882 Aravaca y Torrent Antonio Balanza metrica o sea Igualdad de las pesas y medidas legales de Castilla las de las cuarenta y nueve provincias de Espana sus posesiones de Ultramar isla de Cuba Puerto Rico y Filipinas y las de Francia Inglaterra y Portugal todas con el sistema metrico y viceversa Valencia Impremia de Jose Domenech 1867 Balbin Valentin Departamento de ingenieros civiles Sistema de medidas y pesas de la Republica Argentina Buenos Aires Tipografia de M Biedma 1881 Petrie W M October 1990 The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh PDF Revised ed USA Field and Tuer published 1883 ISBN 978 1 85417 051 4 Falkman Ludvig B Om matt och vigt i Sverige historisk framstallning Den nyare tiden fran och med ar 1606 till och med ar 1739 Stockholm 1885 Ferrand Gabriel 1920 Les poids mesures et monnaies des mers du sud aux XVIe et XVIIe siecles Journal asiatique 11th series 16 5 150 and 192 312 Hinz Walther Islamische Masse und Gewichte umgerechnet ins metrische System Leiden E J Brill 1955 Hinz Walther Islamische Wahrungen des 11 bis 19 Jahrhunderts Umgerechnet in Gold Ein Beitrag zur islamischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1991 Wu Chengluo Zhongguo dulianghengshi xiudingben A history of Chinese length capacity and weight measures revised edition Shanghai Shangwu yinshuguan 1957 Skinner Frederick George Weights and Measures Their Ancient Origins and Their Development in Great Britain up to AD 1855 London Her Majesty s Stationery Office 1967 Rasmussen Poul Mal og Vaegt Dansk Historisk Faellesforenings Handboger Copenhagen Dansk Historisk Faellesforenings 1967 Zupko Ronald E A Dictionary of English Weights and Measures from Anglo Saxon Times to the Nineteenth Century Madison WI University of Wisconsin Press 1968 British Weights and Measures A History from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century Madison WI University of Wisconsin Press 1977 French Weights and Measures Before the Revolution A Dictionary of Provincial and Local Units Bloomington IN Indiana University Press 1978 Italian Weights and Measures The Later Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century Philadelphia PA the American Philosophical Society Memoirs 145 1981 A Dictionary of Weights and Measures for the British Isles The Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century Philadelphia PA the American Philosophical Society Memoirs 168 1985 Revolution in Measurement Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science Philadelphia PA the American Philosophical Society Memoirs 186 1990 1977 The Weights and Measures of Scotland before the Union The Scottish Historical Review 56 162 119 145 Pankhurst Richard Keir Pethick 1969 Preliminary History of Ethiopian Measures Weights and Values Journal of Ethiopian Studies 7 1 31 54 Pankhurst Richard Keir Pethick 1969 Preliminary History of Ethiopian Measures Weights and Values Part 2 Journal of Ethiopian Studies 7 2 99 164 Pankhurst Richard Keir Pethick 1970 Preliminary History of Ethiopian Measures Weights and Values Part 3 Journal of Ethiopian Studies 8 1 45 85 Shostin N A Ocherki istorii russkoj metrologii XI XIX veka Essays on the History of Russian metrology XI XIX century M Izdatelstvo standartov Moscow Standards Publishing House 1975 Witthoft Harald Handbuch der Historischen Metrologie Band 3 Deutsche Masse und Gewichte des 19 Jahrhunderts nach Gesetzen Verordnungen und autorisierten Publikationen deutscher Staaten Territorien und Stadte St Katharinen 1994 Bogdan Istvan Magyarorszagi Hossz es foldmertekek a XVI szazad vegeig Budapest Akademiai Kiado 1978 Bogdan Istvan Regi magyar mertekek Budapest Budapest Gondolat Zsebkonyvek 1987 Series Gondolat zsebkonyvek 0133 0489 Bogdan Istvan Magyarorszagi hossz es foldmertekek 1601 1874 Budapest Akademiai Kiado 1990 Serie A Magyar Orszagos Leveltar kiadvanyai 4 Leveltartan es torteneti forrastudomanyok Charbonnier Pierre Les Anciennes Mesures Locales du Massif Centrale d apres les Tables de Conversion Clermont Ferrand Institute d etudes du Massif central 1990 Charbonnier Pierre Les Anciennes Mesures Locales du Midi Mediterraneen d apres les Tables de Conversion Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal 1994 Charbonnier Pierre and Abel Poitrineau Les Anciennes Mesures Locales du Centre Ouest d apres les Tables de Conversion Clermont Ferrand Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal 2001 Charbonnier Pierre Les anciennes mesures locales du Centre Est d apres les tables de conversion Clermont Ferrand Presses universitaires Blaise Pascal 2006 Donaldson W J 1994 The pre metric weights and measures of Oman in the 1970s New Arabian Studies 1 83 107 ed Robin L Bidwell G Rex Smith and R B Serjeant University of Exeter Press Petersen Kurt Mal og vaegt i Danmark Copenhagen Polyteknisk Forlag 2002 Gronros Jarmo Arja Hyvonen Petteri Jarvi Juhani Kostet Heikki Rntatupa and Seija Vaara Tiima tiu tynnyri miten ennen mitattiin suomalainen mittasanakirja 4th ed Turku Turun maakuntamuseo 2005 O Moio medida e o Moio dos Precos em Portugal nos Seculos XI a XIII Anuario de Estudios Medievales vol 35 1 Barcelona 2005 p 25 46 Sistemas Legais de Medidas de Peso e Capacidade do Condado Portucalense ao Seculo XVI Portugalia Nova Serie vol XXIV Porto 2003 p 113 164 Medidas Portuguesas de Capacidade duas Tradicoes Metrologicas em Confronto durante a Idade Media Revista Portuguesa de Historia vol 34 2000 Coimbra p 535 632 Medidas Portuguesas de Capacidade Do Alqueire de Coimbra de 1111 ao Sistema de Medidas de Dom Manuel Revista Portuguesa de Historia vol 32 1997 1998 Coimbra p 543 583 a more recent work As Pilhas de Pesos de Dom Manuel I Contributo para a sua Caracterizacao Inventariacao e Avaliacao Portugalia Nova Serie vol 39 Universidade do Porto 2018 p 217 251 Connor Robert Dickson and A D C Simpson A D Morrison Low ed Weights and Measures in Scotland A European Perspective Edinburgh National Museums of Scotland and Tuckwell Press 2004 World Weights and Measures Handbook for Statisticians ST STAT SER M 21 UN Publication No 1955 XVII 2 New York Statistical Office of the United Nations 1955 United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East Glossary of commodity terms including currencies weights and measures used in certain countries of Asia and the Far East New York United Nations Department of Economic Affairs 1954 United Nations Statistical Office of the United Nations in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United World Weights and Measures Handbook for Statisticians New York 1955 Provisional edition Series Statistical papers United Nations M no 21 ST STAT SER M 21 May 1955 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistical Office of the United Nations World Weights and Measures Handbook for Statisticians Statistical Papers New York 1966 Series M no 21 Revision 1 ST STAT SER M 21 rev 1 Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology Weights and Measures SpringerLink Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Historical metrology amp oldid 1090147092, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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