High Force is a waterfall on the River Tees, near Middleton-in-Teesdale, Teesdale, England.[1] The waterfall is within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and the European Geopark. The whole of the River Tees plunges 70 feet (21 m)[2] over a precipice (an almost vertical cliff edge) in two stages. After heavy rainfall the river will also flow over the usually dry right-hand side channel, creating two falls. Very occasionally the river level will be high enough to flow over the central section of rock; the last recorded time this happened was in December 2015 after Storm Desmond. In harsh winters the falls have been known to freeze, creating cathedral-like ice formations.[3]
Access to the northern bank is via a private footpath on the Raby estate for which a fee is charged. The southern bank can be reached free of charge via the Pennine Way public footpath which crosses the Moor House-Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve.
A view including the now rarely seen second fall on the rightStorm conditions in 1968
High Force was formed where the River Tees crosses the Whin Sill – a hard layer of igneous rock (also seen at Hadrian's Wall and other locations). The waterfall itself consists of three different types of rock. The upper band is made up of whinstone, or dolerite, a hard igneous rock which the waterfall takes a lot of time to erode. The lower section is made up of Carboniferous Limestone, a softer rock which is more easily worn away by the waterfall. Between these two layers is a thinner layer of Carboniferous sandstone, which was baked hard when the Whin Sill was molten 295 million years ago. The wearing away of rock means that the waterfall is slowly moving upstream, leaving a narrow, deep gorge in front of it. The length of the gorge is currently about 700 metres (2,300 ft). The bed load (rocks that the river is carrying) is mainly composed of large boulders, which are rolled along the river bed. Upstream of the waterfall, the river is narrow; downstream, it widens and meanders.
Relative heightedit
Despite popular belief that it is the highest waterfall in England,[4] at 71 feet (22 m), others have a longer fall: Cautley Spout, in Cumbria's Howgill Fells, is almost 590 feet (180 m) high, and Hardraw Force, in North Yorkshire, has an unbroken drop of 98 feet (30 m). Underground, on the flanks of Ingleborough, Fell Beck falls an unbroken 315 feet (96 m) down the Jib Tunnel of Gaping Gill Hole. However, High Force does have the largest volume of water falling over an unbroken drop when in full spate, thereby earning its Nordic name "High Fosse".
In popular cultureedit
Stock footage of the waterfalls was featured in the film Mackenna's Gold. Although the story of the film is supposed to occur in the American Southwest, stock footage of High Force was used.[5] High Force also appeared in Emmerdale[6] in 2021.
Notable visitorsedit
The painter J. M. W. Turner arrived at High Force at 10:00 a.m. on 3 August 1816 to sketch the scene. He then travelled upstream to Cauldron Snout and eventually made his way to Dufton, across the fells, in inclement weather.[7]
Arthur Young came with his wife on horseback from Durham in 1771 and made the following comment:[8]
The whole river (no trifling one) divided by one rock into two vast torrents pours down a perpendicular precipice of near fourscore feet: The deluging force of the water throws up such a foam and misty rain, that the sun never shines without a large and brilliant rainbow appearing... After preaching at Cuthberton and in Teesdale, I went a little out of my way, to see one of the wonders of nature. The river Tees rushes down between two rocks, and falls sixty feet perpendicular into a basin of water sixty feet deep ...
Referencesedit
^"High Force, Low Force and the River Tees from Bowlees". Walking Britain. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
^"IMDb - Filming Locations for Mackenna's Gold movie". IMDb. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
^Scott, Jim (20 October 2021). "This County Durham landmark appeared in dramatic ITV episode last night - and people are loving it". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
^Dixon, Christine (2008). Turner to Monet: The Triumph of Landscape Painting. National Gallery of Australia. p. 104. ISBN978-0-64-254163-5.
^Myers, Alan (1995). Myers' Literary Guide: The North East. Mid Northumberland Arts Group. p. 94. ISBN9781857541991.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to High Force.
North Pennines National Landscape
Walk to High Force
January 01, 1970
high, force, waterfall, river, tees, near, middleton, teesdale, teesdale, england, waterfall, within, north, pennines, area, outstanding, natural, beauty, aonb, european, geopark, whole, river, tees, plunges, feet, over, precipice, almost, vertical, cliff, edg. High Force is a waterfall on the River Tees near Middleton in Teesdale Teesdale England 1 The waterfall is within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty AONB and the European Geopark The whole of the River Tees plunges 70 feet 21 m 2 over a precipice an almost vertical cliff edge in two stages After heavy rainfall the river will also flow over the usually dry right hand side channel creating two falls Very occasionally the river level will be high enough to flow over the central section of rock the last recorded time this happened was in December 2015 after Storm Desmond In harsh winters the falls have been known to freeze creating cathedral like ice formations 3 High ForceHigh ForceLocationMiddleton in Teesdale County Durham EnglandCoordinates54 39 1 N 2 11 15 W 54 65028 N 2 18750 W 54 65028 2 18750TypeCurtainTotal height21 m Access to the northern bank is via a private footpath on the Raby estate for which a fee is charged The southern bank can be reached free of charge via the Pennine Way public footpath which crosses the Moor House Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve Contents 1 Geology 2 Relative height 3 In popular culture 4 Notable visitors 5 References 6 External linksGeology edit nbsp A view including the now rarely seen second fall on the right nbsp Storm conditions in 1968 High Force was formed where the River Tees crosses the Whin Sill a hard layer of igneous rock also seen at Hadrian s Wall and other locations The waterfall itself consists of three different types of rock The upper band is made up of whinstone or dolerite a hard igneous rock which the waterfall takes a lot of time to erode The lower section is made up of Carboniferous Limestone a softer rock which is more easily worn away by the waterfall Between these two layers is a thinner layer of Carboniferous sandstone which was baked hard when the Whin Sill was molten 295 million years ago The wearing away of rock means that the waterfall is slowly moving upstream leaving a narrow deep gorge in front of it The length of the gorge is currently about 700 metres 2 300 ft The bed load rocks that the river is carrying is mainly composed of large boulders which are rolled along the river bed Upstream of the waterfall the river is narrow downstream it widens and meanders Relative height editDespite popular belief that it is the highest waterfall in England 4 at 71 feet 22 m others have a longer fall Cautley Spout in Cumbria s Howgill Fells is almost 590 feet 180 m high and Hardraw Force in North Yorkshire has an unbroken drop of 98 feet 30 m Underground on the flanks of Ingleborough Fell Beck falls an unbroken 315 feet 96 m down the Jib Tunnel of Gaping Gill Hole However High Force does have the largest volume of water falling over an unbroken drop when in full spate thereby earning its Nordic name High Fosse In popular culture editStock footage of the waterfalls was featured in the film Mackenna s Gold Although the story of the film is supposed to occur in the American Southwest stock footage of High Force was used 5 High Force also appeared in Emmerdale 6 in 2021 Notable visitors editThe painter J M W Turner arrived at High Force at 10 00 a m on 3 August 1816 to sketch the scene He then travelled upstream to Cauldron Snout and eventually made his way to Dufton across the fells in inclement weather 7 Arthur Young came with his wife on horseback from Durham in 1771 and made the following comment 8 The whole river no trifling one divided by one rock into two vast torrents pours down a perpendicular precipice of near fourscore feet The deluging force of the water throws up such a foam and misty rain that the sun never shines without a large and brilliant rainbow appearing After preaching at Cuthberton and in Teesdale I went a little out of my way to see one of the wonders of nature The river Tees rushes down between two rocks and falls sixty feet perpendicular into a basin of water sixty feet deep References edit High Force Low Force and the River Tees from Bowlees Walking Britain Retrieved 28 June 2015 BBC Seven Wonders High Force Jackson Michael 1979 Exploring England Collins p 102 ISBN 9780831757731 Wainwright Alfred 1985 Wainwright on the Pennine Way Michael Joseph p 114 ISBN 9780718124298 IMDb Filming Locations for Mackenna s Gold movie IMDb Retrieved 12 July 2016 Scott Jim 20 October 2021 This County Durham landmark appeared in dramatic ITV episode last night and people are loving it The Northern Echo Retrieved 6 June 2022 Dixon Christine 2008 Turner to Monet The Triumph of Landscape Painting National Gallery of Australia p 104 ISBN 978 0 64 254163 5 Myers Alan 1995 Myers Literary Guide The North East Mid Northumberland Arts Group p 94 ISBN 9781857541991 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to High Force North Pennines National Landscape Walk to High Force Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title High Force amp oldid 1221880870, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
