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Hieronymus Vietor

January 01, 1970

Hieronymus Vietor (c. 1480, in Liebenthal (now Lubomierz) Silesia – late 1546 or early 1547, in Kraków)[2] was a printer and publisher born in Silesia and active in Vienna and Kraków. Famous for the quality and quantity of his prints, he is considered one of the most important early book printers in Poland, also because he was the first to regularly print in Polish.[3] He is also known as Hieronymus Philovallensis (a latinization of the name of his birthplace, Lubomierz/Liebenthal) or Hieronymus Doliarius, or in Polish as Hieronim Wietor or Büttner.

Printer's mark of Vietor as it appears in a print of Georg Ebner's Dialogus Philosophie de ritu omni verborum venustate editus, printed by Vietor in Vienna in 1513.[1]

Life edit

Hieronymus' birthname was Büttner, sometimes also given as Binder or Pinder.[4] As son of Augustin Büttner, Hieronymus was born about 1480 in Liebenthal, today Lubomierz. In 1497, he was immatriculated at the Jagellonian University at Kraków,[4] where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts two years later.[3] Subsequently, he worked as a bookbinder and learned the trade and the art of book printing probably in the printing shop of Johannes Haller. In 1505, his name appears on a list of bookbinders of Kraków.[2][4]

In 1508 Vietor moved to Vienna, where he worked for one year in the print shop of Johannes Winterburger.[4] [note 1] He printed Paulus of Krosno's Pangyrici ad divum Ladislaum Pannoniae while at Winterburger's.[4] In 1510 he opened his own print shop,[4] the first work being Joachim Vadian's edition of Parvulus philosophie naturalis of Petrus Dresdensis, completed on August 16, 1510.[6][note 2]

From September 1510 to December 1514, Vietor formed a partnership with the printer Johannes Singriener. Subsequently Vietor again had his own print shop, located in 1516 at the Weihenburggasse in Vienna.[5] Throughout his time in Vienna, he maintained his contacts to Kraków, such as to bookseller Markus Scharffenberg,[4] and courted the nobles of Kraków. In 1515, he presented king Sigismund I with a dedicated copy of Joachim Vadian's Oratio coram invictissimo Sigismundo Rege Poloniae. In 1517 Vietor returned to Kraków and opened his own printing shop there. His shop in Vienna was continued by his brother Benedict Büttner until 1523.[2][4]

The first book printed in his new Kraków shop was Querela pacis of Erasmus of Rotterdam, which appeared on March 30, 1518.[4] Initially, most of Vietor's prints were distributed through the bookshop of Markus Scharffenberg.[2] In 1523 or early 1524, Vietor was granted a printing privilege for king Sigsmund's Constitution,[2][4] and in 1527, he was named royal printer.[2]

The competition in the printing business at Kraków at that time was fierce,[2][4] and Vietor got into conflicts with other printers over printing rights several times. In 1527, Vietor managed to gain a printing privilege for calendars, an important income source, for ten years. After that, the privilege should fall to fellow printer Matthias Scharffenberg. When Vietor printed a calendar in 1538 all the same and Markus Scharffenberg distributed it, Matthias Scharffenberg, a relative of Marcus, took them to court, and won.[2][4]

In 1536 Vietor got into conflict with the Catholic church. Vietor was a humanist, open to new ideas, and not afraid to publish works about such novelties, including new religious ideas, although he himself was never openly Protestant. He was accused and arrested for having imported and distributed "heretical" books with images that "offended" the Church.[8] The precise history of this process is not known; in any case Vietor came out of it unscathed. It appears that he had had to reaffirm his Catholic faith before the bishop, though.[4][note 3]

Vietor's death date is not known precisely, but it must have been between September 25, 1546 (last mention in the acts of the vicariate of Kraków) and March 21, 1547, when his wife is mentioned as a widow.[2]

Vietor was married twice. From his first marriage to Apolonia, he had one son (Florian Vietor, died 1532). After her death, he married again; with his second wife Barbara, he had five daughters, four of which died in infancy.[4] After Vietor's death, Barbara married his apprentice Łazarz Andrysowicz (Lazarus Andrea),[2] who continued the business and who would become famous in his own right.[9] Their son Jan Łazarzowicz Januszowsky (Johannes Lazarides Janussovius) would become known as a printer and writer, too.[10]

Works edit

Vietor was a most prolific printer: the output of his print shop in Kraków from 1518 to 1547 numbers more than 600 prints.[3][4] Most of these prints were in Latin, but Vietor was also the first printer to print regularly in Polish, which accounts for 10-15% of his output. He also printed a number of multilingual works (Latin, Polish, and German).[3] Vietor printed parts of the Bible in Polish, but also humanist works, for instance of Erasmus of Rotterdam, and a number of Polish grammars and dictionaries. Printing in Polish instead of in Latin made these works readily accessible to a much larger sector of the population.[3]

His prints were of high quality; he possessed very good typefaces, including Greek ones,[2] and typefaces for printing sheet music.[11] Experts attest Vietor's prints a high level of quality, also in comparison to other European printers of the time.[12]

See also edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ German and Polish historians differ on the precise sequence of events. According to German references, Vietor was still owner of a bookshop at Kraków in 1510, and had the Pangyrici... printed by Winterburger in Vienna and only later established himself as a printer in Vienna.[5][6] They agree that he opened his own shop in Vienna in 1510 and printed the Parvulus philosophie naturalis there.[2]
  2. ^ Vietor wrote his impressum as "Excusa sunt haec Viennae per Hieronymu[m] Vietoris Philoualle[m]. xvii. Kal. Sep. Anno. M.D.X."[6][7] The Roman date "xvii Kal. Sep." is the 17th day before the Calends of September, counting inclusively, i.e., August 16.
  3. ^ Protestant prince Albrecht von Hohenzollern consulted Vietor for help in establishing a Protestant print shop at Königsberg.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ Mayer, Anton, Wiens Buchdruckergeschichte 1482 - 1882, Band 1 : 1482–1682, Vienna 1883, p. 32. URL last accessed 2012-11-14.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Tyszkowska, Bogusława : Hieronim Wietor - drukarz z Lubomierza, 2009. URL last accessed 2012-11-11.
  3. ^ a b c d e Drewelowsky, André: "Die lateinisch-polnische-deutschen Ausgaben der »Disticha Catonis«", pp. 363–407, on Vietor pp. 371ff. In Baldzuhn, Michael, Putzo, Christine (eds.), Mehrsprachigkeit im Mittelalter, de Gruyter 2011. ISBN 978-3-11-025480-8.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kopeć, Grzegorz: Wietor Hieronim, Słownik Biograficzny Ziemi Jeleniogórskiej, 2009. URL last accessed 2012-11-11
  5. ^ a b Mayer, Anton (1895), "Vietor, Hieronymus", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 39, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 686–687
  6. ^ a b c Reske, Christoph: Die Buchdrucker des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts im deutschen Sprachgebiet, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-447-05450-8, p. 965f.
  7. ^ Parvulus philosophie naturalis, impressum. URLs last accessed 2012-11-11.
  8. ^ a b Kiliańczyk-Zięba, Justyna: "The Devices of Protestant Printers in Sixteenth-Century Krakow", pp. 178–198 in Walsby, Malcolm; Kemp, Graeme (eds.): The Book Triumphant, Leiden, 2011, ISBN 978-9004207233; here p.179.
  9. ^ Grässe, Johann Georg Theodor: Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literärgeschichte, Vol. 3, Leipzig 1832, p. 273. URL last accessed 2012-11-11.
  10. ^ Siarczyński, Franciszek: Obraz wieku panowania Zygmunta III, Lwow 1828, p. 188f. URL last accessed 2012-11-11.
  11. ^ Schwider, Damian J.: Mikołaj Zieleński: ein polnischer Komponist an der Wende des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts, Munich, 2009, p. 51. ISBN 978-3-8316-0819-5.
  12. ^ Lambrecht, Karen: "Kulturtransfer und Kommunikation", pp. 85–99 (here p. 86) in Langer, Andrea; Michels, Georg (eds.): Metropolen und Kulturtransfer im 15./16. Jahrhundert, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-515-07860-6.

Literature edit

  • Kawecka-Gryczowa, Alodia; Mańkowska, Anna: "Wietor Hieronim", pp. 325–357 in Drukarze dawnej Polski od XV do XVIII wieku, volume I, "Malopolska", part I, "Wiek XV–XVI"; Wrocław, 1983. ISBN 8304016281.
  • Świerk, Alfred: "Hieronymus Vietor (Wietor) – ein Pionier des polnischen Buchdrucks im 16. Jahrhundert", p. 194–199 in Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 51, 1976. ISSN 0072-9094.

External links edit

  • Collection of books printed by Hieronymus Vietor in digital library Polona

January 01, 1970
hieronymus, vietor, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, polish, december, 2021, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, polish, article, machine, translation, like, d. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish December 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Polish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 473 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Wikipedia article at pl Hieronim Wietor see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated pl Hieronim Wietor to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Hieronymus Vietor c 1480 in Liebenthal now Lubomierz Silesia late 1546 or early 1547 in Krakow 2 was a printer and publisher born in Silesia and active in Vienna and Krakow Famous for the quality and quantity of his prints he is considered one of the most important early book printers in Poland also because he was the first to regularly print in Polish 3 He is also known as Hieronymus Philovallensis a latinization of the name of his birthplace Lubomierz Liebenthal or Hieronymus Doliarius or in Polish as Hieronim Wietor or Buttner Printer s mark of Vietor as it appears in a print of Georg Ebner s Dialogus Philosophie de ritu omni verborum venustate editus printed by Vietor in Vienna in 1513 1 Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 References 6 Literature 7 External linksLife editHieronymus birthname was Buttner sometimes also given as Binder or Pinder 4 As son of Augustin Buttner Hieronymus was born about 1480 in Liebenthal today Lubomierz In 1497 he was immatriculated at the Jagellonian University at Krakow 4 where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts two years later 3 Subsequently he worked as a bookbinder and learned the trade and the art of book printing probably in the printing shop of Johannes Haller In 1505 his name appears on a list of bookbinders of Krakow 2 4 In 1508 Vietor moved to Vienna where he worked for one year in the print shop of Johannes Winterburger 4 note 1 He printed Paulus of Krosno s Pangyrici ad divum Ladislaum Pannoniae while at Winterburger s 4 In 1510 he opened his own print shop 4 the first work being Joachim Vadian s edition of Parvulus philosophie naturalis of Petrus Dresdensis completed on August 16 1510 6 note 2 From September 1510 to December 1514 Vietor formed a partnership with the printer Johannes Singriener Subsequently Vietor again had his own print shop located in 1516 at the Weihenburggasse in Vienna 5 Throughout his time in Vienna he maintained his contacts to Krakow such as to bookseller Markus Scharffenberg 4 and courted the nobles of Krakow In 1515 he presented king Sigismund I with a dedicated copy of Joachim Vadian s Oratio coram invictissimo Sigismundo Rege Poloniae In 1517 Vietor returned to Krakow and opened his own printing shop there His shop in Vienna was continued by his brother Benedict Buttner until 1523 2 4 The first book printed in his new Krakow shop was Querela pacis of Erasmus of Rotterdam which appeared on March 30 1518 4 Initially most of Vietor s prints were distributed through the bookshop of Markus Scharffenberg 2 In 1523 or early 1524 Vietor was granted a printing privilege for king Sigsmund s Constitution 2 4 and in 1527 he was named royal printer 2 The competition in the printing business at Krakow at that time was fierce 2 4 and Vietor got into conflicts with other printers over printing rights several times In 1527 Vietor managed to gain a printing privilege for calendars an important income source for ten years After that the privilege should fall to fellow printer Matthias Scharffenberg When Vietor printed a calendar in 1538 all the same and Markus Scharffenberg distributed it Matthias Scharffenberg a relative of Marcus took them to court and won 2 4 In 1536 Vietor got into conflict with the Catholic church Vietor was a humanist open to new ideas and not afraid to publish works about such novelties including new religious ideas although he himself was never openly Protestant He was accused and arrested for having imported and distributed heretical books with images that offended the Church 8 The precise history of this process is not known in any case Vietor came out of it unscathed It appears that he had had to reaffirm his Catholic faith before the bishop though 4 note 3 Vietor s death date is not known precisely but it must have been between September 25 1546 last mention in the acts of the vicariate of Krakow and March 21 1547 when his wife is mentioned as a widow 2 Vietor was married twice From his first marriage to Apolonia he had one son Florian Vietor died 1532 After her death he married again with his second wife Barbara he had five daughters four of which died in infancy 4 After Vietor s death Barbara married his apprentice Lazarz Andrysowicz Lazarus Andrea 2 who continued the business and who would become famous in his own right 9 Their son Jan Lazarzowicz Januszowsky Johannes Lazarides Janussovius would become known as a printer and writer too 10 Works editVietor was a most prolific printer the output of his print shop in Krakow from 1518 to 1547 numbers more than 600 prints 3 4 Most of these prints were in Latin but Vietor was also the first printer to print regularly in Polish which accounts for 10 15 of his output He also printed a number of multilingual works Latin Polish and German 3 Vietor printed parts of the Bible in Polish but also humanist works for instance of Erasmus of Rotterdam and a number of Polish grammars and dictionaries Printing in Polish instead of in Latin made these works readily accessible to a much larger sector of the population 3 His prints were of high quality he possessed very good typefaces including Greek ones 2 and typefaces for printing sheet music 11 Experts attest Vietor s prints a high level of quality also in comparison to other European printers of the time 12 See also editHistory of printing in Poland List of Polish printersFootnotes edit German and Polish historians differ on the precise sequence of events According to German references Vietor was still owner of a bookshop at Krakow in 1510 and had the Pangyrici printed by Winterburger in Vienna and only later established himself as a printer in Vienna 5 6 They agree that he opened his own shop in Vienna in 1510 and printed the Parvulus philosophie naturalis there 2 Vietor wrote his impressum as Excusa sunt haec Viennae per Hieronymu m Vietoris Philoualle m xvii Kal Sep Anno M D X 6 7 The Roman date xvii Kal Sep is the 17th day before the Calends of September counting inclusively i e August 16 Protestant prince Albrecht von Hohenzollern consulted Vietor for help in establishing a Protestant print shop at Konigsberg 8 References edit Mayer Anton Wiens Buchdruckergeschichte 1482 1882 Band 1 1482 1682 Vienna 1883 p 32 URL last accessed 2012 11 14 a b c d e f g h i j k l Tyszkowska Boguslawa Hieronim Wietor drukarz z Lubomierza 2009 URL last accessed 2012 11 11 a b c d e Drewelowsky Andre Die lateinisch polnische deutschen Ausgaben der Disticha Catonis pp 363 407 on Vietor pp 371ff In Baldzuhn Michael Putzo Christine eds Mehrsprachigkeit im Mittelalter de Gruyter 2011 ISBN 978 3 11 025480 8 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kopec Grzegorz Wietor Hieronim Slownik Biograficzny Ziemi Jeleniogorskiej 2009 URL last accessed 2012 11 11 a b Mayer Anton 1895 Vietor Hieronymus Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie in German vol 39 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 686 687 a b c Reske Christoph Die Buchdrucker des 16 und 17 Jahrhunderts im deutschen Sprachgebiet Wiesbaden 2007 ISBN 978 3 447 05450 8 p 965f Parvulus philosophie naturalis impressum URLs last accessed 2012 11 11 a b Kilianczyk Zieba Justyna The Devices of Protestant Printers in Sixteenth Century Krakow pp 178 198 in Walsby Malcolm Kemp Graeme eds The Book Triumphant Leiden 2011 ISBN 978 9004207233 here p 179 Grasse Johann Georg Theodor Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literargeschichte Vol 3 Leipzig 1832 p 273 URL last accessed 2012 11 11 Siarczynski Franciszek Obraz wieku panowania Zygmunta III Lwow 1828 p 188f URL last accessed 2012 11 11 Schwider Damian J Mikolaj Zielenski ein polnischer Komponist an der Wende des 16 und 17 Jahrhunderts Munich 2009 p 51 ISBN 978 3 8316 0819 5 Lambrecht Karen Kulturtransfer und Kommunikation pp 85 99 here p 86 in Langer Andrea Michels Georg eds Metropolen und Kulturtransfer im 15 16 Jahrhundert Stuttgart 2001 ISBN 3 515 07860 6 Literature editKawecka Gryczowa Alodia Mankowska Anna Wietor Hieronim pp 325 357 in Drukarze dawnej Polski od XV do XVIII wieku volume I Malopolska part I Wiek XV XVI Wroclaw 1983 ISBN 8304016281 Swierk Alfred Hieronymus Vietor Wietor ein Pionier des polnischen Buchdrucks im 16 Jahrhundert p 194 199 in Gutenberg Jahrbuch 51 1976 ISSN 0072 9094 External links editCollection of books printed by Hieronymus Vietor in digital library Polona Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hieronymus Vietor amp oldid 1078770354, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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