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Hidden states of matter

April 28, 2024

A hidden state of matter is a state of matter which cannot be reached under ergodic conditions, and is therefore distinct from known thermodynamic phases of the material.[1][2] Examples exist in condensed matter systems, and are typically reached by the non-ergodic conditions created through laser photo excitation.[3] [4] Short-lived hidden states of matter have also been reported in crystals using lasers. Recently a persistent hidden state was discovered in a crystal of Tantalum(IV) sulfide (TaS2), where the state is stable at low temperatures.[2] A hidden state of matter is not to be confused with hidden order, which exists in equilibrium, but is not immediately apparent or easily observed.

Using ultrashort laser pulses impinging on solid state matter,[3] the system may be knocked out of equilibrium so that not only are the individual subsystems out of equilibrium with each other but also internally. Under such conditions, new states of matter may be created which are not otherwise reachable under equilibrium, ergodic system evolution. Such states are usually unstable and decay very rapidly, typically in nanoseconds or less.[4] The difficulty is in distinguishing a genuine hidden state from one which is simply out of thermal equilibrium.[5]

Probably the first instance of a photoinduced state is described for the organic molecular compound TTF-CA, which turns from neutral to ionic species as a result of excitation by laser pulses.[4][6][7] However, a similar transformation is also possible by the application of pressure, so strictly speaking the photoinduced transition is not to a hidden state under the definition given in the introductory paragraph. A few further examples are given in ref.[4] Photoexcitation has been shown to produce persistent states in vanadates[8][9] and manganite materials,[10][11] [12] leading to filamentary paths of a modified charge ordered phase which is sustained by a passing current. Transient superconductivity was also reported in cuprates.[13][14]

A photoexcited transition to an H state edit

A hypothetical schematic diagram for the transition to an H state by photo excitation is shown in the Figure (After [4]). An absorbed photon causes an electron from the ground state G to an excited state E (red arrow). State E rapidly relaxes via Franck-Condon relaxation to an intermediate locally reordered state I. Through interactions with others of its kind, this state collectively orders to form a macroscopically ordered metastable state H, further lowering its energy as a result. The new state has a broken symmetry with respect to the G or E state, and may also involve further relaxation compared to the I state. The barrier EB prevents state H from reverting to the ground state G. If the barrier is sufficiently large compared to thermal energy kBT, where kB is the Boltzmann constant, the H state can be stable indefinitely.

 
A photo excited transition from a ground state to a hidden state typically involves two intermediate states

References edit

  1. ^ Ichikawa, Hirohiko; Nozawa, Shunsuke; Sato, Tokushi; Tomita, Ayana; Ichiyanagi, Kouhei; Chollet, Matthieu; Guerin, Laurent; Dean, Nicky; Cavalleri, Andrea; Adachi, Shin-ichi; Arima, Taka-hisa; Sawa, Hiroshi; Ogimoto, Yasushi; Nakamura, Masao; Tamaki, Ryo; Miyano, Kenjiro; Koshihara, Shin-ya (2011). "Transient photoinduced 'hidden' phase in a manganite". Nature Materials. 10 (2): 101–105. Bibcode:2011NatMa..10..101I. doi:10.1038/nmat2929. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 21240287.
  2. ^ a b Stojchevska, L.; Vaskivskyi, I.; Mertelj, T.; Kusar, P.; Svetin, D.; Brazovskii, S.; Mihailovic, D. (2014). "Ultrafast Switching to a Stable Hidden Quantum State in an Electronic Crystal". Science. 344 (6180): 177–180. arXiv:1401.6786. Bibcode:2014Sci...344..177S. doi:10.1126/science.1241591. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24723607. S2CID 206550327.
  3. ^ a b Tokura, Yoshinori (2006). "Photoinduced Phase Transition: A Tool for Generating a Hidden State of Matter". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 75 (1): 011001. Bibcode:2006JPSJ...75a1001T. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.75.011001. ISSN 0031-9015.
  4. ^ a b c d e Nasu, K. Photoinduced phase transitions. World Scientific, Singapore (2004).
  5. ^ Miyano, K.; Tanaka, T.; Tomioka, Y.; Tokura, Y. (1997). "Photoinduced Insulator-to-Metal Transition in a Perovskite Manganite". Physical Review Letters. 78 (22): 4257–4260. Bibcode:1997PhRvL..78.4257M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4257. ISSN 0031-9007.
  6. ^ Koshihara, S.; Tokura, Y.; Mitani, T.; Saito, G.; Koda, T. (1990). "Photoinduced valence instability in the organic molecular compound tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil (TTF-CA)". Physical Review B. 42 (10): 6853–6856. Bibcode:1990PhRvB..42.6853K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.42.6853. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 9994804.
  7. ^ Okamoto, H.; Ishige, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Kishida, H.; Iwai, S.; Tokura, Y. (2004). "Photoinduced phase transition in tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil observed in femtosecond reflection spectroscopy". Physical Review B. 70 (16): 165202. Bibcode:2004PhRvB..70p5202O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.70.165202. ISSN 1098-0121.
  8. ^ Cavalleri, A.; Tóth, Cs.; Siders, C. W.; Squier, J. A.; Ráksi, F.; Forget, P.; Kieffer, J. C. (2001). "Femtosecond Structural Dynamics inVO2during an Ultrafast Solid-Solid Phase Transition". Physical Review Letters. 87 (23): 237401. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87w7401C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.237401. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 11736474.
  9. ^ Tomimoto, S.; Miyasaka, S.; Ogasawara, T.; Okamoto, H.; Tokura, Y. (2003). "Ultrafast photoinduced melting of orbital order in LaVO3" (PDF). Physical Review B. 68 (3): 035106. Bibcode:2003PhRvB..68c5106T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035106. hdl:2241/101634. ISSN 0163-1829.
  10. ^ Takubo, N.; Ogimoto, Y.; Nakamura, M.; Tamaru, H.; Izumi, M.; Miyano, K. (2005). "Persistent and Reversible All-Optical Phase Control in a Manganite Thin Film". Physical Review Letters. 95 (1): 017404. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..95a7404T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.017404. ISSN 0031-9007.
  11. ^ Mihailovic, Dragan (2016). "Tuning phase diagrams". Nature Materials. 15 (9): 930–931. doi:10.1038/nmat4744. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 27554989.
  12. ^ Zhang, Jingdi; Tan, Xuelian; Liu, Mengkun; Teitelbaum, S. W.; Post, K. W.; Jin, Feng; Nelson, K. A.; Basov, D. N.; Wu, Wenbin; Averitt, R. D. (2016). "Cooperative photoinduced metastable phase control in strained manganite films". Nature Materials. 15 (9): 956–960. arXiv:1512.00436. Bibcode:2016NatMa..15..956Z. doi:10.1038/nmat4695. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 27400387. S2CID 205413818.
  13. ^ Yu, G.; Lee, C. H.; Heeger, A. J.; Herron, N.; McCarron, E. M. (1991). "Transient photoinduced conductivity in single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6.3: Photodoping to the metallic state". Physical Review Letters. 67 (18): 2581–2584. Bibcode:1991PhRvL..67.2581Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.2581. hdl:10371/13779. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10044462.
  14. ^ Fausti, D.; Tobey, R. I.; Dean, N.; Kaiser, S.; Dienst, A.; Hoffmann, M. C.; Pyon, S.; Takayama, T.; Takagi, H.; Cavalleri, A. (2011). "Light-Induced Superconductivity in a Stripe-Ordered Cuprate". Science. 331 (6014): 189–191. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..189F. doi:10.1126/science.1197294. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 21233381. S2CID 206529723.

April 28, 2024
hidden, states, matter, hidden, state, matter, state, matter, which, cannot, reached, under, ergodic, conditions, therefore, distinct, from, known, thermodynamic, phases, material, examples, exist, condensed, matter, systems, typically, reached, ergodic, condi. A hidden state of matter is a state of matter which cannot be reached under ergodic conditions and is therefore distinct from known thermodynamic phases of the material 1 2 Examples exist in condensed matter systems and are typically reached by the non ergodic conditions created through laser photo excitation 3 4 Short lived hidden states of matter have also been reported in crystals using lasers Recently a persistent hidden state was discovered in a crystal of Tantalum IV sulfide TaS2 where the state is stable at low temperatures 2 A hidden state of matter is not to be confused with hidden order which exists in equilibrium but is not immediately apparent or easily observed Using ultrashort laser pulses impinging on solid state matter 3 the system may be knocked out of equilibrium so that not only are the individual subsystems out of equilibrium with each other but also internally Under such conditions new states of matter may be created which are not otherwise reachable under equilibrium ergodic system evolution Such states are usually unstable and decay very rapidly typically in nanoseconds or less 4 The difficulty is in distinguishing a genuine hidden state from one which is simply out of thermal equilibrium 5 Probably the first instance of a photoinduced state is described for the organic molecular compound TTF CA which turns from neutral to ionic species as a result of excitation by laser pulses 4 6 7 However a similar transformation is also possible by the application of pressure so strictly speaking the photoinduced transition is not to a hidden state under the definition given in the introductory paragraph A few further examples are given in ref 4 Photoexcitation has been shown to produce persistent states in vanadates 8 9 and manganite materials 10 11 12 leading to filamentary paths of a modified charge ordered phase which is sustained by a passing current Transient superconductivity was also reported in cuprates 13 14 A photoexcited transition to an H state editA hypothetical schematic diagram for the transition to an H state by photo excitation is shown in the Figure After 4 An absorbed photon causes an electron from the ground state G to an excited state E red arrow State E rapidly relaxes via Franck Condon relaxation to an intermediate locally reordered state I Through interactions with others of its kind this state collectively orders to form a macroscopically ordered metastable state H further lowering its energy as a result The new state has a broken symmetry with respect to the G or E state and may also involve further relaxation compared to the I state The barrier EB prevents state H from reverting to the ground state G If the barrier is sufficiently large compared to thermal energy kBT where kB is the Boltzmann constant the H state can be stable indefinitely nbsp A photo excited transition from a ground state to a hidden state typically involves two intermediate statesReferences edit Ichikawa Hirohiko Nozawa Shunsuke Sato Tokushi Tomita Ayana Ichiyanagi Kouhei Chollet Matthieu Guerin Laurent Dean Nicky Cavalleri Andrea Adachi Shin ichi Arima Taka hisa Sawa Hiroshi Ogimoto Yasushi Nakamura Masao Tamaki Ryo Miyano Kenjiro Koshihara Shin ya 2011 Transient photoinduced hidden phase in a manganite Nature Materials 10 2 101 105 Bibcode 2011NatMa 10 101I doi 10 1038 nmat2929 ISSN 1476 1122 PMID 21240287 a b Stojchevska L Vaskivskyi I Mertelj T Kusar P Svetin D Brazovskii S Mihailovic D 2014 Ultrafast Switching to a Stable Hidden Quantum State in an Electronic Crystal Science 344 6180 177 180 arXiv 1401 6786 Bibcode 2014Sci 344 177S doi 10 1126 science 1241591 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 24723607 S2CID 206550327 a b Tokura Yoshinori 2006 Photoinduced Phase Transition A Tool for Generating a Hidden State of Matter Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 75 1 011001 Bibcode 2006JPSJ 75a1001T doi 10 1143 JPSJ 75 011001 ISSN 0031 9015 a b c d e Nasu K Photoinduced phase transitions World Scientific Singapore 2004 Miyano K Tanaka T Tomioka Y Tokura Y 1997 Photoinduced Insulator to Metal Transition in a Perovskite Manganite Physical Review Letters 78 22 4257 4260 Bibcode 1997PhRvL 78 4257M doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 78 4257 ISSN 0031 9007 Koshihara S Tokura Y Mitani T Saito G Koda T 1990 Photoinduced valence instability in the organic molecular compound tetrathiafulvalene p chloranil TTF CA Physical Review B 42 10 6853 6856 Bibcode 1990PhRvB 42 6853K doi 10 1103 PhysRevB 42 6853 ISSN 0163 1829 PMID 9994804 Okamoto H Ishige Y Tanaka S Kishida H Iwai S Tokura Y 2004 Photoinduced phase transition in tetrathiafulvalene p chloranil observed in femtosecond reflection spectroscopy Physical Review B 70 16 165202 Bibcode 2004PhRvB 70p5202O doi 10 1103 PhysRevB 70 165202 ISSN 1098 0121 Cavalleri A Toth Cs Siders C W Squier J A Raksi F Forget P Kieffer J C 2001 Femtosecond Structural Dynamics inVO2during an Ultrafast Solid Solid Phase Transition Physical Review Letters 87 23 237401 Bibcode 2001PhRvL 87w7401C doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 87 237401 ISSN 0031 9007 PMID 11736474 Tomimoto S Miyasaka S Ogasawara T Okamoto H Tokura Y 2003 Ultrafast photoinduced melting of orbital order in LaVO3 PDF Physical Review B 68 3 035106 Bibcode 2003PhRvB 68c5106T doi 10 1103 PhysRevB 68 035106 hdl 2241 101634 ISSN 0163 1829 Takubo N Ogimoto Y Nakamura M Tamaru H Izumi M Miyano K 2005 Persistent and Reversible All Optical Phase Control in a Manganite Thin Film Physical Review Letters 95 1 017404 Bibcode 2005PhRvL 95a7404T doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 95 017404 ISSN 0031 9007 Mihailovic Dragan 2016 Tuning phase diagrams Nature Materials 15 9 930 931 doi 10 1038 nmat4744 ISSN 1476 1122 PMID 27554989 Zhang Jingdi Tan Xuelian Liu Mengkun Teitelbaum S W Post K W Jin Feng Nelson K A Basov D N Wu Wenbin Averitt R D 2016 Cooperative photoinduced metastable phase control in strained manganite films Nature Materials 15 9 956 960 arXiv 1512 00436 Bibcode 2016NatMa 15 956Z doi 10 1038 nmat4695 ISSN 1476 1122 PMID 27400387 S2CID 205413818 Yu G Lee C H Heeger A J Herron N McCarron E M 1991 Transient photoinduced conductivity in single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6 3 Photodoping to the metallic state Physical Review Letters 67 18 2581 2584 Bibcode 1991PhRvL 67 2581Y doi 10 1103 PhysRevLett 67 2581 hdl 10371 13779 ISSN 0031 9007 PMID 10044462 Fausti D Tobey R I Dean N Kaiser S Dienst A Hoffmann M C Pyon S Takayama T Takagi H Cavalleri A 2011 Light Induced Superconductivity in a Stripe Ordered Cuprate Science 331 6014 189 191 Bibcode 2011Sci 331 189F doi 10 1126 science 1197294 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 21233381 S2CID 206529723 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hidden states of matter amp oldid 1170137096, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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