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Heuglin's white-eye

Heuglin's white-eye (Zosterops poliogastrus), also known as the Ethiopian white-eye (formerly the montane white-eye), is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is found in north-eastern and eastern Africa, primarily in Ethiopia and Kenya. Its natural habitats range from subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, to subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, plantations, and rural gardens.[2]

Heuglin's white-eye
At Lalibela, Ethiopia
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Zosteropidae
Genus: Zosterops
Species:
Z. poliogastrus
Binomial name
Zosterops poliogastrus
Heuglin, 1861
Synonyms
  • Zosterops kulalensis Williams, 1947
  • Zosterops poliogaster Heuglin, 1861
  • Zosterops silvanus Peter & Loveridge, 1935
  • Zosterops winifredae Sclater, 1935

The Mbulu white-eye, the south Pare white-eye and the broad-ringed white-eye were formerly considered as subspecies of Heuglin's white-eye. They were promoted to species rank based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014. To reflect this change, the English name was changed from "montane white-eye" to "Heuglin's white-eye".[3][4][5][6]

There are three subspecies:[6]

  • Z. p. kulalensis (Kulal) Williams, JG, 1948 – Mount Kulal (north Kenya)
  • Z. p. poliogastrus (Ethiopian) Heuglin, 1861 – southeast Sudan, Eritrea, north, central, and east Ethiopia
  • Z. p. kaffensis (Kaffa) Neumann, 1902 – west and southwest Ethiopia

Identification by subspecies edit

Heuglin's white-eye (Kulal) edit

The Kulal Heuglin's white-eye adult male is about 11-12 centimeters long. The male sex has different characteristics than the female. The male has a bright yellow forehead, and a lime-green crown (top of a bird's head)[7] and upper feathers. Its flight feather colors vary from brownish black to grey and edge off with a matching green tint to its crown. Its tail is like its flight feathers, brownish black to grey with green edges. The belly is a bright white that fades into the color of its surrounding feathers. Different from the male, the female may have a yellow belly and wings that are mostly grey. [8]

Heuglin's white-eye (Ethiopian) edit

The Ethiopian Heuglin's white-eye has a vivid yellow head and crown that extends all the way to its white eyering (a circle of color around a bird's eye)[9] and a narrow black line extending from the eye to its black beak. Underneath the beak, the rest of the head is yellow as well. On the Ethiopian Heuglin's white-eye, the flight feathers have a lime-green coloration. The tips of the feathers then shift to a brownish black. Both sexes share the same attributes.[8]

Heuglin's white-eye (Kaffa) edit

The crown of the Kaffa Heuglin's white-eye is rich green with a yellow forehead leading to its black bill. Under the beak, yellow and green are the dominant colors of the chin. Its eyering is white and is slightly larger than the Ethiopian white-eye's. Depending on their diet, their flight feathers are brownish-black that fade into a yellow-green edge. The tail generally matches the flight feathers but tends to be a shiny, dark brown. The breast of the bird has green flanks (the sides of the bird's body)[10] that fade into a yellow-tinged middle. Both sexes share the same attributes.[8]

Habitat and distribution edit

During the dry season, the Heuglin's white-eye are commonly found in large flocks of up to fifty birds. However, in the wet season, flocks of this size are only seen in the early mornings or late afternoons. The habitat of the Heuglin's white-eye varies by subspecies.[8]

Heuglin's white-eye (Kulal) edit

The Heuglin's white-eye (Kulal) habitat typically consists of forest edges and wet bush. However, during the wet season they can be found in drier bush at lower altitudes, and in the dry season they can be found in montane forests at higher altitudes. [8]

Heuglin's white-eye (Ethiopian) edit

The Heuglin's white-eye (Ethiopian) habitat generally consists of woodland and forest edges, as well as isolated cultivations. In these areas, they commonly live in younger growths or shorter trees. They live anywhere from 1340 to 3640 meters in Ethiopia and above 1800 meters in South Sudan. [8]

Heuglin's white-eye (Kaffa) edit

The Heuglin's white-eye (Kaffa) habitat generally consists of woodland and forest edges, as well as highlands with younger areas of secondary growth. They typically live within the 1340 to 3640 meter elevational band (a section of altitude above sea level).[11][8]

Migration edit

Both the Heuglin's white-eye (Ethiopian) and (Kaffa) are nonmigrants (sedentary), while the Heuglin's white-eye (Kulal) descends from higher to lower altitudes as the wet season approaches. [8]

Diet edit

The Heuglin's white-eye diet mainly consists of berries and small insects. However, in the months of September and November they can be found foraging on Leonotis flowers. During the dry season, this bird is mainly frugivorous, while insectivorous in the wet season.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Zosterops poliogastrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103891168A95032406. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103891168A95032406.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. ^ Aerts, R.; Lerouge, F.; November, E. (2019). Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu’a Tembien. In: Nyssen J., Jacob, M., Frankl, A. (Eds.). Geo-trekking in Ethiopia’s Tropical Mountains - The Dogu’a Tembien District. SpringerNature. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6.
  3. ^ Cox, S.C. (2013). Molecular Systematics and Diversification of African Zosteropidae (Aves: Passeriformes) (PhD). University College London.
  4. ^ Cox, S.C.; Prys-Jones, R.P.; Habel, J.C.; Amakobe, B.A.; Day, J.J. (2014). "Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)". Molecular Ecology. 23: 4103–4118. doi:10.1111/mec.12840. PMC 4255762.
  5. ^ Pearson, D.J.; Turner, D.A. (2017). "A taxonomic review of the genus Zosterops in East Africa, with a revised list of species occurring in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania". Scopus. 37: 1–13.
  6. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Sylviid babblers, parrotbills, white-eyes". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  7. ^ "Bird Anatomy: Crown | Beauty of Birds". www.beautyofbirds.com. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i van Balen, Bas; del Hoyo, Josep; Collar, Nigel; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020-03-04). "Heuglin's White-eye (Zosterops poliogastrus)". Birds of the World.
  9. ^ "Anatomy: Eyering | Outside My Window". Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  10. ^ "Bird External Anatomy". Ornithology. 2014-11-20. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  11. ^ "elevation". National Geographic Society. 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2021-10-19.

heuglin, white, zosterops, poliogastrus, also, known, ethiopian, white, formerly, montane, white, species, bird, family, zosteropidae, found, north, eastern, eastern, africa, primarily, ethiopia, kenya, natural, habitats, range, from, subtropical, tropical, mo. Heuglin s white eye Zosterops poliogastrus also known as the Ethiopian white eye formerly the montane white eye is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae It is found in north eastern and eastern Africa primarily in Ethiopia and Kenya Its natural habitats range from subtropical or tropical moist montane forests to subtropical or tropical high altitude shrubland plantations and rural gardens 2 Heuglin s white eye At Lalibela Ethiopia Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Zosteropidae Genus Zosterops Species Z poliogastrus Binomial name Zosterops poliogastrusHeuglin 1861 Synonyms Zosterops kulalensis Williams 1947 Zosterops poliogaster Heuglin 1861 Zosterops silvanus Peter amp Loveridge 1935 Zosterops winifredae Sclater 1935 The Mbulu white eye the south Pare white eye and the broad ringed white eye were formerly considered as subspecies of Heuglin s white eye They were promoted to species rank based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 To reflect this change the English name was changed from montane white eye to Heuglin s white eye 3 4 5 6 There are three subspecies 6 Z p kulalensis Kulal Williams JG 1948 Mount Kulal north Kenya Z p poliogastrus Ethiopian Heuglin 1861 southeast Sudan Eritrea north central and east Ethiopia Z p kaffensis Kaffa Neumann 1902 west and southwest Ethiopia Contents 1 Identification by subspecies 1 1 Heuglin s white eye Kulal 1 2 Heuglin s white eye Ethiopian 1 3 Heuglin s white eye Kaffa 2 Habitat and distribution 2 1 Heuglin s white eye Kulal 2 2 Heuglin s white eye Ethiopian 2 3 Heuglin s white eye Kaffa 3 Migration 4 Diet 5 ReferencesIdentification by subspecies editHeuglin s white eye Kulal edit The Kulal Heuglin s white eye adult male is about 11 12 centimeters long The male sex has different characteristics than the female The male has a bright yellow forehead and a lime green crown top of a bird s head 7 and upper feathers Its flight feather colors vary from brownish black to grey and edge off with a matching green tint to its crown Its tail is like its flight feathers brownish black to grey with green edges The belly is a bright white that fades into the color of its surrounding feathers Different from the male the female may have a yellow belly and wings that are mostly grey 8 Heuglin s white eye Ethiopian edit The Ethiopian Heuglin s white eye has a vivid yellow head and crown that extends all the way to its white eyering a circle of color around a bird s eye 9 and a narrow black line extending from the eye to its black beak Underneath the beak the rest of the head is yellow as well On the Ethiopian Heuglin s white eye the flight feathers have a lime green coloration The tips of the feathers then shift to a brownish black Both sexes share the same attributes 8 Heuglin s white eye Kaffa edit The crown of the Kaffa Heuglin s white eye is rich green with a yellow forehead leading to its black bill Under the beak yellow and green are the dominant colors of the chin Its eyering is white and is slightly larger than the Ethiopian white eye s Depending on their diet their flight feathers are brownish black that fade into a yellow green edge The tail generally matches the flight feathers but tends to be a shiny dark brown The breast of the bird has green flanks the sides of the bird s body 10 that fade into a yellow tinged middle Both sexes share the same attributes 8 Habitat and distribution editDuring the dry season the Heuglin s white eye are commonly found in large flocks of up to fifty birds However in the wet season flocks of this size are only seen in the early mornings or late afternoons The habitat of the Heuglin s white eye varies by subspecies 8 Heuglin s white eye Kulal edit The Heuglin s white eye Kulal habitat typically consists of forest edges and wet bush However during the wet season they can be found in drier bush at lower altitudes and in the dry season they can be found in montane forests at higher altitudes 8 Heuglin s white eye Ethiopian edit The Heuglin s white eye Ethiopian habitat generally consists of woodland and forest edges as well as isolated cultivations In these areas they commonly live in younger growths or shorter trees They live anywhere from 1340 to 3640 meters in Ethiopia and above 1800 meters in South Sudan 8 Heuglin s white eye Kaffa edit The Heuglin s white eye Kaffa habitat generally consists of woodland and forest edges as well as highlands with younger areas of secondary growth They typically live within the 1340 to 3640 meter elevational band a section of altitude above sea level 11 8 Migration editBoth the Heuglin s white eye Ethiopian and Kaffa are nonmigrants sedentary while the Heuglin s white eye Kulal descends from higher to lower altitudes as the wet season approaches 8 Diet editThe Heuglin s white eye diet mainly consists of berries and small insects However in the months of September and November they can be found foraging on Leonotis flowers During the dry season this bird is mainly frugivorous while insectivorous in the wet season 8 References edit BirdLife International 2016 Zosterops poliogastrus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T103891168A95032406 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T103891168A95032406 en Retrieved 14 November 2021 Aerts R Lerouge F November E 2019 Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu a Tembien In Nyssen J Jacob M Frankl A Eds Geo trekking in Ethiopia s Tropical Mountains The Dogu a Tembien District SpringerNature ISBN 978 3 030 04954 6 Cox S C 2013 Molecular Systematics and Diversification of African Zosteropidae Aves Passeriformes PhD University College London Cox S C Prys Jones R P Habel J C Amakobe B A Day J J 2014 Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white eyes Aves Zosteropidae Molecular Ecology 23 4103 4118 doi 10 1111 mec 12840 PMC 4255762 Pearson D J Turner D A 2017 A taxonomic review of the genus Zosterops in East Africa with a revised list of species occurring in Kenya Uganda and Tanzania Scopus 37 1 13 a b Gill Frank Donsker David eds 2019 Sylviid babblers parrotbills white eyes World Bird List Version 9 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 25 January 2019 Bird Anatomy Crown Beauty of Birds www beautyofbirds com Retrieved 2021 10 19 a b c d e f g h i van Balen Bas del Hoyo Josep Collar Nigel Kirwan Guy M 2020 03 04 Heuglin s White eye Zosterops poliogastrus Birds of the World Anatomy Eyering Outside My Window Retrieved 2021 10 19 Bird External Anatomy Ornithology 2014 11 20 Retrieved 2021 10 19 elevation National Geographic Society 2011 01 21 Retrieved 2021 10 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Heuglin 27s white eye amp oldid 1191452990, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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