Herman II (also Hermann) (died 4 May 1003) was a member of the Conradine dynasty. He was Duke of Swabia from 997 to his death. In 1002, Herman unsuccessfully attempted to become king of Germany.
Herman II was the son of Conrad I. There is, however, some debate about the identity of Herman's mother. She is often said to be Reglint (or Richlind), daughter of Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, and thus a granddaughter of Emperor Otto I.[1] Others argue that his wife was Judith, daughter of Adalbert of Marchtal (also known as Judith of Öhningen).[2]
In 997, after Conrad I's death, Herman II succeeded his father as duke of Swabia. That same year, Herman II accompanied Emperor Otto III on his second Italian campaign.[3]
Candidacy for the German throne
When Otto III died without heirs in January 1002, Herman II was one of the men, along with Henry II and Eckard of Meissen, who promoted themselves as candidates for the German throne.[4] Both Herman II and Henry II claimed descent from Henry the Fowler, progenitor of the Ottonian dynasty. Eckard, though a powerful noble and military leader, was more distantly related to the Ottonians. Eckhard was assassinated in April 1002 by Saxons who opposed his candidacy.[5] According to the chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg, the majority of the German nobles, who assembled at Aachen in April 1002, including the influential Archbishop Heribert of Cologne, supported Herman II.[6] But his rival, Henry II, did not wait for the approval of the nobles. Instead, he had himself anointed and crowned king by Archbishop Willigis of Mainz on 7 June 1002. (Herman had tried, and failed, to prevent Henry II from reaching Mainz.) Herman initially refused to accept Henry II as king. He undertook military action against Henry and his supporters, including at Strasbourg, where Herman's men looted the episcopal church. Yet by October 1002, Herman II undertook a ritual act of submission (deditio) before Henry II at Bruchsal. Herman accepted Henry's kingship and promised to make reparation for the damage that had been inflicted on Strasbourg.[7] In Christmas 1002, Herman was present at the imperial court at Frankfurt, signalling that he was on better terms with Henry II. In January 1003, Henry II required Herman to cede control of the female monastery St Stephen in Strasbourg to Bishop Werner of Strasbourg.[8]
Shortly after he ceded control of a female monastery in Strasbourg, on 4 May 1003,[12] Herman died. Contemporaries saw his death as a divine punishment for his desecration of the episcopal church at Strasbourg.[13] After Herman died, Henry II separated Alsace from Swabia and took control of the duchy. This situation continued through the reign of Herman's son and successor, Herman III, for whom Henry II acted as guardian during his minority.
Notes
^Wolf, 'Wer war Kuno von Öhningen?'; Fried, 'Prolepsis oder Tod', p. 106.
^Die Urkunden Heinrichs II 2 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, no. 34, pp. 37f.
^Goez, Beatrix, p. 11; Oexle, 'Hermann II' p. 641.
^ abcStefan Weinfurter, The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition, transl. Barbara M. Bowlus, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), 46.
^The Geography of Power:Matilda of Tuscany and the Strategy of Active Defense, Valerie Eads, Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies Around the Mediterranean, ed. Donald Joseph Kagay and L. J. Andrew Villalon, (Brill, 2003), 358.
^Knaus, Francis (1985). Lady Eleanor, or, Begotten but not forgotten. Anundsen / University of Wisconsin. p. 269.
H. Keller, 'Schwäbische Herzöge als Thronbewerber: Hermann II. (1002), Rudolf von Rheinfelden (1077), Friedrich von Staufen (1125), Zur Entwicklung von Reichsidee und Fürstenverantwortung, Wahlverständnis und Wahlverfahren im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert,' Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 131 (1983), 123–162.
E. Goez, Beatrix von Canossa und Tuszien. Eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte des 11. Jahrhunderts (Sigmaringen, 1995).
E. Hlawitschka, Konradiner-Genealogie, unstatthafte Verwandtenehen und spätottonisch-frühsalische Thronbesetzungspraxis. Ein Rückblick auf 25 Jahre Forschungsdisput. (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Studien und Texte 32) (Hannover, 2003).
A. Wolf, 'Wer war Kuno von Öhningen? Überlegungen zum Herzogtum Konrads von Schwaben († 997) und zur Königswahl vom Jahre 1002,' in Deutsches Archiv 36 (1980), 25–85.
J. Fried, 'Prolepsis oder Tod. Methodische und andere Bemerkungen zur Konradiner-Genealogie im 10. und frühen 11. Jahrhundert', in J. Dahlbauer et al., ed., Papstgeschichte und Landesgeschichte. Festschrift für Hermann Jakobs zum 65. Geburtstag (Cologne, 1995).
T. Reuter, Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056 (New York, 1991).
O.G. Oexle, in Neue Deutsche Biographie 8 (1969), pp. 641f.
herman, duke, swabia, herman, also, hermann, died, 1003, member, conradine, dynasty, duke, swabia, from, death, 1002, herman, unsuccessfully, attempted, become, king, germany, died, 1003, 1003noble, familyconradinesspouse, gerberga, burgundyissuegiselamatildah. Herman II also Hermann died 4 May 1003 was a member of the Conradine dynasty He was Duke of Swabia from 997 to his death In 1002 Herman unsuccessfully attempted to become king of Germany Herman II Duke of SwabiaDied 1003 05 04 4 May 1003Noble familyConradinesSpouse s Gerberga of BurgundyIssueGiselaMatildaHerman IIIFatherConrad I Duke of Swabia Contents 1 Life 1 1 Candidacy for the German throne 1 2 Marriage and children 2 Death 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksLife EditHerman II was the son of Conrad I There is however some debate about the identity of Herman s mother She is often said to be Reglint or Richlind daughter of Liudolf Duke of Swabia and thus a granddaughter of Emperor Otto I 1 Others argue that his wife was Judith daughter of Adalbert of Marchtal also known as Judith of Ohningen 2 In 997 after Conrad I s death Herman II succeeded his father as duke of Swabia That same year Herman II accompanied Emperor Otto III on his second Italian campaign 3 Candidacy for the German throne Edit When Otto III died without heirs in January 1002 Herman II was one of the men along with Henry II and Eckard of Meissen who promoted themselves as candidates for the German throne 4 Both Herman II and Henry II claimed descent from Henry the Fowler progenitor of the Ottonian dynasty Eckard though a powerful noble and military leader was more distantly related to the Ottonians Eckhard was assassinated in April 1002 by Saxons who opposed his candidacy 5 According to the chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg the majority of the German nobles who assembled at Aachen in April 1002 including the influential Archbishop Heribert of Cologne supported Herman II 6 But his rival Henry II did not wait for the approval of the nobles Instead he had himself anointed and crowned king by Archbishop Willigis of Mainz on 7 June 1002 Herman had tried and failed to prevent Henry II from reaching Mainz Herman initially refused to accept Henry II as king He undertook military action against Henry and his supporters including at Strasbourg where Herman s men looted the episcopal church Yet by October 1002 Herman II undertook a ritual act of submission deditio before Henry II at Bruchsal Herman accepted Henry s kingship and promised to make reparation for the damage that had been inflicted on Strasbourg 7 In Christmas 1002 Herman was present at the imperial court at Frankfurt signalling that he was on better terms with Henry II In January 1003 Henry II required Herman to cede control of the female monastery St Stephen in Strasbourg to Bishop Werner of Strasbourg 8 Marriage and children Edit He married Gerberga of Burgundy daughter of King Conrad of Burgundy With Gerberga Herman had three children 9 Gisela who was the wife of Emperor Conrad II 10 Matilda of Swabia who was the wife of Frederick II Duke of Upper Lorraine 11 Herman III Duke of Swabia 10 Beatrice died after 25 February 1025 who was married to Adalbert of Eppenstein 10 Death EditShortly after he ceded control of a female monastery in Strasbourg on 4 May 1003 12 Herman died Contemporaries saw his death as a divine punishment for his desecration of the episcopal church at Strasbourg 13 After Herman died Henry II separated Alsace from Swabia and took control of the duchy This situation continued through the reign of Herman s son and successor Herman III for whom Henry II acted as guardian during his minority Notes Edit Wolf Wer war Kuno von Ohningen Fried Prolepsis oder Tod p 106 Hlawitschka Konradiner Genealogie Oexle Hermann II p 641 Keller Schwabische Herzoge als Thronbewerber esp pp 135ff Reuter Germany pp 186f Thietmar Chronicon V 3 Thietmar Chronicon V 12 Die Urkunden Heinrichs II Archived 2 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine no 34 pp 37f Goez Beatrix p 11 Oexle Hermann II p 641 a b c Stefan Weinfurter The Salian Century Main Currents in an Age of Transition transl Barbara M Bowlus University of Pennsylvania Press 1999 46 The Geography of Power Matilda of Tuscany and the Strategy of Active Defense Valerie Eads Crusaders Condottieri and Cannon Medieval Warfare in Societies Around the Mediterranean ed Donald Joseph Kagay and L J Andrew Villalon Brill 2003 358 Knaus Francis 1985 Lady Eleanor or Begotten but not forgotten Anundsen University of Wisconsin p 269 Annales Quedlinburgenses a 1002 References EditH Keller Schwabische Herzoge als Thronbewerber Hermann II 1002 Rudolf von Rheinfelden 1077 Friedrich von Staufen 1125 Zur Entwicklung von Reichsidee und Furstenverantwortung Wahlverstandnis und Wahlverfahren im 11 und 12 Jahrhundert Zeitschrift fur die Geschichte des Oberrheins 131 1983 123 162 E Goez Beatrix von Canossa und Tuszien Eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte des 11 Jahrhunderts Sigmaringen 1995 E Hlawitschka Konradiner Genealogie unstatthafte Verwandtenehen und spatottonisch fruhsalische Thronbesetzungspraxis Ein Ruckblick auf 25 Jahre Forschungsdisput Monumenta Germaniae Historica Studien und Texte 32 Hannover 2003 A Wolf Wer war Kuno von Ohningen Uberlegungen zum Herzogtum Konrads von Schwaben 997 und zur Konigswahl vom Jahre 1002 in Deutsches Archiv 36 1980 25 85 J Fried Prolepsis oder Tod Methodische und andere Bemerkungen zur Konradiner Genealogie im 10 und fruhen 11 Jahrhundert in J Dahlbauer et al ed Papstgeschichte und Landesgeschichte Festschrift fur Hermann Jakobs zum 65 Geburtstag Cologne 1995 T Reuter Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800 1056 New York 1991 O G Oexle Hermann II in Neue Deutsche Biographie 8 1969 pp 641f External links EditHermann II Herzog von SchwabenHerman II Duke of SwabiaConradines Died 4 May 1003Preceded byConrad I Duke of Swabia997 1003 Succeeded byHerman III Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Herman II Duke of Swabia amp oldid 1153093589, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
