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Herbert Eustis Winlock

December 18, 2023

Herbert Eustis Winlock (February 1, 1884 – January 27, 1950)[1] was an American Egyptologist and archaeologist, employed by the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) for his entire career.[2] Between 1906 and 1931 he took part in excavations at El-Lisht, Kharga Oasis and around Luxor, before serving as director of the Metropolitan Museum from 1932 to 1939.[3]

Herbert Eustis Winlock
Born(1884-02-01)February 1, 1884
Washington D.C.
DiedJanuary 26, 1950(1950-01-26) (aged 65)
Venice, Florida
OccupationEgyptologist
EmployerMetropolitan Museum of Art

Life edit

Born in Washington, D.C., Winlock's father, William Crawford Winlock, was an assistant secretary at the Smithsonian Institution. Winlock studied Egyptology at Harvard, graduating in 1906. Mentored by Albert Lythgoe at Harvard, on graduating Winlock became the youngest member of the Metropolitan Museum's expedition to the royal necropolis at El-Lisht, 25 miles south of Cairo. After two years, he transferred to the Kharga Oasis 100 miles west of Luxor, where he helped restore a temple of the god Amun. In 1910, the Met's Egyptian Expedition gained a concession to dig at Malkata, near Luxor, (Thebes in ancient times), the site of the palace of Amenhotep III.[2]

In 1911 Winlock began excavating the mortuary complex of the 11th Dynasty pharaoh Mentuhotep II (2010–1998 B.C.) at Deir el-Bahari in the Valley of the Kings, where he discovered the bodies of sixty soldiers slain in battle and buried in linen shrouds decorated with the cartouche of Mentuhotep.[4]

From 1914 Winlock was based in New York, working at the Metropolitan Museum, leaving to serve in the American Army from 1917 during World War I. He returned to Luxor in 1919 when the Met's Egyptian Expedition resumed full-scale activities in its Theban concession.[2] On March 17, 1920, Winlock discovered the tomb of Mentuhotep II's prime minister Meketre, in which he found many wooden tomb models.[5] During the 1920s, Winlock continued working at Deir el Bahari, where he discovered and restored the colossal statues of Hatshepshut, damaged in ancient times, which had once decorated her temple.[2]

Winlock was instrumental in the design of the Dig House, close to the Valley of the Kings. Most often known as 'the American House', it was headquarters and accommodation for Winlock and his team of archaeologists, several of whom were seconded to work on the tomb of Tutankhamun once it was discovered by Howard Carter in November 1922. Winlock was closely involved in that excavation and, as a friend of Carter's, helped mediate with the Egyptian authorities in Carter's absence when in 1924 the Egyptian Antiquities Service suspended the excavation.[6] Winlock consistently dismissed the claims that a 'curse' attached itself to those who visited the tomb or who were involved in the work on it.[7]

In the wake of the Depression, funds for excavating in Egypt began to dry up, and the annual digs at Luxor ceased. In 1931 Winlock returned to New York, where he served as director of the Metropolitan Museum from 1932 until his retirement in 1939.[2] His book Tutankhamun's Funeral, published in 1941 after his retirement, reviewed the 1907 discovery of funerary artifacts bearing Tutankhamun's name in the Valley of the Kings, close to where his tomb was later found.[8] This find—in due course—provided Howard Carter with key clues in his search for that pharaoh's tomb.[9]

Personal life edit

In 1912 Winlock married the artist Helen Chandler.[3] They had two daughters: Frances, who died of tuberculosis in 1935 aged 21, and Barbara.[10] During the 1920s excavating seasons, his family accompanied Winlock to Egypt, staying with him at the American House.

During the 1940s, Winlock suffered several years of declining health, dying in Venice, Florida on January 27, 1950, a few days short of his sixty-sixth birthday.[1][2]

Legacy edit

Central to the great era of American museum-sponsored Egyptian excavations, Winlock's work contributed greatly to Egyptology's development, in particular, his reconstruction of the royal lineage of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. Much of the Met's collection of Egyptian artefacts comes from his archaeological expeditions,[2] particularly at Luxor, where he worked for several years on the excavations at the funerary temple of Hatshepshut.[11]

During his career, Winlock received a number of honors. He accepted a number of honorary doctorates, including a LittD (hon.) from Yale, Princeton and Michigan universities, and an Art. D (hon.) from Harvard. He was Director Emeritus of the Metropolitan Museum of Art from his retirement in 1939 until his death. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1939 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1944.[12][13] He was also appointed a chevalier of the Belgian orders of Leopold and the Crown , and of the French Legion of Honor.[3]

Works edit

Winlock was a widely published writer on Egyptology. In addition to contributions to various journals, his main works include:[3]

  • The Tomb of Senebtisi at Lisht. New York [The Gilliss Press]. 1916.
  • Bas-reliefs from the Temple of Rameses I at Abydos. 1921.
  • Materials used in the Embalming of Tūtánkh-Amūn. 1941.
  • Excavations at Deir el Bahari, 1911–1931. 1942.
  • The Slain Soldiers of Neb-hepet-Re' Mentu-hotep. 1945.
  • The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom at Thebes. 1947.
  • Models of Daily Life in Ancient Egypt from the Tomb of Meket-Re at Thebes. 1955., (published posthumously).[2]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Note: Who Was Who notes death on January 27, Spring 1998 KMT magazine article states January 25.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h . KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt, Volume 9, Number 1. Spring 1998.
  3. ^ a b c d Who Was Who 1941–1950. Bloomsbury Publishing, London. 1980. ISBN 0-7136-2131-1.
  4. ^ H. E. Winlock, The Slain Soldiers of Neb-Hepet-Re Mentu-Hotpe. The Metropolitan Museum Digital collections.
  5. ^ Metropolitan Museum of New York, Egyptian Art: Tomb of Meketre, Thebes.
  6. ^ Winstone, H.V.F. (2006). Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun (Rev edn). Barzan, Manchester. pp. 160, 252–255. ISBN 1-905521-04-9. OCLC 828501310..
  7. ^ Winstone, H.V.F. (2006). Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun (Rev edn). Barzan, Manchester. pp. 292, 295. ISBN 1-905521-04-9. OCLC 828501310.
  8. ^ Metropolitan Museum of New York,Tutankhamun's Funeral
  9. ^ Winstone, H.V.F. (2006). Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun (Rev edn). Barzan, Manchester. pp. 131–133. ISBN 1-905521-04-9. OCLC 828501310..
  10. ^ Milestones. Time Magazine, Monday, December 2, 1935.
  11. ^ Metropolitan Museum of New York,
  12. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  13. ^ "Herbert Eustis Winlock". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2023-05-09.

External links edit

  • (KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt)
  • Metropolitan Museum Digital Collections, H. E. Winlock.
Cultural offices
Preceded by  
Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
1932–1939 		Succeeded by

December 18, 2023
herbert, eustis, winlock, february, 1884, january, 1950, american, egyptologist, archaeologist, employed, metropolitan, museum, entire, career, between, 1906, 1931, took, part, excavations, lisht, kharga, oasis, around, luxor, before, serving, director, metrop. Herbert Eustis Winlock February 1 1884 January 27 1950 1 was an American Egyptologist and archaeologist employed by the Metropolitan Museum of Art the Met for his entire career 2 Between 1906 and 1931 he took part in excavations at El Lisht Kharga Oasis and around Luxor before serving as director of the Metropolitan Museum from 1932 to 1939 3 Herbert Eustis WinlockBorn 1884 02 01 February 1 1884Washington D C DiedJanuary 26 1950 1950 01 26 aged 65 Venice FloridaOccupationEgyptologistEmployerMetropolitan Museum of Art Contents 1 Life 1 1 Personal life 2 Legacy 3 Works 4 Notes 5 External linksLife editBorn in Washington D C Winlock s father William Crawford Winlock was an assistant secretary at the Smithsonian Institution Winlock studied Egyptology at Harvard graduating in 1906 Mentored by Albert Lythgoe at Harvard on graduating Winlock became the youngest member of the Metropolitan Museum s expedition to the royal necropolis at El Lisht 25 miles south of Cairo After two years he transferred to the Kharga Oasis 100 miles west of Luxor where he helped restore a temple of the god Amun In 1910 the Met s Egyptian Expedition gained a concession to dig at Malkata near Luxor Thebes in ancient times the site of the palace of Amenhotep III 2 In 1911 Winlock began excavating the mortuary complex of the 11th Dynasty pharaoh Mentuhotep II 2010 1998 B C at Deir el Bahari in the Valley of the Kings where he discovered the bodies of sixty soldiers slain in battle and buried in linen shrouds decorated with the cartouche of Mentuhotep 4 From 1914 Winlock was based in New York working at the Metropolitan Museum leaving to serve in the American Army from 1917 during World War I He returned to Luxor in 1919 when the Met s Egyptian Expedition resumed full scale activities in its Theban concession 2 On March 17 1920 Winlock discovered the tomb of Mentuhotep II s prime minister Meketre in which he found many wooden tomb models 5 During the 1920s Winlock continued working at Deir el Bahari where he discovered and restored the colossal statues of Hatshepshut damaged in ancient times which had once decorated her temple 2 Winlock was instrumental in the design of the Dig House close to the Valley of the Kings Most often known as the American House it was headquarters and accommodation for Winlock and his team of archaeologists several of whom were seconded to work on the tomb of Tutankhamun once it was discovered by Howard Carter in November 1922 Winlock was closely involved in that excavation and as a friend of Carter s helped mediate with the Egyptian authorities in Carter s absence when in 1924 the Egyptian Antiquities Service suspended the excavation 6 Winlock consistently dismissed the claims that a curse attached itself to those who visited the tomb or who were involved in the work on it 7 In the wake of the Depression funds for excavating in Egypt began to dry up and the annual digs at Luxor ceased In 1931 Winlock returned to New York where he served as director of the Metropolitan Museum from 1932 until his retirement in 1939 2 His book Tutankhamun s Funeral published in 1941 after his retirement reviewed the 1907 discovery of funerary artifacts bearing Tutankhamun s name in the Valley of the Kings close to where his tomb was later found 8 This find in due course provided Howard Carter with key clues in his search for that pharaoh s tomb 9 Personal life edit In 1912 Winlock married the artist Helen Chandler 3 They had two daughters Frances who died of tuberculosis in 1935 aged 21 and Barbara 10 During the 1920s excavating seasons his family accompanied Winlock to Egypt staying with him at the American House During the 1940s Winlock suffered several years of declining health dying in Venice Florida on January 27 1950 a few days short of his sixty sixth birthday 1 2 Legacy editCentral to the great era of American museum sponsored Egyptian excavations Winlock s work contributed greatly to Egyptology s development in particular his reconstruction of the royal lineage of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom Much of the Met s collection of Egyptian artefacts comes from his archaeological expeditions 2 particularly at Luxor where he worked for several years on the excavations at the funerary temple of Hatshepshut 11 During his career Winlock received a number of honors He accepted a number of honorary doctorates including a LittD hon from Yale Princeton and Michigan universities and an Art D hon from Harvard He was Director Emeritus of the Metropolitan Museum of Art from his retirement in 1939 until his death He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1939 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1944 12 13 He was also appointed a chevalier of the Belgian orders of Leopold and the Crown and of the French Legion of Honor 3 Works editWinlock was a widely published writer on Egyptology In addition to contributions to various journals his main works include 3 The Tomb of Senebtisi at Lisht New York The Gilliss Press 1916 Bas reliefs from the Temple of Rameses I at Abydos 1921 Materials used in the Embalming of Tutankh Amun 1941 Excavations at Deir el Bahari 1911 1931 1942 The Slain Soldiers of Neb hepet Re Mentu hotep 1945 The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom at Thebes 1947 Models of Daily Life in Ancient Egypt from the Tomb of Meket Re at Thebes 1955 published posthumously 2 Notes edit a b Note Who Was Who notes death on January 27 Spring 1998 KMT magazine article states January 25 a b c d e f g h Giants of Egyptology Herbert E Winlock KMT A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt Volume 9 Number 1 Spring 1998 a b c d Who Was Who 1941 1950 Bloomsbury Publishing London 1980 ISBN 0 7136 2131 1 H E Winlock The Slain Soldiers of Neb Hepet Re Mentu Hotpe The Metropolitan Museum Digital collections Metropolitan Museum of New York Egyptian Art Tomb of Meketre Thebes Winstone H V F 2006 Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun Rev edn Barzan Manchester pp 160 252 255 ISBN 1 905521 04 9 OCLC 828501310 Winstone H V F 2006 Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun Rev edn Barzan Manchester pp 292 295 ISBN 1 905521 04 9 OCLC 828501310 Metropolitan Museum of New York Tutankhamun s Funeral Winstone H V F 2006 Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun Rev edn Barzan Manchester pp 131 133 ISBN 1 905521 04 9 OCLC 828501310 Milestones Time Magazine Monday December 2 1935 Metropolitan Museum of New York Temple of Hatshepsut Thebes APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 2023 05 09 Herbert Eustis Winlock American Academy of Arts amp Sciences Retrieved 2023 05 09 External links editBiography of Winlock KMT A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt Metropolitan Museum Digital Collections H E Winlock Cultural officesPreceded byEdward Robinson nbsp Director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art1932 1939 Succeeded byFrancis Henry Taylor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Herbert Eustis Winlock amp oldid 1181158344, 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