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Henut Taui



Henuttaui[1]
in hieroglyphs
Era: 3rd Intermediate Period
(1069–664 BC)

Henut Taui, or Henuttaui, Henuttawy (fl. ca 1000 BCE) was an Ancient Egyptian priestess during the 21st Dynasty whose remains were mummified. She is mainly known for being one of the so-called "cocaine mummies".

Background edit

Little to nothing is known about her life. She was a priestess and chantress in the temple of Amun at Thebes, and after her death her body was embalmed and buried in the Deir el-Bahari necropolis.

After the discovery of her tomb, her mummy became a property of the king of Bavaria (likely Ludwig I), who later donated it to the Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst of Munich, where it is still located today (ÄS 57).[2] Her coffin, once located at the National Archaeology Museum of Lisbon,[3] is now in Munich too.[4]

Rediscovery edit

In 1992, German toxicologist Svetlana Balabanova discovered traces of cocaine, hashish and nicotine on Henut Taui's hair as well as on the hair of several other mummies of the museum,[5] which is significant[2] in that the only source for cocaine and nicotine had at that time been considered to be the coca and tobacco plants native to the Americas, and were not thought to have been present in Africa until after Columbus voyaged to the Americas.[6]

This result was interpreted by theorists and supporters of contacts between pre-Columbian people and ancient Egyptians, as a proof for their claims. The findings are controversial because while other researchers have also detected the presence of cocaine and nicotine in Egyptian mummies, two successive analyses on other groups of Egyptian mummies and human remains failed to fully reproduce Balabanova's results, and some showing positive results only for nicotine.[7][6][8]

After these experiments, even assuming that cocaine was actually found on mummies, it is possible that this could be contamination which occurred after the discovery of the mummies.[7] The same argument can be applied to nicotine but, in addition, various plants other than tobacco are a source of nicotine and two of these, Withania somnifera and Apium graveolens, were known and used by ancient Egyptians. David J Counsell notes that "Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database lists twenty-three nicotine-containing plants in addition to tobacco (Nicotiana tahacum). Of these, two – Withania somnifera and Apium graveolens – were known to the Egyptians (Manniche 1993), and the latter, celery, was the more likely to be used as a food."[7] Sources of nicotine other than tobacco and sources of cocaine in the Old World are discussed by the British biologist Duncan Edlin.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ Daressy, G. (1907), “Les cercueils des prètres d'Ammon”, ASAE 8, p. 13 (see A 136).
  2. ^ a b Rice, M., Who is who in Ancient Egypt, 1999 (2004), Routledge, London, ISBN 0-203-44328-4, pp. 64-65.
  3. ^ Daressy, G., op. cit., p. 19 (see A 136).
  4. ^ Porter, B. & Moss, R., Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs and paintings. I. The Theban necropolis, part 2. 2nd edition, Oxford University Press 1964, p. 639.
  5. ^ Balabanova, S. et al. (1992), "First Identification of Drugs in Egyptian Mummies", Naturwissenschaften 79, p. 358.
  6. ^ a b "Curse of the Cocaine Mummies" written and directed by Sarah Marris. (Producers: Hilary Lawson, Maureen Lemire and narrated by Hilary Kilberg). A TVF Production for Channel Four in association with the Discovery Channel, 1997.
  7. ^ a b c Counsell, David J. "Intoxicants in Ancient Egypt? Opium, nymphea, coca, and tobacco", in David, Rosalie (ed), Egyptian mummies and modern science, Cambridge University Press 2008, pp. 211-15. ISBN 978-0-511-37705-1
  8. ^ American Drugs in Egyptian Mummies
  9. ^ . Thehallofmaat.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2014. Retrieved November 26, 2013.

henut, taui, other, ladies, with, same, similar, name, henuttawy, henuttaui, hieroglyphsera, intermediate, period, 1069, henuttaui, henuttawy, 1000, ancient, egyptian, priestess, during, 21st, dynasty, whose, remains, were, mummified, mainly, known, being, cal. For other ladies with same or similar name see Henuttawy Henuttaui 1 in hieroglyphsEra 3rd Intermediate Period 1069 664 BC Henut Taui or Henuttaui Henuttawy fl ca 1000 BCE was an Ancient Egyptian priestess during the 21st Dynasty whose remains were mummified She is mainly known for being one of the so called cocaine mummies Background editLittle to nothing is known about her life She was a priestess and chantress in the temple of Amun at Thebes and after her death her body was embalmed and buried in the Deir el Bahari necropolis After the discovery of her tomb her mummy became a property of the king of Bavaria likely Ludwig I who later donated it to the Staatliche Sammlung fur Agyptische Kunst of Munich where it is still located today AS 57 2 Her coffin once located at the National Archaeology Museum of Lisbon 3 is now in Munich too 4 Rediscovery editSee also Pre Columbian trans oceanic contact theories Claims of Egyptian coca and tobacco In 1992 German toxicologist Svetlana Balabanova discovered traces of cocaine hashish and nicotine on Henut Taui s hair as well as on the hair of several other mummies of the museum 5 which is significant 2 in that the only source for cocaine and nicotine had at that time been considered to be the coca and tobacco plants native to the Americas and were not thought to have been present in Africa until after Columbus voyaged to the Americas 6 This result was interpreted by theorists and supporters of contacts between pre Columbian people and ancient Egyptians as a proof for their claims The findings are controversial because while other researchers have also detected the presence of cocaine and nicotine in Egyptian mummies two successive analyses on other groups of Egyptian mummies and human remains failed to fully reproduce Balabanova s results and some showing positive results only for nicotine 7 6 8 After these experiments even assuming that cocaine was actually found on mummies it is possible that this could be contamination which occurred after the discovery of the mummies 7 The same argument can be applied to nicotine but in addition various plants other than tobacco are a source of nicotine and two of these Withania somnifera and Apium graveolens were known and used by ancient Egyptians David J Counsell notes that Duke s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database lists twenty three nicotine containing plants in addition to tobacco Nicotiana tahacum Of these two Withania somnifera and Apium graveolens were known to the Egyptians Manniche 1993 and the latter celery was the more likely to be used as a food 7 Sources of nicotine other than tobacco and sources of cocaine in the Old World are discussed by the British biologist Duncan Edlin 9 References edit Daressy G 1907 Les cercueils des pretres d Ammon ASAE 8 p 13 see A 136 a b Rice M Who is who in Ancient Egypt 1999 2004 Routledge London ISBN 0 203 44328 4 pp 64 65 Daressy G op cit p 19 see A 136 Porter B amp Moss R Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts reliefs and paintings I The Theban necropolis part 2 2nd edition Oxford University Press 1964 p 639 Balabanova S et al 1992 First Identification of Drugs in Egyptian Mummies Naturwissenschaften 79 p 358 a b Curse of the Cocaine Mummies written and directed by Sarah Marris Producers Hilary Lawson Maureen Lemire and narrated by Hilary Kilberg A TVF Production for Channel Four in association with the Discovery Channel 1997 a b c Counsell David J Intoxicants in Ancient Egypt Opium nymphea coca and tobacco in David Rosalie ed Egyptian mummies and modern science Cambridge University Press 2008 pp 211 15 ISBN 978 0 511 37705 1 American Drugs in Egyptian Mummies A look at the Evidence for Cocaine in Mummies Thehallofmaat com Archived from the original on August 21 2014 Retrieved November 26 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henut Taui amp oldid 1133250401, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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