Hentzia is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders) subfamily Dendryphantinae. The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and surrounding areas, with the greatest species diversity occurring in Cuba, which has seven species.[1][2] Some outlier species, such as Hentzia poenitens and Hentzia fimbriata are found in western North America.[1][2] It appears to be closely related to the genus Anicius from which it differs primarily in certain anatomical details.[2]
The genus is characterized by the females especially having hair (setal) pencils below the posterior medial eyes and spatulate hairs on the ventral margin of the first patella and distal femur. These characters are not found in Anicius and there are some differences in the structure of both male palpi and female epigyna. However, the anatomy is close enough that there is almost certainly some relationship to Anicius.
Behavioredit
Hentzia males perform fairly elaborate courtship displays and engage in both ritual agonistic displays and fighting.[3] Displays have been observed in Hentzia palmarum, Hentzia mitrata , Hentzia antillana, and Hentzia grenada and are suspected in the rest. In the species that have been observed, courtship begins with the male spreading his front legs and with the abdomen cocked to right or left and raised at an angle of about 30 degrees above the substrate. Males of H. palmarum started courtship from a distance of about 3-4 cm if the female moved even slightly. Some males were observed to switch the abdomen from right to left or left to right during courtship, but most kept the orientation with which they started the display. Most males moved toward the female in a zigzag path (with a sideways motion as much as 1 cm), with pauses during which the abdomen was straightened and then re-twisted. However some males proceeded in a straight path. When the male reached about 1 cm from the female he straightened his abdomen and stretched his front legs forward, eventually touching the female, raising and lowering his legs two or three times. If she was receptive the male then see-sawed his front legs over her several times and then mounted and twisted her abdomen before inserting one palp into her epigynum, repeating with a second palp on the other side. Males would often repeat mating several times until the female started to move. Male-male agonistic display initially began like courtship, but within seconds the males would unsheathe their fangs and move toward each other with abdomens cocked and front legs spread. If the males were of similar size they would usually lock chelicerae and touch spread front legs, trying to bite. Often one would break away and retreat. On occasion one did get bitten and leave with a damaged front leg.
H. elegans is dubious and is almost certainly not a Hentzia.
Referencesedit
^ abRichman, David B. (April 2010). "A new species and new records of Hentzia (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantinae) from the United States" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 38 (1): 73–78. doi:10.1636/A09-47.1. S2CID 84165647.
^ abcRichman, David B. (1989). "A revision of the genus Hentzia (Araneae, Salticidae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 17 (3): 285–344.
^Richman, David B. (1982). "Epigamic display in jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) and its use in systematics" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 10 (1): 47–67.
^"Gen. Hentzia Marx, 1883", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2020-07-27
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hentzia.
October 27, 2023
hentzia, genus, spider, family, salticidae, jumping, spiders, subfamily, dendryphantinae, genus, widespread, north, america, northern, south, america, center, biodiversity, seems, primarily, caribbean, surrounding, areas, with, greatest, species, diversity, oc. Hentzia is a genus of the spider family Salticidae jumping spiders subfamily Dendryphantinae The genus is widespread in North America and northern South America but the center of biodiversity seems to be primarily in the Caribbean and surrounding areas with the greatest species diversity occurring in Cuba which has seven species 1 2 Some outlier species such as Hentzia poenitens and Hentzia fimbriata are found in western North America 1 2 It appears to be closely related to the genus Anicius from which it differs primarily in certain anatomical details 2 HentziaMale Hentzia mitrataScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaSubphylum ChelicerataClass ArachnidaOrder AraneaeInfraorder AraneomorphaeFamily SalticidaeSubfamily SalticinaeGenus HentziaMarx 1883Type speciesEpiblemum palmarumHentz 1832SpeciesSee text SynonymsWala Keyserling 1885Anoka Peckham and Peckham 1893Parahentzia Bryant 1943Maeviobeata Caporiacco 1947 Contents 1 Description 2 Behavior 3 Species 4 References 5 External linksDescription editThe genus is characterized by the females especially having hair setal pencils below the posterior medial eyes and spatulate hairs on the ventral margin of the first patella and distal femur These characters are not found in Anicius and there are some differences in the structure of both male palpi and female epigyna However the anatomy is close enough that there is almost certainly some relationship to Anicius Behavior editHentzia males perform fairly elaborate courtship displays and engage in both ritual agonistic displays and fighting 3 Displays have been observed in Hentzia palmarum Hentzia mitrata Hentzia antillana and Hentzia grenada and are suspected in the rest In the species that have been observed courtship begins with the male spreading his front legs and with the abdomen cocked to right or left and raised at an angle of about 30 degrees above the substrate Males of H palmarum started courtship from a distance of about 3 4 cm if the female moved even slightly Some males were observed to switch the abdomen from right to left or left to right during courtship but most kept the orientation with which they started the display Most males moved toward the female in a zigzag path with a sideways motion as much as 1 cm with pauses during which the abdomen was straightened and then re twisted However some males proceeded in a straight path When the male reached about 1 cm from the female he straightened his abdomen and stretched his front legs forward eventually touching the female raising and lowering his legs two or three times If she was receptive the male then see sawed his front legs over her several times and then mounted and twisted her abdomen before inserting one palp into her epigynum repeating with a second palp on the other side Males would often repeat mating several times until the female started to move Male male agonistic display initially began like courtship but within seconds the males would unsheathe their fangs and move toward each other with abdomens cocked and front legs spread If the males were of similar size they would usually lock chelicerae and touch spread front legs trying to bite Often one would break away and retreat On occasion one did get bitten and leave with a damaged front leg Species editAs of 2020 there were 22 recognized species 4 Hentzia alamosa Richman 2010 United States Texas Hentzia antillana Bryant 1940 West Indies Hentzia audax Bryant 1940 Cuba Hentzia calypso Richman 1989 Jamaica Hentzia chekika Richman 1989 United States Florida Bahama Islands Cuba Hentzia cubana Richman 1989 Cuba Hentzia elegans Keyserling 1885 North America Hentzia fimbriata F O P Cambridge 1901 Mexico to Colombia Hentzia footei Petrunkevitch 1914 Lesser Antilles Hentzia grenada Peckham amp Peckham 1894 United States Florida and Georgia Hentzia mandibularis Bryant 1943 Hispaniola Hentzia mitrata Hentz 1846 United States Canada Bahama Islands Hentzia palmarum Hentz 1832 North America Bermuda Bahama Islands Cuba Hentzia parallela Peckham amp Peckham 1894 Honduras to Trinidad Hentzia pima Richman 1989 United States Hentzia poenitens Chamberlin 1924 Mexico Hentzia squamata Petrunkevitch 1930 Puerto Rico Hentzia tibialis Bryant 1940 Cuba Hentzia vernalis Peckham amp Peckham 1893 Colombia to St Vincent Hentzia vittata Keyserling 1885 Greater Antilles Hentzia whitcombi Richman 1989 Puerto Rico Lesser Antilles Hentzia zombia Richman 1989 HispaniolaH elegans is dubious and is almost certainly not a Hentzia References edit a b Richman David B April 2010 A new species and new records of Hentzia Araneae Salticidae Dendryphantinae from the United States PDF Journal of Arachnology 38 1 73 78 doi 10 1636 A09 47 1 S2CID 84165647 a b c Richman David B 1989 A revision of the genus Hentzia Araneae Salticidae PDF Journal of Arachnology 17 3 285 344 Richman David B 1982 Epigamic display in jumping spiders Araneae Salticidae and its use in systematics PDF Journal of Arachnology 10 1 47 67 Gen Hentzia Marx 1883 World Spider Catalog Natural History Museum Bern retrieved 2020 07 27External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hentzia Pictures of H antillana Pictures of H mitrata Pictures of H palmarum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hentzia amp oldid 1145805926, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
