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Henry of Langenstein

January 01, 1970

Henry of Langenstein, also known as Henry of Hesse the Elder (German: Heinrich von Langenstein; born Heinrich Heinbuche; c. 1325 – 11 February 1397), was a German scholastic philosopher, theologian and mathematician.

Henry of Langenstein
Born
Heinrich Heinbuche

c. 1325
Landgraviate of Hesse
Died(1397-02-11)11 February 1397
Vienna, Duchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
NationalityGerman
Other namesHeinrich von Langenstein
EducationUniversity of Paris (M.A., 1363; M.Th., 1376)[2]
Known forReviving Eudoxus' cosmological model of homocentric spheres[1]
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
InstitutionsUniversity of Paris
University of Vienna
Academic advisorsNicole Oresme[1][2]
Notable studentsJohannes von Gmunden[3]

Biography edit

Henry was born at Hainbuch (Hembuche), near Langenstein, in the Landgraviate of Hesse. He studied at the University of Paris, where he finished his M.A. in 1363 and his M.Th. in 1376, and became professor of philosophy there this same year.

In 1368, on the occasion of the appearance of a comet, which the astrologers of his times claimed to be a sure foreboding of certain future events, he wrote a treatise entitled Quaestio de cometa, in which he refutes the then prevalent astrological beliefs.[1] At the instance of the university he wrote three other treatises on the same subject, completed in 1373.

On his scientific work, A. C. Crombie writes

Oresme extended the impetus theory to psychology. One of his followers, Henry, while doubting whether the proportions and intentions of the elements of a given substance were knowable in detail, seriously considered the possibility of the generation of a plant or animal from the corpse of another species, for example of a fox from a dead dog. (Augustine to Galileo, Vol. 2, 1922, p. 114)

When the Western Schism broke out in 1378, Henry sided with Urban VI against Clement VII, and wrote various treatises in defence of the former. In 1379 he composed "Epistola pacis" (see Helmstädter Program, 1779 and 1780) in which, under the form of a disputation between an Urbanist and a Clementine, he advocates the suppression of the schism by way of a general council or a compromise. In his Epistola concilii pacis, composed in 1381, and based on a similar work, the Epistola Concordiae of Conrad of Gelnhausen, he urges still more strongly the necessity of a general council and severely criticises the many abuses that were permitted to go on within the Church.

These two treatises of Henry, and the Epistola Concordiae of Conrad, formed the basis of a discourse delivered by Cardinal Pietro Philargi, the future Alexander V, at the first session of the Council of Pisa (26 March 1409; see Bliemetzrieder in Historisches Jahrbuch (Munich, 1904), XXV, 536-541). Henry's Epistola concilii pacis is printed in von der Hardt's Concilium Constantiense, II, 1, 3-60, with the exception of the first and the second chapter, which were afterwards published by the same author in Discrepantia mss. et editionum (Helmstadt, 1715), 9-11.

When in 1382 the French court compelled the professors of the College of Sorbonne (University of Paris) to acknowledge the antipope Clement VII, Henry left the university and spent some time at Eberbach Abbey, a Cistercian monastery near Wiesbaden. A letter which he wrote here to Bishop Eckard of Worms, and which bears the title De scismate was edited by Sommerfeldt in Historisches Jahrbuch (Munich, 1909), XXX, 46–61. Another letter which he wrote here to the same bishop, on the occasion of the death of the bishop's brother, is entitled De contemptu mundi (edited by Sommerfeldt in Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie (Innsbruck, 1905), XXIX, 406-412). A second letter of condolence, written about 1384, was edited by Sommerfeldt in "Hist. Jahrbuch" (Munich, 1909), XXX, 298–307.

Following the invitation of Albert III, Duke of Austria, he went to the University of Vienna in 1384, and assisted in the foundation of a theological faculty. Here he spent the remainder of his life, teaching dogmatic theology, exegesis, and Canon law, and writing numerous treatises.

In 1384 Heinrich von Langenstein, together with his colleague and friend Heinrich Totting von Oytha (who descended from the Northern German town now known as Friesoythe), took up teaching and administrative duties at the newly established University of Vienna (founded 1365, first students subscribed 1385).

He died at Vienna, having refused an episcopal see which was offered him by Urban VI.

Legacy edit

In 2008 the University of Vienna attached a third memorial plaque to Heinrich von Langenstein and Heinrich Totting in the University Church, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna (first: 1397 upon their burial in the Apostelchoir, second: upon re-burial of the two friends in the Katharinenkapelle 1510) near the Apostelchoir, acknowledging the two teachers the "founding professors" of the University of Vienna.

Works edit

Roth (see below) ascribes to him seven works on astronomy, eighteen historico-political treatises on the schism, seventeen polemics, fifty ascetical treatises, and twelve epistles, sermons and pamphlets. Among his printed works are:

  • Tractatulus de arte praedicandi valde utilis, 1494
  • De conceptione, a defence of the Immaculate Conception (Strasburg, 1500)
  • Contra disceptationes et praedicationes contrarias fratrum Mendicantium, another defence of the Immaculate Conception against some of the Mendicants (Milan, 1480; Basle, 1500; Strasburg, 1516)
  • Speculum animae or mirror of the soul, an ascetic treatise edited by Wimpfeling (Strasburg, 1507)
  • Secreta sacerdotum que in missa teneri debent multum utilia, treating of certain abuses in the celebration of Mass, edited by Michael Lochmayer (Heidelberg, 1489), and often thereafter
  • Tractatus bipartitus de contractibus, (c. 1392) also known as the Tractatus de contractibus et de origine censuum. A treaties on money, prices, and contracts. It is published in manuscript from among the works of Jean Gerson (Cologne, 1483), IV, 185–224. A transcribed edition of this text can be found here, and extensive bibliographic information here.
  • Summa de republica, a work on public law
  • Cathedra Petri, a work on ecclesiastical policy.

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c Hockey, Thomas A.; Virginia Trimble; Thomas R. Williams; Katherine Bracher, eds. (2007). Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. p. 483. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7. ISBN 9780387310220.
  2. ^ a b Dan Burton (ed.), De Visione Stellarum, Brill, 2007, p. 19 n. 8: "Oresme probably received his master of arts degree by 1342 and had become the Grand Master of the College of Navarre in 1356 – having apparently earned his Doctorate in Theology by that time. On the other hand, Henry of Langenstein, who may have been born around the same time as Oresme (Henry, b. 1325), did not finish his master of arts until 1363 and his masters [sic] of theology until 1376. So while they certainly may have been at the University of Paris at the same time, Oresme was definitely the senior of the two."
  3. ^ Hans Rupprich, Hedwig Heger, Die deutsche Literatur vom späten Mittelalter bis zum Barock – Das ausgehende Mittelalter, Humanismus und Renaissance: 1370-1520, C.H. Beck, 1994, p. 464: "Wahrscheinlich nicht mehr unmittelbarer Schüler, wohl aber Fortsetzer der Tradition Langensteins war Johann von Gmunden († 1442), der Begründer der Wiener astronomischen Schule."

References edit

  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Henry of Langenstein". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Otto Hartwig, Henricus de Langenstein dictus de Hassia: zwei Untersuchungen über das Leben und die Schriften Heinrichs von Langenstein (Marburg, 1857)
  • Ferdinand Wilhelm Emil Roth, Zur Bibliographie des Henricus Heinbuche de Hassia, dictus de Langenstein in II. Beiheft zum Centralblatt für Bibliothekswesen (Leipzig, 1888)
  • August Kneer, Die Entstehung der Konziliaren Theorie. Zur Geschichte des Schismas und der Kirchen politischen Schriftsteller K. von Gelnhausen and H. von Langenstein (Rome, 1893)
  • Franz Placidus Bliemetzrieder, Des General Konzil im grossen abendländischen Schisma (Paderborn, 1904), passim
  • Joseph Aschbach, Geschichte der Wiener Universität (Vienna, 1865), I, 366-402
  • F.J. Scheuffgen, Beiträge zur Geschichte des grossen Schismas (Freiburg im Br., 1889), 35 sqq.
  • Georg von Peuerbach, "Viri mathematici". In: Tabulae Eclypsium (1514)

Further reading edit

  • Shank, Michael. Unless you believe, you shall not understand: Logic, University and Society in Late Medieval Vienna. Princeton University Press, 1988.
  • Steneck, Nicholas. Science and Creation in the Middle Ages: Henry of Langenstein (d. 1397) on Genesis. University of Notre Dame Press, 1977.

January 01, 1970
henry, langenstein, also, known, henry, hesse, elder, german, heinrich, langenstein, born, heinrich, heinbuche, 1325, february, 1397, german, scholastic, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, bornheinrich, heinbuchec, 1325landgraviate, hessedied, 1397, febru. Henry of Langenstein also known as Henry of Hesse the Elder German Heinrich von Langenstein born Heinrich Heinbuche c 1325 11 February 1397 was a German scholastic philosopher theologian and mathematician Henry of LangensteinBornHeinrich Heinbuchec 1325Landgraviate of HesseDied 1397 02 11 11 February 1397Vienna Duchy of Austria Holy Roman EmpireNationalityGermanOther namesHeinrich von LangensteinEducationUniversity of Paris M A 1363 M Th 1376 2 Known forReviving Eudoxus cosmological model of homocentric spheres 1 Scientific careerFieldsAstronomyInstitutionsUniversity of ParisUniversity of ViennaAcademic advisorsNicole Oresme 1 2 Notable studentsJohannes von Gmunden 3 Contents 1 Biography 2 Legacy 3 Works 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further readingBiography editHenry was born at Hainbuch Hembuche near Langenstein in the Landgraviate of Hesse He studied at the University of Paris where he finished his M A in 1363 and his M Th in 1376 and became professor of philosophy there this same year In 1368 on the occasion of the appearance of a comet which the astrologers of his times claimed to be a sure foreboding of certain future events he wrote a treatise entitled Quaestio de cometa in which he refutes the then prevalent astrological beliefs 1 At the instance of the university he wrote three other treatises on the same subject completed in 1373 On his scientific work A C Crombie writes Oresme extended the impetus theory to psychology One of his followers Henry while doubting whether the proportions and intentions of the elements of a given substance were knowable in detail seriously considered the possibility of the generation of a plant or animal from the corpse of another species for example of a fox from a dead dog Augustine to Galileo Vol 2 1922 p 114 When the Western Schism broke out in 1378 Henry sided with Urban VI against Clement VII and wrote various treatises in defence of the former In 1379 he composed Epistola pacis see Helmstadter Program 1779 and 1780 in which under the form of a disputation between an Urbanist and a Clementine he advocates the suppression of the schism by way of a general council or a compromise In his Epistola concilii pacis composed in 1381 and based on a similar work the Epistola Concordiae of Conrad of Gelnhausen he urges still more strongly the necessity of a general council and severely criticises the many abuses that were permitted to go on within the Church These two treatises of Henry and the Epistola Concordiae of Conrad formed the basis of a discourse delivered by Cardinal Pietro Philargi the future Alexander V at the first session of the Council of Pisa 26 March 1409 see Bliemetzrieder in Historisches Jahrbuch Munich 1904 XXV 536 541 Henry s Epistola concilii pacis is printed in von der Hardt s Concilium Constantiense II 1 3 60 with the exception of the first and the second chapter which were afterwards published by the same author in Discrepantia mss et editionum Helmstadt 1715 9 11 When in 1382 the French court compelled the professors of the College of Sorbonne University of Paris to acknowledge the antipope Clement VII Henry left the university and spent some time at Eberbach Abbey a Cistercian monastery near Wiesbaden A letter which he wrote here to Bishop Eckard of Worms and which bears the title De scismate was edited by Sommerfeldt in Historisches Jahrbuch Munich 1909 XXX 46 61 Another letter which he wrote here to the same bishop on the occasion of the death of the bishop s brother is entitled De contemptu mundi edited by Sommerfeldt in Zeitschrift fur katholische Theologie Innsbruck 1905 XXIX 406 412 A second letter of condolence written about 1384 was edited by Sommerfeldt in Hist Jahrbuch Munich 1909 XXX 298 307 Following the invitation of Albert III Duke of Austria he went to the University of Vienna in 1384 and assisted in the foundation of a theological faculty Here he spent the remainder of his life teaching dogmatic theology exegesis and Canon law and writing numerous treatises In 1384 Heinrich von Langenstein together with his colleague and friend Heinrich Totting von Oytha who descended from the Northern German town now known as Friesoythe took up teaching and administrative duties at the newly established University of Vienna founded 1365 first students subscribed 1385 He died at Vienna having refused an episcopal see which was offered him by Urban VI Legacy editIn 2008 the University of Vienna attached a third memorial plaque to Heinrich von Langenstein and Heinrich Totting in the University Church St Stephen s Cathedral Vienna first 1397 upon their burial in the Apostelchoir second upon re burial of the two friends in the Katharinenkapelle 1510 near the Apostelchoir acknowledging the two teachers the founding professors of the University of Vienna Works editRoth see below ascribes to him seven works on astronomy eighteen historico political treatises on the schism seventeen polemics fifty ascetical treatises and twelve epistles sermons and pamphlets Among his printed works are Tractatulus de arte praedicandi valde utilis 1494 De conceptione a defence of the Immaculate Conception Strasburg 1500 Contra disceptationes et praedicationes contrarias fratrum Mendicantium another defence of the Immaculate Conception against some of the Mendicants Milan 1480 Basle 1500 Strasburg 1516 Speculum animae or mirror of the soul an ascetic treatise edited by Wimpfeling Strasburg 1507 Secreta sacerdotum que in missa teneri debent multum utilia treating of certain abuses in the celebration of Mass edited by Michael Lochmayer Heidelberg 1489 and often thereafter Tractatus bipartitus de contractibus c 1392 also known as the Tractatus de contractibus et de origine censuum A treaties on money prices and contracts It is published in manuscript from among the works of Jean Gerson Cologne 1483 IV 185 224 A transcribed edition of this text can be found here and extensive bibliographic information here Summa de republica a work on public law Cathedra Petri a work on ecclesiastical policy Notes edit a b c Hockey Thomas A Virginia Trimble Thomas R Williams Katherine Bracher eds 2007 Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers New York Springer p 483 doi 10 1007 978 0 387 30400 7 ISBN 9780387310220 a b Dan Burton ed De Visione Stellarum Brill 2007 p 19 n 8 Oresme probably received his master of arts degree by 1342 and had become the Grand Master of the College of Navarre in 1356 having apparently earned his Doctorate in Theology by that time On the other hand Henry of Langenstein who may have been born around the same time as Oresme Henry b 1325 did not finish his master of arts until 1363 and his masters sic of theology until 1376 So while they certainly may have been at the University of Paris at the same time Oresme was definitely the senior of the two Hans Rupprich Hedwig Heger Die deutsche Literatur vom spaten Mittelalter bis zum Barock Das ausgehende Mittelalter Humanismus und Renaissance 1370 1520 C H Beck 1994 p 464 Wahrscheinlich nicht mehr unmittelbarer Schuler wohl aber Fortsetzer der Tradition Langensteins war Johann von Gmunden 1442 der Begrunder der Wiener astronomischen Schule References edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Henry of Langenstein Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Otto Hartwig Henricus de Langenstein dictus de Hassia zwei Untersuchungen uber das Leben und die Schriften Heinrichs von Langenstein Marburg 1857 Ferdinand Wilhelm Emil Roth Zur Bibliographie des Henricus Heinbuche de Hassia dictus de Langenstein in II Beiheft zum Centralblatt fur Bibliothekswesen Leipzig 1888 August Kneer Die Entstehung der Konziliaren Theorie Zur Geschichte des Schismas und der Kirchen politischen Schriftsteller K von Gelnhausen and H von Langenstein Rome 1893 Franz Placidus Bliemetzrieder Des General Konzil im grossen abendlandischen Schisma Paderborn 1904 passim Joseph Aschbach Geschichte der Wiener Universitat Vienna 1865 I 366 402 F J Scheuffgen Beitrage zur Geschichte des grossen Schismas Freiburg im Br 1889 35 sqq Georg von Peuerbach Viri mathematici In Tabulae Eclypsium 1514 Further reading editShank Michael Unless you believe you shall not understand Logic University and Society in Late Medieval Vienna Princeton University Press 1988 Steneck Nicholas Science and Creation in the Middle Ages Henry of Langenstein d 1397 on Genesis University of Notre Dame Press 1977 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry of Langenstein amp oldid 1216540353, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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