Henry Redhead Yorke

Henry Redhead Yorke, in early life Henry Redhead (1772–1813) was an English writer and radical publicist.

Henry Redhead Yorke

Life

Redhead was born and brought up in Barbuda, to a mother who was a freed slave from Barbuda and a father who was an Antiguan plantation owner and manager. He was subsequently taken to England,^[1] and raised at Little Eaton, in Derbyshire.^[2] It is now considered probable that his parents were Samuel Redhead (died 1785) and Sarah Bullock.^[3]

In Paris in 1792, Yorke witnessed Louis XVI's appearance before the convention and was close to the Sheares brothers, and others of the so-called "British Club".^[2] He fell out with the British radicals over revolutionary politics, getting into disputes with John Oswald.^[4] He baulked at a clause in a proposed and defeated resolution of 11 January 1793 encouraging an English insurgency;^[5] and as a result was denounced by the economic writer Robert Rayment. Redhead was then the target of an arrest warrant made out by Jacques-Louis David, and left France.^[6] From this time Redhead added Yorke to his name.^[2]

On his return to England Yorke joined a radical society at Derby, which sent him in 1793 to Sheffield to assist another such society. On 7 April 1794 he addressed a large outdoor meeting at Sheffield, convened to petition for a pardon to Scottish radicals convicted in political trials and to promote the abolitionist cause. His description was circulated to the chief magistrates of Liverpool, Newcastle, Sunderland, Shields, Hull and Carlisle which led to his arrest in Lincolnshire for the expression of revolutionary sentiments, through the collaboration of Richard Acklom Harrison, Collector of Customs in Hull and John Wray, Mayor of Barton, Lincolnshire.^[7]

At the York spring assize of 1795 true bills were found against him for conspiracy, sedition, and libel. On 23 July 1795 Yorke was tried at York before Sir Giles Rooke for conspiracy, in the absence of his co-defendants, including Joseph Gales, who had absconded. Yorke advocated parliamentary reform, but declared himself opposed to violence and anarchy. On 27 November 1795 he was sentenced by the King's Bench to two years' imprisonment in Dorchester Castle, fined, and required to give sureties of good behaviour for seven years.^[2]

Yorke was released in March 1798. His writings from then on showed support for the war policy of the Pitt administration, and he wrote on 3 August 1798 a private letter to William Wickham condemning the views of the Sheares brothers. He was a student of the Inner Temple from 1801, and revisited France in 1802. In 1806 he was near having a duel with Sir Francis Burdett, both parties being bound over to keep the peace.^[2]

Yorke suffered periods of serious illness, and died at Chelsea on 28 January 1813.^[2]

Works

In 1792, under his original name Redhead, he published a pamphlet against the abolition of slavery, but his opinions changed soon afterwards.^[2]

In a Letter to the Reformers (Dorchester, 1798), written in prison, Yorke justified the war with France. He wrote letters for twelve months in The Star under the signature of Alfred or Galgacus (these were reprinted in a short volume), and was part proprietor of the True Briton.^[2]

In 1801, and again in 1811, Yorke issued synopses of lectures in London on political and historical subjects. After a bout of illness, he was asked by Richard Valpy to undertake an expansion of John Campbell's Lives of British Admirals, but left the work incomplete.^[2]

Yorke also published:^[2]

• a letter to John Frost (1750–1842), entitled These are the Times that try Men's Souls, 1793;
• Reason Urged against Precedent, in a letter to the people of Derby, c.1793;^[8]
• a report on his trial, 1795;
• Thoughts on Civil Government, 1800;
• Annals of Political Economy, 1803;
• Letters from France, 1804;
• Mr Redhead Yorke's Political Review, 1805–11. Considered eccentric, the review admired Edmund Burke but was anti-Catholic.^[9]

Family

Yorke married, in 1800, the daughter of Mr. Andrews, keeper of Dorchester Castle, and had four children.^[2] Among them was Henry Galgacus Redhead Yorke, Member of Parliament.^[10]

Notes

1. Goodrich, Amanda (8 April 2019). "Ethnic minorities in Parliament: a new addition to the Victorian Commons". The Victorian Commons. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
2. Lee, Sidney, ed. (1900). "Yorke, Henry Redhead" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 63. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
3. Samuel Redhead ????-1785, Legacies of British Slavery.
4. Minogue, Ralph A. "Oswald, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20922. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
5. John Goldworth Alger, The British Colony in Paris, 1792-93, The English Historical Review Vol. 13, No. 52 (Oct. 1898), pp. 672-694, at pp. 675–6. Published by: Oxford University Press. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/547882
6. William Hauptman, "The Blood-Stained Brush": David and the British circa 1802, The British Art Journal Vol. 10, No. 3 (Winter/Spring 2009/10), pp. 78-97, at p. 82. Published by: The British Art Journal. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41615112
7. "Collectors of Customs". The Story of Joseph and Richard Acklom Harrison. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
8. @DerbyLibraries (26 October 2023). "Henry Redhead Yorke was an Eighteenth century radical of Afro-Caribbean heritage..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
9. J. J. Sack, The Memory of Burke and the Memory of Pitt: English Conservatism Confronts Its Past, 1806-1829, The Historical Journal Vol. 30, No. 3 (Sep. 1987), pp. 623-640, at p. 630. Published by: Cambridge University Press. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639162
10. John Nichols (1848). The Gentleman's Magazine. E. Cave. p. 96. Retrieved 29 July 2013.

Attribution

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1900). "Yorke, Henry Redhead". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 63. London: Smith, Elder & Co.