Henry Noris

Henry Noris (29 August 1631 – 23 February 1704), or Enrico Noris, was an Italian church historian, theologian and cardinal.

His Eminence Henry Noris
Engraved eighteenth century portrait of Enrico Noris (1695-1704)
Orders
Created cardinal	12 December 1695 by Pope Innocent XII
Personal details
Born	(1631-08-29)29 August 1631 Verona, Republic of Venice
Died	23 February 1704(1704-02-23) (aged 72) Rome, Papal States
Buried	Verona Cathedral
Nationality	Italian
Denomination	Roman Catholic

Funeral monument in the Verona Cathedral

Biography

Noris was born at Verona, and was baptized with the name Hieronymus (Girolamo). His ancestors were Irish. His father, Alessandro, had written a work on the German wars. At the age of fifteen he was sent to study under the Jesuits at Rimini, and there entered the novitiate of the Hermits of Saint Augustine, where he took the name "Enrico". He caught the attention of his order's Father Assistant of Italy, Celestino Bruni, who recommended him to the attention of the Father General, Fulgencio Petrelli (1645–1648).

After his probation, Noris was sent to Rome to study theology. He lived in his Order's house at Sant'Agostino, in the company of a number of scholars in secular and ecclesiastical history, including Christian Lupus.^[1] He taught theology at his order's houses^[2] in Pesaro, Perugia, and Padua.^[3]

There he completed The History of Pelagianism and Dissertations on the Fifth General Council, the two works which, before and after his death, occasioned much controversy. Together with the Vindiciae Augustinianae, they were printed at Padua in 1673, having been approved by a special commission at Rome. Noris himself went to Rome to give an account of his orthodoxy before this commission, where he came to the (favorable) attention of the Assessor at the Holy Office, Girolamo Casante.^[4]

Pope Clement X named him one of the qualificators of the Holy Office, in recognition of his learning and sound doctrine. In 1674, Noris was appointed court theologian to Grand Duke Cosimo III of Tuscany, on the recommendation of Antonio Magliabecci, the Ducal Librarian.^[5] It was Cosimo III who appointed him lecturer in church history at the University of Pisa.^[6]

But, after the publication of these works, further charges were made against Noris of teaching the heresies of Jansenius and Baius. In a brief to the prefect of the Spanish Inquisition, 31 July 1748, ordering the name of Noris to be taken off the list of forbidden books, Pope Benedict XIV says that these charges were never proved; that they were rejected repeatedly by the Holy Office, and repudiated by the popes who had honoured him.

In 1675 he was admitted to Queen Christina of Sweden's salon in Rome. A fellow member was Cardinal Vincenzo Maria Orsini, the future Pope Benedict XIII. After her death in 1689, a formal Academy was founded in Rome, the Arcadian Academy, and Noris was a member.^[7]

It is said that Noris was offered the bishopric of Pistoia, which he refused. This would have been in 1678, when the incumbent died.

In 1692 Noris was made assistant librarian in the Vatican by Pope Innocent XII. The librarian at the time was Cardinal Girolamo Casanata, the same person who had supported Noris when he was brought before the Inquisition. On 12 December 1695, Noris was named Cardinal-Priest of the Title of Sant'Agostino. In 1700, on the death of Cardinal Casanate, he was given full charge of the Vatican Library.

Noris participated in the 1700 Conclave after the death of Pope Innocent XII (Pignatelli), which elected Pope Clement XI (Albani)on 23 November.^[8]

He died in Rome on 23 February 1704, at the age of 72, and was buried in his titular church of Sant'Agostino.

Works

 

Annus et epochae Syromacedonum, 1696

Noris's works, apart from some minor controversial treatises, are highly valued for accuracy and thoroughness of research. In addition to those already named, the most important are:

• Annus et epochae Syromacedonum (in Latin). Leipzig: Thomas Fritsch. 1696.
• "Fasti Consulares Anonimi e Manuscripto Bibliothecae Caesareae Deprompti"
• "Historia Controversiae de Uno ex Trinitate Passo"
• "Apologia Monachorum Scythiae"
• "Historia Donatistarum e Schedis Norisianis Excerptae"
• "Storia delle Investiture delle Dignita Ecclesiastiche".

Select portions of his works have been frequently reprinted: at Padua, 1673–1678, 1708; at Louvain, 1702; at Bassano, edited by Giovanni Lorenzo Berti, 1769. The best is the edition of all the works, in five folio volumes, by the Ballerini brothers, Verona, 1729–1741.

Notes

1. the Life by the Ballerini brothers, in the Berti edition, xx.
2. Guarnacci I, 449: Cito emenso scientiarum curriculo, quas pius ille Ordo suis Asseclis praescribit, tradendae ipse Philosophiae per biennium praeficitur. Inde viridi in aetate annorum 27. Pisaurum mittitur Theologiae Praeceptor, quod et Perusiae item praestitit. Patavium tandem petit in eodem munere Magistri Theologi.
3. H. Zazzio in J. L. Berti, OESA, Henrici Norisii Opera Omnia Theologica Tomus Primus (Venice 1769), xiii: Interim annos natus septem supra viginti, quorum unum et alterum in edocendis Philosophiam Syncellitis transegerat, Theologicae scholae praeficitur primum Pisauri, deinde Perusiae. Hoc munere ad quinquennium summa cum laude, atque Augustinianae doctrinae propagatione perfunctus, Romam accitur, Magistrali laurea pro exantlatis laboribus decorandus. Inde Patavium, amplissimum scientiarum Emporium digressus, acceptam tradendae Theologiae provinciam ibidem jubetur persequi...
4. Crescimbeni, 203
5. Guarnacci, I, 450.
6. Bianchini, in Crescembi I, 204; the Life by the Ballerini brothers say he held the title of Doctor, and that the appointment was to a cathedra, xxi; Zazzerio calls him Professor, xiii.
7. See the "Life" by Bianchini
8. Sede Vacante of 1700 (Prof. J.P. Adams)

References

•   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Henry Noris". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company., article written by Francis Edward Tourscher.
• Donato, Maria Pia (2013). "NORIS, Enrico". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 78: Natta–Nurra (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
• Léon G. Pélissier, "Le card. Henri de Noris et sa correspondence", Studi e documenti di storia e diritto 11 (1890), 25–64; 253–332.
• Hugo von Hurter, Nomenclator. Katholik, I (1884), 181.
• Pietro and Girolamo Ballerini, Vita Norisii in their ed. of Noris' works, IV (Verona, 1729–41); a shorter Life is prefixed to the edition of Padua, 1708.
• Life (Vita Eminentissimi Auctoris), by Hieronymys Zazzerio, included in the 1708 edition of Noris, Historia Pelagiana (Patavii 1708); and reprinted in J. L. Berti (editor), Henrici Norisii Opera Omnia Theologica, Tomus Primus (Venice 1769).
• Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Le Vite degli Arcadi illustri, Parte I (Roma: Antonio de' Rossi 1708), 199-222 ("Life" by Francesco Bianchini, a member of the Arcadian Academy).
• Lanteri, Postrema Saecula Sex Religionis Augustinianae, III (Tolentino, 1858), 64 sq.
• Mario Guarnacci, Vitae et res gestae Pontificum Romanorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium, book 1 (Rome: publishers Bernabo & Lazzarini 1751), pp. 447–454.
• Michael Klaus Wernicke, Kardinal Enrico Noris und siene Verteidigung Augustins (Würzburg : Augustinus-Verlag, 1973).
• Life of Cardinal Enrico Noris (with copious references)