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Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle

Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, KG, PC (16 April 1720 – 22 February 1794) was born in London, the second son of the 7th Earl of Lincoln.

Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne in the robes of the Order of the Garter, by William Hoare, c. 1752.
"The Return From Shooting" (1788) by Sir Francis Wheatley depicting The Duke of Newcastle, his friend Colonel Litchfield and the Duke's gamekeeper, Mansell along with four Clumber Spaniels.

Life edit

Henry's father died in 1728, and his brother, the 8th Earl of Lincoln, died in 1730, making Henry the 9th Earl of Lincoln. As he was still a minor, his guardian was his uncle, the 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Newcastle was childless and soon regarded Lord Lincoln as his heir. Newcastle, and his brother Henry Pelham, were the two most powerful men in England, and both would serve as Prime Minister. Newcastle controlled political patronage of Parliament and the Crown, and so Lord Lincoln was showered with sinecure posts which brought him a large income. Chief among these sinecures was the lifetime appointment as Controller of Customs for the port of London.

On 16 October 1744, Lord Lincoln married his cousin Catherine Pelham (24 July 1727 – 27 July 1760), the daughter of his uncle Henry Pelham, who was at that time prime minister. An agreement was signed whereby Lord Lincoln became the heir of both his uncles, Henry Pelham and the Duke. Through his uncles, Lord Lincoln was also given a place at court, being made a gentleman of the King's Bedchamber. In 1752, he was made a Knight of the Garter. Lincoln was also "famous among the aristocracy for the length of his penis and the degree to which he used it with both women and men."[1][2]

In 1756, his uncle, who was already Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, requested from King George II to also be created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne with a special remainder to his nephew, Lord Lincoln. George II granted the request, and when the Duke died in 1768, Lord Lincoln became the 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne.

The new duke steered clear of most politics, except in two instances. He had considerable influence because of the parliamentary seats he controlled. He used his influence to promote the career of his cousin Sir Henry Clinton, a career army officer. The Duke lobbied successfully for Sir Henry to be appointed commander-in-chief of the British forces in America during the American Revolution. The Duke's son, Thomas, was the aide-de-camp to Sir Henry Clinton. In 1768, the Duke was appointed to the Privy Council.

In December 1783, the Duke was asked by King George III to support the new ministry of William Pitt the Younger, who was facing difficulty in mustering support in parliament for his premiership. Henry ordered the six MPs under his control to support Pitt, helping Pitt gain enough votes in parliament to form a ministry.

The Duke died in 1794 aged 73 in Westminster.

Legacy edit

 
Coat of arms of Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, KG, PC

The Duke is mainly known today as the creator of Clumber Park, his country seat in Nottinghamshire, and the dog breed the Clumber Spaniel, named after the estate. Clumber Park was begun in 1768 on the large estate the Duke had inherited from his uncle. Four thousand acres (16 square kilometres) of barren heath were landscaped into one of the most beautiful private parks in England, complete with a large man-made lake. The great mansion built there was demolished in 1938, but the park is today owned by the National Trust and is open to the public.

He had also been a Bailiff on the board of the Bedford Level Corporation Fenland reclamation scheme from 1742 to 1764.[3]

The papers of the 2nd Duke are now held by Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham.

Family life edit

Before his wife's death at the age of 33, the Duke had four sons with her:

References edit

  1. ^ Rousseau, G.SPerilous Enlightenment, Manchester University Press, 1987, p87
  2. ^ Mowl, Timothy "Horace Walpole", Faber, pLIII
  3. ^ Wells, Samuel. History of the Drainage of the Great Level of the Fens Called ..., Volume 1. p. 496.

External links edit

  • Biography of the 2nd Duke, with links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections at The University of Nottingham
  • "Archival material relating to Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle". UK National Archives.  
  • Portraits of Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne at the National Portrait Gallery, London  
Political offices
Preceded by Master of the Jewel Office
1744–1745
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cofferer of the Household
1747–1754
Succeeded by
Preceded by Auditor of the Exchequer
1751–1794
Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire
1742–1757
Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire
1768–1794
Succeeded by
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
1768–1794
Succeeded by
Peerage of England
Preceded by
George Clinton
Earl of Lincoln
1730–1794
Succeeded by

henry, pelham, clinton, duke, newcastle, henry, fiennes, pelham, clinton, duke, newcastle, under, lyne, april, 1720, february, 1794, born, london, second, earl, lincoln, henry, fiennes, pelham, clinton, duke, newcastle, under, lyne, robes, order, garter, willi. Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton 2nd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne KG PC 16 April 1720 22 February 1794 was born in London the second son of the 7th Earl of Lincoln Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton 2nd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne in the robes of the Order of the Garter by William Hoare c 1752 The Return From Shooting 1788 by Sir Francis Wheatley depicting The Duke of Newcastle his friend Colonel Litchfield and the Duke s gamekeeper Mansell along with four Clumber Spaniels This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Contents 1 Life 2 Legacy 3 Family life 4 References 5 External linksLife editHenry s father died in 1728 and his brother the 8th Earl of Lincoln died in 1730 making Henry the 9th Earl of Lincoln As he was still a minor his guardian was his uncle the 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle was childless and soon regarded Lord Lincoln as his heir Newcastle and his brother Henry Pelham were the two most powerful men in England and both would serve as Prime Minister Newcastle controlled political patronage of Parliament and the Crown and so Lord Lincoln was showered with sinecure posts which brought him a large income Chief among these sinecures was the lifetime appointment as Controller of Customs for the port of London On 16 October 1744 Lord Lincoln married his cousin Catherine Pelham 24 July 1727 27 July 1760 the daughter of his uncle Henry Pelham who was at that time prime minister An agreement was signed whereby Lord Lincoln became the heir of both his uncles Henry Pelham and the Duke Through his uncles Lord Lincoln was also given a place at court being made a gentleman of the King s Bedchamber In 1752 he was made a Knight of the Garter Lincoln was also famous among the aristocracy for the length of his penis and the degree to which he used it with both women and men 1 2 In 1756 his uncle who was already Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne requested from King George II to also be created Duke of Newcastle under Lyne with a special remainder to his nephew Lord Lincoln George II granted the request and when the Duke died in 1768 Lord Lincoln became the 2nd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne The new duke steered clear of most politics except in two instances He had considerable influence because of the parliamentary seats he controlled He used his influence to promote the career of his cousin Sir Henry Clinton a career army officer The Duke lobbied successfully for Sir Henry to be appointed commander in chief of the British forces in America during the American Revolution The Duke s son Thomas was the aide de camp to Sir Henry Clinton In 1768 the Duke was appointed to the Privy Council In December 1783 the Duke was asked by King George III to support the new ministry of William Pitt the Younger who was facing difficulty in mustering support in parliament for his premiership Henry ordered the six MPs under his control to support Pitt helping Pitt gain enough votes in parliament to form a ministry The Duke died in 1794 aged 73 in Westminster Legacy edit nbsp Coat of arms of Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton 2nd Duke of Newcastle KG PC The Duke is mainly known today as the creator of Clumber Park his country seat in Nottinghamshire and the dog breed the Clumber Spaniel named after the estate Clumber Park was begun in 1768 on the large estate the Duke had inherited from his uncle Four thousand acres 16 square kilometres of barren heath were landscaped into one of the most beautiful private parks in England complete with a large man made lake The great mansion built there was demolished in 1938 but the park is today owned by the National Trust and is open to the public He had also been a Bailiff on the board of the Bedford Level Corporation Fenland reclamation scheme from 1742 to 1764 3 The papers of the 2nd Duke are now held by Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham Family life editBefore his wife s death at the age of 33 the Duke had four sons with her George Pelham Clinton Lord Clinton 26 November 1745 19 August 1752 Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton Earl of Lincoln 5 November 1750 18 October 1778 who married Lady Frances Seymour Conway 4 December 1751 11 November 1820 on 21 May 1775 and had issue Thomas Pelham Clinton 3rd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 1 July 1752 18 May 1795 who married Lady Anna Maria Stanhope 31 March 1760 18 October 1834 on 2 May 1782 and had issue Lord John Pelham Clinton died 1781 References edit Rousseau G SPerilous Enlightenment Manchester University Press 1987 p87 Mowl Timothy Horace Walpole Faber pLIII Wells Samuel History of the Drainage of the Great Level of the Fens Called Volume 1 p 496 External links editBiography of the 2nd Duke with links to online catalogues from Manuscripts and Special Collections at The University of Nottingham Archival material relating to Henry Pelham Clinton 2nd Duke of Newcastle UK National Archives nbsp Portraits of Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton 2nd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne at the National Portrait Gallery London nbsp Political offices Preceded byThe Lord Bergavenny Master of the Jewel Office1744 1745 Succeeded byLord Glenorchy Preceded byEdmund Waller Cofferer of the Household1747 1754 Succeeded bySir George Lyttelton Bt Preceded byThe Earl of Orford Auditor of the Exchequer1751 1794 Succeeded byThe Lord Grenville Honorary titles Preceded byThe Lord Montfort Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire1742 1757 Succeeded byViscount Royston Preceded byThe Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire1768 1794 Succeeded byThe Duke of Newcastle under Lyne Peerage of Great Britain Preceded byThomas Pelham Holles Duke of Newcastle under Lyne1768 1794 Succeeded byThomas Pelham Clinton Peerage of England Preceded byGeorge Clinton Earl of Lincoln1730 1794 Succeeded byThomas Pelham Clinton Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry Pelham Clinton 2nd Duke of Newcastle amp oldid 1178801761, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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