Henry II (18 April 1503 – 25 May 1555), nicknamed Sangüesino because he was born at Sangüesa, was the King of Navarre from 1517, although his kingdom had been reduced to a small territory north of the Pyrenees by the Spanish conquest of 1512. Henry succeeded his mother, Queen Catherine, upon her death.[1] His father was her husband and co-ruler, King John III, who died in 1516.[1]
After the latest failed reconquest attempt of Navarre in 1516, John III died, followed by Catherine I's demise in her independent dependencies of Béarn (1517). Heir apparent Henry was proclaimed King of Navarre, and was lavishly crowned in Lescar. The title was also claimed by Ferdinand II of Aragon, who had invaded the realm in 1512 and usurped the title, and the claim was continued by his grandson Charles V. Henry II enjoyed the protection of Francis I of France.
Henry II was thirteen when becoming King in February 1517, and his sister Anne of Navarre functioned as his regent until he became fifteen and was declared of legal majority on 18 April 1518. As Henry was often absent from Navarre, his sister Anne continued to act as his regent there when he was absent.
After ineffectual conferences at Noyon in 1516 and at Montpellier in 1518, an active effort was made in 1521 to establish him in de facto sovereignty in Pamplona and occupied territory.[2] A French and Navarrese expedition made another attempt at reconquering occupied Navarre, but were ultimately repelled by Charles after the Battle of Noain (June 1521).[3]
Henry in contemporary miniature
In 1525, Henry was taken prisoner at the Battle of Pavia,[4] but he contrived to escape under a guise and in 1526, married Margaret, sister of King Francis I and widow of Charles, Duke of Alençon.[2] In 1530, after the Treaty of Cambrai between Castile and France, Charles V evacuated the northernmost county (merindad) of Navarre, Lower Navarre, allowing Henry to seize it. The Pyrenean border between Lower and Upper Navarre now constitutes the Franco-Spanish border in this sector.
Henry had some strong sympathy with the Huguenots, and was fluent in both French and Spanish, according to the seigneur de Brantôme.[5] He died at Hagetmau on 25 May 1555.[6]
Marriageedit
In 1526, he married Margaret of Angoulême[7] who became known as Marguerite de Navarre (11 April 1492 – 21 December 1549) and had issue:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Henry II. of Navarre". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
Cholakian, Patricia Francis; Cholakian, Rouben Charles (2006). Marguerite de Navarre: Mother of the Renaissance. Columbia University Press.
Commire, Anne (2000). Women in World History. Vol. 10.
Hillgarth, J. N. (2000). The Mirror of Spain, 1500–1700: The Formation of a Myth. University of Michigan.
Stephenson, Barbara (2017). The Power and Patronage of Marguerite de Navarre. Routledge.
Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2011). A Global Chronology of Conflict:From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Vol. II. ABC-CLIO.
Vernier, Richard (2008). Lord of the Pyrenees: Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix (1331-1391). The Boydell Press.
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Henry II 18 April 1503 25 May 1555 nicknamed Sanguesino because he was born at Sanguesa was the King of Navarre from 1517 although his kingdom had been reduced to a small territory north of the Pyrenees by the Spanish conquest of 1512 Henry succeeded his mother Queen Catherine upon her death 1 His father was her husband and co ruler King John III who died in 1516 1 Henry IIPortrait by unknown French artistKing of NavarreReign12 February 1517 25 May 1555PredecessorCatherineSuccessorJeanne III and AntoineBorn 1503 04 18 18 April 1503SanguesaDied25 May 1555 1555 05 25 aged 52 HagetmauSpouseMargaret of Angouleme m 1526 died 1549 wbr Issuemore Jeanne III of NavarreHouseAlbretFatherJohn III of NavarreMotherCatherine of NavarreReligionRoman Catholic although strongly sympathized with Calvinists throughout his lifeSignature Contents 1 King of Navarre 2 Marriage 3 Ancestry 4 References 5 SourcesKing of Navarre editAfter the latest failed reconquest attempt of Navarre in 1516 John III died followed by Catherine I s demise in her independent dependencies of Bearn 1517 Heir apparent Henry was proclaimed King of Navarre and was lavishly crowned in Lescar The title was also claimed by Ferdinand II of Aragon who had invaded the realm in 1512 and usurped the title and the claim was continued by his grandson Charles V Henry II enjoyed the protection of Francis I of France Henry II was thirteen when becoming King in February 1517 and his sister Anne of Navarre functioned as his regent until he became fifteen and was declared of legal majority on 18 April 1518 As Henry was often absent from Navarre his sister Anne continued to act as his regent there when he was absent After ineffectual conferences at Noyon in 1516 and at Montpellier in 1518 an active effort was made in 1521 to establish him in de facto sovereignty in Pamplona and occupied territory 2 A French and Navarrese expedition made another attempt at reconquering occupied Navarre but were ultimately repelled by Charles after the Battle of Noain June 1521 3 nbsp Henry in contemporary miniature In 1525 Henry was taken prisoner at the Battle of Pavia 4 but he contrived to escape under a guise and in 1526 married Margaret sister of King Francis I and widow of Charles Duke of Alencon 2 In 1530 after the Treaty of Cambrai between Castile and France Charles V evacuated the northernmost county merindad of Navarre Lower Navarre allowing Henry to seize it The Pyrenean border between Lower and Upper Navarre now constitutes the Franco Spanish border in this sector Henry had some strong sympathy with the Huguenots and was fluent in both French and Spanish according to the seigneur de Brantome 5 He died at Hagetmau on 25 May 1555 6 Marriage editIn 1526 he married Margaret of Angouleme 7 who became known as Marguerite de Navarre 11 April 1492 21 December 1549 and had issue Jeanne III of Navarre 16 November 1528 9 June 1572 mother of Henry IV of France 1 John 7 July 1530 25 December 1530 Ancestry editAncestors of Henry II of Navarre16 Charles II Lord of Albret8 Jean I Lord of Albret17 Anne of Armagnac4 Alain I Lord of Albret18 Alan IX Viscount of Rohan9 Catherine of Rohan19 Marguerite de Dreux2 John III of Navarre20 John I Count of Penthievre10 William Viscount of Limoges21 Marguerite de Clisson5 Frances Countess of Perigord22 Bertrand V Count of Auvergne11 Isabelle de La Tour d Auvergne23 Jacquette du Peschin1 Henry II of Navarre24 John I Count of Foix12 Gaston IV Count of Foix25 Jeanne d Albret6 Gaston Prince of Viana26 John II of Aragon13 Eleanor of Navarre27 Blanche I of Navarre3 Catherine of Navarre28 Charles VI of France14 Charles VII of France29 Isabeau of Bavaria7 Madeleine of Valois30 Louis II of Naples15 Marie of Anjou31 Yolande of AragonReferences edit a b c Vernier 2008 p 4 a b Chisholm 1911 Tucker 2011 p 489 Stephenson 2017 p 5 Hillgarth 2000 p 238 Commire 2000 p 251 Cholakian amp Cholakian 2006 p xxii Sources edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Henry II of Navarre Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 293 Cholakian Patricia Francis Cholakian Rouben Charles 2006 Marguerite de Navarre Mother of the Renaissance Columbia University Press Commire Anne 2000 Women in World History Vol 10 Hillgarth J N 2000 The Mirror of Spain 1500 1700 The Formation of a Myth University of Michigan Stephenson Barbara 2017 The Power and Patronage of Marguerite de Navarre Routledge Tucker Spencer C ed 2011 A Global Chronology of Conflict From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East Vol II ABC CLIO Vernier Richard 2008 Lord of the Pyrenees Gaston Febus Count of Foix 1331 1391 The Boydell Press Henry II of NavarreHouse of AlbretBorn April 18 1503 Died May 25 1555 Regnal titles Preceded byCatherine King of NavarreCount of Foix1517 25 May 1555 Succeeded byJoan III Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry II of Navarre amp oldid 1216840924, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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