This act failed to satisfy either side. All sides took offence at the Emperor openly dictating church doctrine, although the Patriarch of Antioch was pressured into subscribing to the Henotikon. When Patriarch John I of Alexandria refused, the Emperor had him expelled and instead recognized the Miaphysite Peter Mongos, who accepted the Henotikon. However, other miaphysites abandoned him[who?] and were thenceforth called Akephaloi (headless ones), since they had lost their leader.[2] After two years of prevarication and temporizing by Acacius, Pope Felix III of Rome condemned the act and excommunicated Acacius (484), although this was largely ignored in Constantinople, even after the death of Acacius in 489.
Zeno died in 491. His successor Anastasius I was sympathetic to the monophysites, and accepted the Henotikon. However, Anastasius's position was at odds with the predominantly Chalcedonian population of Constantinople, and Vitalian, a Chalcedonian general, attempted to overthrow him in 514. Anastasius then attempted to heal the schism with Pope Hormisdas, but this failed when Anastasius refused to recognize the excommunication of the now deceased Acacius. Vitalian tried to overthrow the emperor a second time, but he was defeated by loyal officers.
The schism caused by the Henotikon was officially settled in 519 when Emperor Justin I recognized the excommunication of Acacius and reunited the Chalcedonian churches. However, the then-Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch still embraced miaphysitism, and their churches came to be known in modern times as the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Meanwhile, the incident did nothing to mend the growing rift between the churches of Constantinople and Rome, which would lead in later centuries to the East-West Schism.
^Aristeides Papadakis, "Peter Mongos", The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, ed. Alexander P. Kazhdan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
Bibliographyedit
Bury, John B. (1958). History of the Later Roman Empire. Dover. ISBN978-0-486-20398-0.
Cameron, Averil; Bryan Ward-Perkins; Michael Whitby (2000). Late Antiquity. ISBN978-0-521-32591-2.
Kötter, Jan-Markus (2013). Zwischen Kaisern und Aposteln. Das Akakianische Schisma (485-519) als kirchlicher Ordnungskonflikt der Spätantike. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN978-3-5151-0389-3.
Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN9780881410563.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Richards, Jeffrey (1979). The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–752. Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN978-0-7100-0098-9.
External linksedit
Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon
Edward Walford, translator, The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594, 1846. Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing ISBN978-1-889758-88-6 – contains a complete English translation of the Henotikon.
The Henoticon (Instrument of Union) (tertullian.org)
January 01, 1970
henotikon, confused, with, enotikon, undertie, which, formerly, served, greek, hyphen, english, greek, ἑνωτικόν, henōtikón, union, christological, document, issued, byzantine, emperor, zeno, unsuccessful, attempt, reconcile, differences, between, supporters, c. Not to be confused with the enotikon the undertie which formerly served as the Greek hyphen The Henotikon h e ˈ n ɒ t ɪ k e n or h e ˈ n ɒ t ɪ ˌ k ɒ n in English Greek ἑnwtikon henōtikon act of union was a christological document issued by Byzantine emperor Zeno in 482 in an unsuccessful attempt to reconcile the differences between the supporters of the Council of Chalcedon and the council s opponents Non Chalcedonian Christians It was followed by the Acacian schism 1 History editIn 451 the Council of Chalcedon settled christological disputes by condemning both Monophysitism held by Eutyches and Nestorianism However large sections of the Eastern Roman Empire especially in Egypt but also in Palestine and Syria held miaphysite views In order to restore unity the Patriarch of Constantinople Acacius devised an eirenic formula which Emperor Zeno promulgated without the approval of a synod of bishops The Henotikon endorsed the condemnations of Eutyches and Nestorius made at Chalcedon and explicitly approved the twelve anathemas of Cyril of Alexandria but avoided any definitive statement on whether Christ had one or two natures attempting to appease both sides of the dispute This act failed to satisfy either side All sides took offence at the Emperor openly dictating church doctrine although the Patriarch of Antioch was pressured into subscribing to the Henotikon When Patriarch John I of Alexandria refused the Emperor had him expelled and instead recognized the Miaphysite Peter Mongos who accepted the Henotikon However other miaphysites abandoned him who and were thenceforth called Akephaloi headless ones since they had lost their leader 2 After two years of prevarication and temporizing by Acacius Pope Felix III of Rome condemned the act and excommunicated Acacius 484 although this was largely ignored in Constantinople even after the death of Acacius in 489 Zeno died in 491 His successor Anastasius I was sympathetic to the monophysites and accepted the Henotikon However Anastasius s position was at odds with the predominantly Chalcedonian population of Constantinople and Vitalian a Chalcedonian general attempted to overthrow him in 514 Anastasius then attempted to heal the schism with Pope Hormisdas but this failed when Anastasius refused to recognize the excommunication of the now deceased Acacius Vitalian tried to overthrow the emperor a second time but he was defeated by loyal officers The schism caused by the Henotikon was officially settled in 519 when Emperor Justin I recognized the excommunication of Acacius and reunited the Chalcedonian churches However the then Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch still embraced miaphysitism and their churches came to be known in modern times as the Oriental Orthodox Churches Meanwhile the incident did nothing to mend the growing rift between the churches of Constantinople and Rome which would lead in later centuries to the East West Schism See also edit nbsp Christianity portal Christology Hypostatic unionReferences edit Meyendorff 1989 pp 194 202 Aristeides Papadakis Peter Mongos The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium ed Alexander P Kazhdan Oxford Oxford University Press 2005 Bibliography editBury John B 1958 History of the Later Roman Empire Dover ISBN 978 0 486 20398 0 Cameron Averil Bryan Ward Perkins Michael Whitby 2000 Late Antiquity ISBN 978 0 521 32591 2 Kotter Jan Markus 2013 Zwischen Kaisern und Aposteln Das Akakianische Schisma 485 519 als kirchlicher Ordnungskonflikt der Spatantike Franz Steiner Verlag ISBN 978 3 5151 0389 3 Meyendorff John 1989 Imperial unity and Christian divisions The Church 450 680 A D The Church in history Vol 2 Crestwood NY St Vladimir s Seminary Press ISBN 9780881410563 Ostrogorsky George 1956 History of the Byzantine State Oxford Basil Blackwell Richards Jeffrey 1979 The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages 476 752 Routledge amp Kegan Paul ISBN 978 0 7100 0098 9 External links editCatholic Encyclopedia Henoticon Edward Walford translator The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594 1846 Reprinted 2008 Evolution Publishing ISBN 978 1 889758 88 6 contains a complete English translation of the Henotikon The Henoticon Instrument of Union tertullian org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henotikon amp oldid 1211501142, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
