This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: see this and links within. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(January 2020)
Hemiscyllium is a genus of sharks in the family Hemiscylliidae.
Hemiscyllium sharks of the family Hemiscylliidae are also known as walking sharks,[1] bamboo sharks, and Epaulette sharks. These small, nocturnal, benthic dwelling swimmers have evolved to be able to 'walk', or use their fins to propel themselves over rocks, into pools, or into small crevices in their habitats.[2][3] Research from the School of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Queensland in Australia[1] has determined that this genus most recently split from the genus Chiloscyllium around 44 million years ago.[2] This genus is confined to tropical waters off Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia,[2] but an individual from this genus, possibly representing an undescribed species, has been photographed in the Seychelles.[4] They have short snouts with nostrils placed almost at the tip, well-elevated eyes, and supraorbital ridges. The mouth is closer to the tip of the snout than the eyes and lacks the connecting dermal fold across the chin. The pectoral and pelvic fins are thick and heavily muscular. Either a black hood on the head or a large black spot on the sides of the body is present,[5] though juveniles often are strongly marked with dark spots/bars. This shark family can survive around two hours out of water without any internal damage, can tolerate high levels of CO2, and are hypoxia and anoxia tolerant.[6]
Adaptationsedit
Epaulette sharks live in shallow waters near reefs, tidepools or islands and are currently only found in the Western South Pacific.[7] Epaulette sharks use their fins to crawl inside small crevices or holes while hunting for small prey and escaping larger predators.[2] Each species in this genus also possesses a distinct black 'eye' spot behind its pectoral fins to deter predators by giving the appearance of a very large eye.[7] Neonate and juvenile epaulette sharks are born with lighter color markings and slightly different patterns, but their colors darken as they mature, with patterns shifting to mimic its environment.[7]
Hemiscyllium sp. Not yet described (Seychelles carpetshark)
Referencesedit
^ ab"Walking sharks discovered in the tropics". UQ News. The University of Queensland. 2020-01-21.
^ abcdDudgeon, Christine L.; Corrigan, Shannon; Yang, Lei; Allen, Gerry R.; Erdmann, Mark V.; Fahmi; Sugeha, Hagi Y.; White, William T.; Naylor, Gavin J. P. (2020). "Walking, swimming or hitching a ride? Phylogenetics and biogeography of the walking shark genus Hemiscyllium" (PDF). Marine and Freshwater Research. 71 (9): 1107. doi:10.1071/mf19163. ISSN 1323-1650.
^Allen, Gerald R.; Erdmann, Mark V.; White, William T.; Fahmi; Dudgeon, Christine L. (2016-11-02). "Review of the bamboo shark genus Hemiscyllium (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscyllidae)". Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation. 23: 51–97. doi:10.5281/zenodo.164197.
^Debelius, H. (1993). Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide. Aquaprint Verlags GmbH. ISBN3-927991-01-5
^Porter, Marianne E; Hernandez, Andrea V; Gervais, Connor R; Rummer, Jodie L (2022-07-27). "Aquatic Walking and Swimming Kinematics of Neonate and Juvenile Epaulette Sharks". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 62 (6): 1710–1724. doi:10.1093/icb/icac127. ISSN 1540-7063.
^ abcAllen, Gerald R.; Erdmann, Mark V.; White, William T.; Fahmi; Dudgeon, Christine L. (2016-11-02). "Review of the bamboo shark genus Hemiscyllium (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscyllidae)". Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation. 23: 51–97. doi:10.5281/zenodo.164197.
^Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Hemiscyllium in FishBase. April 2013 version.
^ abAllen, G.R.; Erdmann, M.V. & Dudgeon, C.L. (2013). "Hemiscyllium halmahera, a new species of Bamboo Shark (Hemiscylliidae) from Indonesia" (PDF). Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology. 19 (3): 123–136.
^ abAllen, Gerald R. & Erdmann, Mark V. (2008). "Two new species of bamboo sharks (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae) from Western New Guinea" (PDF). Aqua (Miradolo Terme). 13 (3–4): 93–108.
^Allen, Gerald R. & Dudgeon, Christine L. (2010). "Hemiscyllium michaeli, a new species of Bamboo Shark (Hemiscyllidae) from Papua New Guinea". Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology. 16 (1): 19–30.
November 23, 2023
hemiscyllium, this, article, needs, updated, reason, given, this, links, within, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, january, 2020, genus, sharks, family, hemiscylliidae, ocellatumscientific, classificat. This article needs to be updated The reason given is see this and links within Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information January 2020 Hemiscyllium is a genus of sharks in the family Hemiscylliidae HemiscylliumHemiscyllium ocellatumScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ChondrichthyesOrder OrectolobiformesFamily HemiscylliidaeGenus HemiscylliumSpeciesSee text Contents 1 Overview 2 Adaptations 3 List of species 4 ReferencesOverview editHemiscyllium sharks of the family Hemiscylliidae are also known as walking sharks 1 bamboo sharks and Epaulette sharks These small nocturnal benthic dwelling swimmers have evolved to be able to walk or use their fins to propel themselves over rocks into pools or into small crevices in their habitats 2 3 Research from the School of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Queensland in Australia 1 has determined that this genus most recently split from the genus Chiloscyllium around 44 million years ago 2 This genus is confined to tropical waters off Australia Papua New Guinea and Indonesia 2 but an individual from this genus possibly representing an undescribed species has been photographed in the Seychelles 4 They have short snouts with nostrils placed almost at the tip well elevated eyes and supraorbital ridges The mouth is closer to the tip of the snout than the eyes and lacks the connecting dermal fold across the chin The pectoral and pelvic fins are thick and heavily muscular Either a black hood on the head or a large black spot on the sides of the body is present 5 though juveniles often are strongly marked with dark spots bars This shark family can survive around two hours out of water without any internal damage can tolerate high levels of CO2 and are hypoxia and anoxia tolerant 6 Adaptations editEpaulette sharks live in shallow waters near reefs tidepools or islands and are currently only found in the Western South Pacific 7 Epaulette sharks use their fins to crawl inside small crevices or holes while hunting for small prey and escaping larger predators 2 Each species in this genus also possesses a distinct black eye spot behind its pectoral fins to deter predators by giving the appearance of a very large eye 7 Neonate and juvenile epaulette sharks are born with lighter color markings and slightly different patterns but their colors darken as they mature with patterns shifting to mimic its environment 7 List of species editNine recognized species are in this genus 8 9 Hemiscyllium freycineti Quoy amp Gaimard 1824 Indonesian speckled carpetshark Hemiscyllium galei G R Allen amp Erdmann 2008 10 Cenderwasih epaulette shark Hemiscyllium hallstromi Whitley 1967 Papuan epaulette shark Hemiscyllium halmahera G R Allen Erdmann amp Dudgeon 2013 9 Halmahera epaulette shark Hemiscyllium henryi G R Allen amp Erdmann 2008 10 Henry s epaulette shark Hemiscyllium michaeli G R Allen amp Dudgeon 2010 11 Milne Bay epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum Bonnaterre 1788 epaulette shark Hemiscyllium strahani Whitley 1967 hooded carpetshark Hemiscyllium trispeculare J Richardson 1843 speckled carpetshark Hemiscyllium sp Not yet described Seychelles carpetshark References edit a b Walking sharks discovered in the tropics UQ News The University of Queensland 2020 01 21 a b c d Dudgeon Christine L Corrigan Shannon Yang Lei Allen Gerry R Erdmann Mark V Fahmi Sugeha Hagi Y White William T Naylor Gavin J P 2020 Walking swimming or hitching a ride Phylogenetics and biogeography of the walking shark genus Hemiscyllium PDF Marine and Freshwater Research 71 9 1107 doi 10 1071 mf19163 ISSN 1323 1650 Allen Gerald R Erdmann Mark V White William T Fahmi Dudgeon Christine L 2016 11 02 Review of the bamboo shark genus Hemiscyllium Orectolobiformes Hemiscyllidae Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 23 51 97 doi 10 5281 zenodo 164197 Debelius H 1993 Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide Aquaprint Verlags GmbH ISBN 3 927991 01 5 Compagno Leonard J V 1984 Sharks of the World An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Rome Food and Agriculture Organization ISBN 92 5 101384 5 Porter Marianne E Hernandez Andrea V Gervais Connor R Rummer Jodie L 2022 07 27 Aquatic Walking and Swimming Kinematics of Neonate and Juvenile Epaulette Sharks Integrative and Comparative Biology 62 6 1710 1724 doi 10 1093 icb icac127 ISSN 1540 7063 a b c Allen Gerald R Erdmann Mark V White William T Fahmi Dudgeon Christine L 2016 11 02 Review of the bamboo shark genus Hemiscyllium Orectolobiformes Hemiscyllidae Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 23 51 97 doi 10 5281 zenodo 164197 Froese Rainer and Pauly Daniel eds 2013 Species of Hemiscyllium in FishBase April 2013 version a b Allen G R Erdmann M V amp Dudgeon C L 2013 Hemiscyllium halmahera a new species of Bamboo Shark Hemiscylliidae from Indonesia PDF Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology 19 3 123 136 a b Allen Gerald R amp Erdmann Mark V 2008 Two new species of bamboo sharks Orectolobiformes Hemiscylliidae from Western New Guinea PDF Aqua Miradolo Terme 13 3 4 93 108 Allen Gerald R amp Dudgeon Christine L 2010 Hemiscyllium michaeli a new species of Bamboo Shark Hemiscyllidae from Papua New Guinea Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology 16 1 19 30 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hemiscyllium amp oldid 1174133096, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
