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Cassidae

December 04, 2023

The Cassidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized, large, and sometimes very large sea snails commonly called helmet snails or bonnet snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tonnoidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.[1]

Cassidae
Lateral view of a shell of Semicassis pyrum
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Tonnoidea
Family: Cassidae
Latreille, 1825
Genera

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Cassididae Gyllenhal, 1813
  • Oocorythidae P. Fischer, 1885

About 60 species comprise the family Cassidae; an example is Cypraecassis rufa.

Nomenclature edit

Despite its incorrect formation (the correct one would be Cassididae, based on the genitive form of Cassis), the ICZN has placed the name Cassidae Latreille, 1825 on the official list of family names, therefore avoiding homonymy with Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (based on Cassida Linnaeus, 1758, a chrysomelid beetle); Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127–129).[1]

Distribution edit

Species of this family occur in tropical and temperate seas from the intertidal zone to depths of 100 m (330 ft), buried in the sand during the day and becoming active at night.

Shell description edit

Members of this family are shaped rather like bonnets or helmets, as their common name suggests. The shells are large, thick, subglobular with dextrally coiled, sometimes varicose, whorls, and a short spire. The coiling may be trochospiral or convoluted. The shells of many species have great variability, which has led to many misidentifications, resulting in many synonyms.

Many species have a large and solid shield over the parietal body or beside the thick, plicated columella. Many species show blunt knobs and thickened axial ridges, known as varices. The thin, horny operculum is oval in shape and covers a long aperture. The siphonal canal is straight or slightly curved. The outer lip is somewhat thicker at its margin and toothed on the inside.

Anatomy edit

These snails have a large mantle and a large, muscular foot. Their large head has an extensible snout. The eyes are at the base of the single pair of tentacles.

Feeding habits edit

Helmet bonnets prey on echinoderms (especially sea urchins), starting by gripping them using the foot. The snail then makes a hole in the urchin through the combined action of a secretion which is rich in sulfuric acid and by rasping with their radula. The acid secretion is provided by two large proboscis glands.[2]

Taxonomy edit

In their taxonomy of the Gastropoda of 2005 Bouchet & Rocroi still listed Cassidae as Cassinae Latreille, 1825, a subfamily of Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825), following in this Riedel (1995).[3] In his "Revision of the deep-water Cassidae" however, Beu raised in 2008 Cassinae to the rank of family.[4]

Genera edit

Genera within the family include:

Genera brought into synonymy
  • Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
  • Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
  • Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
  • Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
  • Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777
  • Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
  • Galeoocorys Kuroda & Habe, 1957: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
  • Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
  • † Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
  • Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
  • Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852

Human uses edit

Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820.

  • The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos.
  • The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos.
  • The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating.
  • The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Gofas, S. (2010). Cassidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22999 on 2011-01-19
  2. ^ Hughes, RN | Hughes, HPI, Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda) ; Malacologia. Vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 385-402. 1981. August 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Riedel F. 1995. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 32(4): 97–132
  4. ^ Beu A.G. (2008) Recent deep-water Cassidae of the world. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). In Héros V., Cowie R.H. & Bouchet P. (eds), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 25. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 196: 269-387.
  • Abbott, R.T. (1968). The Helmet Shells of the World (Cassidae) Part 1. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 2(9): 7-201
  • Riedel F. 1995. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 32(4): 97–132
  • Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p
  • Beu A.G. (2008) Recent Deep-water Cassidae of the World. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). In Héros V., Cowie R.H. & Bouchet P. (eds), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 25. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 196: 269–387.

External links edit

  • https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id24557/ accessed 5 December 2017
  • Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005. Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2
  • http://www.gastropods.com/Taxon_pages/Family_CASSIDAE.shtml#CASSIDAECASSINAE

December 04, 2023
cassidae, taxonomic, family, medium, sized, large, sometimes, very, large, snails, commonly, called, helmet, snails, bonnet, snails, these, marine, gastropod, mollusks, superfamily, tonnoidea, clade, littorinimorpha, lateral, view, shell, semicassis, pyrumscie. The Cassidae are a taxonomic family of medium sized large and sometimes very large sea snails commonly called helmet snails or bonnet snails These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Tonnoidea and the clade Littorinimorpha 1 CassidaeLateral view of a shell of Semicassis pyrumScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass GastropodaSubclass CaenogastropodaOrder LittorinimorphaSuperfamily TonnoideaFamily CassidaeLatreille 1825GeneraSee textSynonyms 1 Cassididae Gyllenhal 1813 Oocorythidae P Fischer 1885About 60 species comprise the family Cassidae an example is Cypraecassis rufa Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Distribution 3 Shell description 4 Anatomy 5 Feeding habits 6 Taxonomy 7 Genera 8 Human uses 9 References 10 External linksNomenclature editDespite its incorrect formation the correct one would be Cassididae based on the genitive form of Cassis the ICZN has placed the name Cassidae Latreille 1825 on the official list of family names therefore avoiding homonymy with Cassididae Stephens 1831 based on Cassida Linnaeus 1758 a chrysomelid beetle Opinion 1023 1974 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31 127 129 1 Distribution editSpecies of this family occur in tropical and temperate seas from the intertidal zone to depths of 100 m 330 ft buried in the sand during the day and becoming active at night Shell description editMembers of this family are shaped rather like bonnets or helmets as their common name suggests The shells are large thick subglobular with dextrally coiled sometimes varicose whorls and a short spire The coiling may be trochospiral or convoluted The shells of many species have great variability which has led to many misidentifications resulting in many synonyms Many species have a large and solid shield over the parietal body or beside the thick plicated columella Many species show blunt knobs and thickened axial ridges known as varices The thin horny operculum is oval in shape and covers a long aperture The siphonal canal is straight or slightly curved The outer lip is somewhat thicker at its margin and toothed on the inside Anatomy editThese snails have a large mantle and a large muscular foot Their large head has an extensible snout The eyes are at the base of the single pair of tentacles Feeding habits editHelmet bonnets prey on echinoderms especially sea urchins starting by gripping them using the foot The snail then makes a hole in the urchin through the combined action of a secretion which is rich in sulfuric acid and by rasping with their radula The acid secretion is provided by two large proboscis glands 2 Taxonomy editIn their taxonomy of the Gastropoda of 2005 Bouchet amp Rocroi still listed Cassidae as Cassinae Latreille 1825 a subfamily of Tonnidae Suter 1913 1825 following in this Riedel 1995 3 In his Revision of the deep water Cassidae however Beu raised in 2008 Cassinae to the rank of family 4 Genera editGenera within the family include Casmaria H Adams and A Adams 1853 Cassis Scopoli 1777 Cypraecassis Stutchbury 1837 Dalium Dall 1889 Echinophoria Sacco 1890 Eucorys Beu 2008 Galeodea Link 1807 Microsconsia Beu 2008 Oocorys P Fischer 1883 Phalium Link 1807 bonnet shells Sconsia Gray 1847 Semicassis Morch 1852Genera brought into synonymyBathygalea Woodring amp Olsson 1957 synonym of Echinophoria Sacco 1890 Benthodolium Verrill amp Smith in Verrill 1884 synonym of Oocorys P Fischer 1884 Bezoardica Schumacher 1817 synonym of Phalium Link 1807 Bezoardicella Habe 1961 synonym of Phalium Link 1807 Cassidaria Lamarck 1816 synonym of Galeodea Link 1807 Cassidea Bruguiere 1789 synonym of Cassis Scopoli 1777 Echinora Schumacher 1817 synonym of Galeodea Link 1807 Euspinacassis Finlay 1926 synonym of Echinophoria Sacco 1890 Galeoocorys Kuroda amp Habe 1957 synonym of Galeodea Link 1807 Hadroocorys Quinn 1980 synonym of Oocorys P Fischer 1884 Morio Montfort 1810 synonym of Galeodea Link 1807 Taieria Finlay amp Marwick 1937 synonym of Galeodea Link 1807 Trachydolium Howe 1926 synonym of Echinophoria Sacco 1890 Xenogalea Iredale 1927 synonym of Semicassis Morch 1852 Xenophalium Iredale 1927 synonym of Semicassis Morch 1852 nbsp Casmaria erinaceus nbsp Cassis cornuta nbsp Cypraecassis rufa nbsp Galeodea rugosa nbsp Phalium bandatum nbsp Semicassis granulataHuman uses editSome helmet shells are carved into cameos starting in Italy in 1820 The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis also known as Cassis cameo has a dark brown or a claret coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx like appearance because it has sard coloured bands under its pale outer coating The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items August 2008 References edit a b c Gofas S 2010 Cassidae In Bouchet P Gofas S Rosenberg G 2010 World Marine Mollusca database Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www marinespecies org aphia php p taxdetails amp id 22999 on 2011 01 19 Hughes RN Hughes HPI Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae Tonnacea Mesogastropoda Malacologia Vol 20 no 2 pp 385 402 1981 Archived August 29 2012 at the Wayback Machine Riedel F 1995 An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny Mollusca Gastropoda Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 32 4 97 132 Beu A G 2008 Recent deep water Cassidae of the world A revision of Galeodea Oocorys Sconsia Echinophoria and related taxa with new genera and species Mollusca Gastropoda In Heros V Cowie R H amp Bouchet P eds Tropical Deep Sea Benthos 25 Memoires du Museum National d Histoire Naturelle 196 269 387 Abbott R T 1968 The Helmet Shells of the World Cassidae Part 1 Indo Pacific Mollusca 2 9 7 201 Riedel F 1995 An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny Mollusca Gastropoda Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 32 4 97 132 Kreipl K 1997 Recent Cassidae Christa Hemmen Wiesbaden 151 p Beu A G 2008 Recent Deep water Cassidae of the World A revision of Galeodea Oocorys Sconsia Echinophoria and related taxa with new genera and species Mollusca Gastropoda In Heros V Cowie R H amp Bouchet P eds Tropical Deep Sea Benthos 25 Memoires du Museum National d Histoire Naturelle 196 269 387 External links edithttps www biolib cz en taxon id24557 accessed 5 December 2017 Checklist of Mollusca ITIS Steyn D G amp Lussi M 2005 Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0 620 33607 2 http www gastropods com Taxon pages Family CASSIDAE shtml CASSIDAECASSINAE Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cassidae amp oldid 1183486343, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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