Heinrich Hermann Freytag (born around 15 April 1759 in Hamburg, died 14 April 1811) was a German/Dutch organ builder. A pupil of Albertus Antonius Hinsz, he became one of the most important organ builders in the Netherlands around 1800. His work, of a high standard, follows in the traditions established by Arp Schnitger.
Freytag was the son of a cabinet-maker from Württemberg. In 1784 he became an apprentice in the former workshop of Schnitger, which had been taken over by Hinsz. After Hinsz' death, he and Frans Casper Snitger [de] (the grandson of Schnitger, and stepson of Hinsz) ran the workshop together, under the name "Snitger & Freytag". In 1793 he married the widow of an innkeeper from Groningen, Hiskia Hornemann (1765-1817). They produced ten children, of whom five reached adulthood. In order that his wife could continue her business, Freytag entered the guild of innkeepers,[1] and received the "small citizenship" (kleine Bürgerrecht) of the city of Groningen. When Snitger died in 1799 Freytag took over the organ-building workshop, and led north-Dutch organ building into a new era of productivity. He built to a high standard of craftsmanship in the traditions of Arp Schnitger. Freytag's pipework has a more elegant tone compared to that of Hinsz. Although his early instruments are architecturally very much in the style of Schnitger, his organ casework was increasingly influenced by Classicism. In the 1800's, Freytag built a number of single-manual chamber organs with six ranks and no pedal (for example in Lellens [nl], Anloo and Doesburg).[2]
After Freytag's death in 1811, his employees kept the workshop going under the temporary management of his widow, as his own children were still too small to take over. In 1817, Freytag's son and heir, Herman Eberhard Freytag (1796–1869) took over the business, together with his brother Barthold Joachim (1799–1829). Herman Eberhard also worked in Germany, and carried out restorations of Hinsz's organs in Leer and Weener. Herman Eberhard's son, Willem Fredrik Freytag (1825–1861) was expected to continue the family business, but died before his father. Herman Eberhard's daughter, Jantje Freytag also died, in 1862, whereupon Herman Eberhard retired and sold the workshop to the family of Dirk Lohman [de], who himself had possibly been apprenticed to Freytag.
Organs on which Freytag workededit
The roman numerals indicate the number of manuals. An uppercase "P" indicates an independent pedal organ with its own sounding stops, while a lowercase "p" indicates a pull-down pedal linked to the keyboards, merely allowing the player to play manual keyboard notes with their feet. The Arabic numerals indicate the number of sounding registers (i.e. stop-knobs excluding accessories such as tremulants and couplers).
Enlargement of the organ on which Hinsz had previously worked in 1741-1743; Freytag and F.C.Snitger added an independent pedal and Brustwerk. Today the organ has a disposition IV/P/56. → Bovenkerk Organ (Kampen) [de]
A rebuild of the 1662 organ on a new gallery, with new windchests, action and keyboards. Eleven of the previous stops and a large part of the casework were reused. The organ was extended to contain four extra notes in the bass and two in the treble in all ranks. Three of the 1972 ranks remain.
A new-build replacing an older organ; in 1924 the organ was enlarged and greatly rebuilt, and in 2012 restored; about half the original pipework remains.
A new-build in the style of Louis XVI replacing the older organ by Andreas de Mare [de]. In 1853 and 1884 small changes were made to the disposition by Petrus van Oeckelen [de], but otherwise remains largely unchanged.
A "Cabinet organ", i.e. a chamber organ constructed to resemble an item of furniture, originally built for the chateau of Lellens. The organ was moved to the church in 1860, and the chateau, which stood empty from 1875, was demolished in 1897.[2] During the move a pull-down pedal and two side-towers were added, and the 8' Prestant converted to 16'. Otherwise, the original is retained.
Another cabinet organ (see Lellens, 1800, above), possibly built for a client from Zuidhorn. It made the first of several temporary appearances in the Magnuskerk in the 1940s as a stand-in while the main organ was being renovated, but is now permanently based in the church.[3]
A new-build of a cabinet organ without pedal, attributed to Freytag. It is unknown for whom it was built, or where it first stood. It was discovered in a farm in Middelstum in 1958, and restored in 1961 for use as a choir organ in the Oude Kerk in Soest. It then entered private ownership in Baarn, before being moved to the Kasteel Groeneveld (Baarn) [nl] in 1985. Since 2003 it has been in Doesburg.
A rebuild of the Arp Schnitger organ of 1695/96, which had already been modified by Hinsz.[4] Freytag added pedal towers, replaced various stops, fitted new wind chests and manuals. His Prestant ranks remain from all three divisions, and in the pedal other stops are also retained. → Organ at the Dorpskerk at Noordbroek
A new-build which was largely carried out by J.W. Timpe. Most of the old stops remain.
Literatureedit
Kassel, Richard (2006). Bush, Douglas E.; Kassel, Richard (eds.). The Organ. An Encyclopedia. New York, London: Routledge. pp. 211–212. ISBN0-4159-4174-1.
Fock, Gustav (1974). Arp Schnitger und seine Schule. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Orgelbaues im Nord- und Ostseeküstengebiet. Kassel: Bärenreiter. ISBN3-7618-0261-7.
Gierveld, Arend Jan (1977). Het Nederlandse huisorgel in de 17de en 18de eeuw. Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. ISBN90-313-0294-5.
Tiggelaar, Koos; Valstar, Albert (1990). Freytag & Snitger in compagnie: een introductie tot het werk van Heinrich Hermann Freytag en diens compagnon Frans Caspar Schnitger junior, „afsluiters“ van de 18de eeuwse Gronings-Hamburgse orgelmakersschool. Oostwold: Kerkvoogdij Hervormde Gemeente Oostwold.
Smit, L.B. (2003). Frans Casper Snitger & Heinrich Hermann Freijtag en de (Noord-) Nederlandse markt voor kerkorgels rond 1800. Groningen: RuG.
External linksedit
Bellingwolde organ (notes from a CD sleeve)
Doesburg cabinet organ (in Dutch)
Referencesedit
^Gierveld, Arend Jan (1977). Het Nederlandse huisorgel in de 17de en 18de eeuw. p. 123.
^ ab"Freytag-orgel in Lellens gerestaureerd". Orgelnieuws.nl. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
^"Freytag cabinet organ". magnuskerk.de. Stichting vrienden van de Magnuskerk. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
^"Algemene informatie: Orgel". Kerk-Noordbroek.nl. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Heinrich Hermann Freytag news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Heinrich Hermann Freytag born around 15 April 1759 in Hamburg died 14 April 1811 was a German Dutch organ builder A pupil of Albertus Antonius Hinsz he became one of the most important organ builders in the Netherlands around 1800 His work of a high standard follows in the traditions established by Arp Schnitger Contents 1 Life 2 Organs on which Freytag worked 3 Literature 4 External links 5 ReferencesLife editFreytag was the son of a cabinet maker from Wurttemberg In 1784 he became an apprentice in the former workshop of Schnitger which had been taken over by Hinsz After Hinsz death he and Frans Casper Snitger de the grandson of Schnitger and stepson of Hinsz ran the workshop together under the name Snitger amp Freytag In 1793 he married the widow of an innkeeper from Groningen Hiskia Hornemann 1765 1817 They produced ten children of whom five reached adulthood In order that his wife could continue her business Freytag entered the guild of innkeepers 1 and received the small citizenship kleine Burgerrecht of the city of Groningen When Snitger died in 1799 Freytag took over the organ building workshop and led north Dutch organ building into a new era of productivity He built to a high standard of craftsmanship in the traditions of Arp Schnitger Freytag s pipework has a more elegant tone compared to that of Hinsz Although his early instruments are architecturally very much in the style of Schnitger his organ casework was increasingly influenced by Classicism In the 1800 s Freytag built a number of single manual chamber organs with six ranks and no pedal for example in Lellens nl Anloo and Doesburg 2 After Freytag s death in 1811 his employees kept the workshop going under the temporary management of his widow as his own children were still too small to take over In 1817 Freytag s son and heir Herman Eberhard Freytag 1796 1869 took over the business together with his brother Barthold Joachim 1799 1829 Herman Eberhard also worked in Germany and carried out restorations of Hinsz s organs in Leer and Weener Herman Eberhard s son Willem Fredrik Freytag 1825 1861 was expected to continue the family business but died before his father Herman Eberhard s daughter Jantje Freytag also died in 1862 whereupon Herman Eberhard retired and sold the workshop to the family of Dirk Lohman de who himself had possibly been apprenticed to Freytag Organs on which Freytag worked editThe roman numerals indicate the number of manuals An uppercase P indicates an independent pedal organ with its own sounding stops while a lowercase p indicates a pull down pedal linked to the keyboards merely allowing the player to play manual keyboard notes with their feet The Arabic numerals indicate the number of sounding registers i e stop knobs excluding accessories such as tremulants and couplers Year Location Church Image Manuals Registers Comments1785 Groningen Doopsgezindekerk I p 8 Replaced in 1816 by an organ built by Johannes Wilhelmus Timpe de 1787 Zwolle Sint Michaelskerk Zwolle de nbsp III P 64 Repairs on the 1721 organ by Schnitger1788 1790 Kampen Bovenkerk nbsp III P 46 Enlargement of the organ on which Hinsz had previously worked in 1741 1743 Freytag and F C Snitger added an independent pedal and Brustwerk Today the organ has a disposition IV P 56 Bovenkerk Organ Kampen de 1790 1792 t Zandt Mariakerk nbsp II p 12 A rebuild of the 1662 organ on a new gallery with new windchests action and keyboards Eleven of the previous stops and a large part of the casework were reused The organ was extended to contain four extra notes in the bass and two in the treble in all ranks Three of the 1972 ranks remain 1792 Bierum Hervormde Kerk nbsp I p 10 A new build this was the first organ in the province of Groningen to have the keyboard at the side Well preserved 1792 1793 Zuidhorn Hervormde Kerk nbsp I p 12 A new build replacing an older organ in 1924 the organ was enlarged and greatly rebuilt and in 2012 restored about half the original pipework remains 1793 Ezinge Hervormde Kerk nbsp I p 10 Relocation of an organ by an unknown builder about 1750 possibly Johannes Jacobus Moreau A large part remains 1793 Groningen Martinikerk nbsp III P 47 Repairs to the organ in the Martinikerk which today has 52 stops 1793 1795 Zuidbroek Petruskerk de nbsp II P 28 A new build in the style of Louis XVI replacing the older organ by Andreas de Mare de In 1853 and 1884 small changes were made to the disposition by Petrus van Oeckelen de but otherwise remains largely unchanged ca 1796 Built in Groningen now in Weener Organeum de museum of keyboard instruments nbsp I 5 A chamber organ built into a chest of drawers1796 1798 Bellingwolde Magnuskerk nbsp II p 17 A new build remains in its original condition apart from two reconstructed stops 1799 Enkhuizen Zuiderkerk nbsp II P 20 A rebuild of such extent that it was nearly a new build The casework of the Hauptwerk the pedal wind chests and a few stops were retained ca 1800 Lellens Hervormde Kerk nbsp I 6 A Cabinet organ i e a chamber organ constructed to resemble an item of furniture originally built for the chateau of Lellens The organ was moved to the church in 1860 and the chateau which stood empty from 1875 was demolished in 1897 2 During the move a pull down pedal and two side towers were added and the 8 Prestant converted to 16 Otherwise the original is retained 1802 Noordwolde Hervormde Kerk nbsp II P 18 A rebuild of an older three manual organ ca 1640 probably by Anthoni Waelckens largely remaining intact 1803 Loppersum Hervormde Kerk nbsp II p 20 Freytag replaced the pipework of the Ruckpositiv in the existing organ of 1735 1804 Anloo Magnuskerk nbsp I 6 Another cabinet organ see Lellens 1800 above possibly built for a client from Zuidhorn It made the first of several temporary appearances in the Magnuskerk in the 1940s as a stand in while the main organ was being renovated but is now permanently based in the church 3 ca 1805 Doesburg Martinikerk nbsp I 6 A new build of a cabinet organ without pedal attributed to Freytag It is unknown for whom it was built or where it first stood It was discovered in a farm in Middelstum in 1958 and restored in 1961 for use as a choir organ in the Oude Kerk in Soest It then entered private ownership in Baarn before being moved to the Kasteel Groeneveld Baarn nl in 1985 Since 2003 it has been in Doesburg 1808 Finsterwolde Hervormde Kerk nbsp I p 15 A new build remaining in good condition1809 Eenum Dorfkirche Eenum de nbsp I p 10 Addition of a pull down pedal to a 1703 04 organ by Arp Schnitger1807 1809 Noordbroek Kerk van Noordbroek nl nbsp II P 24 A rebuild of the Arp Schnitger organ of 1695 96 which had already been modified by Hinsz 4 Freytag added pedal towers replaced various stops fitted new wind chests and manuals His Prestant ranks remain from all three divisions and in the pedal other stops are also retained Organ at the Dorpskerk at Noordbroek1809 1810 Bolsward Doopsgezindekerk nbsp I p 11 Largely intact1811 Oostwold Hervormde Kerk nbsp II p 18 A new build whose voicing was probably carried out by J W Timpe It was modified by Petrus van Oeckelen de in 1860 and 1883 and is well preserved 1811 1812 Warffum Hervormde Kerk nbsp II P 24 A new build which was largely carried out by J W Timpe Most of the old stops remain Literature editKassel Richard 2006 Bush Douglas E Kassel Richard eds The Organ An Encyclopedia New York London Routledge pp 211 212 ISBN 0 4159 4174 1 Fock Gustav 1974 Arp Schnitger und seine Schule Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Orgelbaues im Nord und Ostseekustengebiet Kassel Barenreiter ISBN 3 7618 0261 7 Gierveld Arend Jan 1977 Het Nederlandse huisorgel in de 17de en 18de eeuw Utrecht Bohn Scheltema amp Holkema ISBN 90 313 0294 5 Tiggelaar Koos Valstar Albert 1990 Freytag amp Snitger in compagnie een introductie tot het werk van Heinrich Hermann Freytag en diens compagnon Frans Caspar Schnitger junior afsluiters van de 18de eeuwse Gronings Hamburgse orgelmakersschool Oostwold Kerkvoogdij Hervormde Gemeente Oostwold Smit L B 2003 Frans Casper Snitger amp Heinrich Hermann Freijtag en de Noord Nederlandse markt voor kerkorgels rond 1800 Groningen RuG External links editBellingwolde organ notes from a CD sleeve Doesburg cabinet organ in Dutch References edit Gierveld Arend Jan 1977 Het Nederlandse huisorgel in de 17de en 18de eeuw p 123 a b Freytag orgel in Lellens gerestaureerd Orgelnieuws nl 14 March 2014 Retrieved 2 December 2022 Freytag cabinet organ magnuskerk de Stichting vrienden van de Magnuskerk Retrieved 3 December 2022 Algemene informatie Orgel Kerk Noordbroek nl Retrieved 3 December 2022 nbsp This Dutch musical biography article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Heinrich Hermann Freytag amp oldid 1186787637, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
