Heinola
Heinola (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhei̯nolɑ]) is a town and a municipality of 17,953 inhabitants (31 December 2023)[5] located in the eastern part of the Päijänne Tavastia region, Finland, near the borders of the South Savonia region and the Kymenlaakso region. It is the third largest municipality in the region in terms of population after Lahti and Hollola.[6] The neighbour municipalities of Heinola are Asikkala, Hartola, Iitti, Kouvola, Mäntyharju, Nastola, Pertunmaa and Sysmä.
Heinola | |
|---|---|
Town | |
| Heinolan kaupunki Heinola stad | |
A view from Heinola railway bridge towards the town center | |
| Flag Coat of arms | |
Location of Heinola in Finland | |
| Coordinates: 61°12′N 026°02′E / 61.200°N 26.033°E | |
| Country | Finland |
| Region | Päijänne Tavastia |
| Sub-region | Lahti sub-region (current) Heinola sub-region (former) |
| Charter | 1776 |
| City rights | 1839 |
| Government | |
| • Town manager | Jari Parkkonen |
| Area (2018-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 839.28 km2 (324.05 sq mi) |
| • Land | 675.97 km2 (260.99 sq mi) |
| • Water | 162.96 km2 (62.92 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 125th largest in Finland |
| Population (2023-12-31)[2] | |
| • Total | 17,953 |
| • Rank | 65th largest in Finland |
| • Density | 26.56/km2 (68.8/sq mi) |
| Population by native language | |
| • Finnish | 94.7% (official) |
| • Swedish | 0.2% |
| • Others | 5% |
| Population by age | |
| • 0 to 14 | 11% |
| • 15 to 64 | 53.9% |
| • 65 or older | 35.1% |
| Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
| Climate | Dfc |
| Website | www |
In the coat of arms of Heinola, the Tavastia's provincial animal, the Eurasian lynx, crosses a fess resembling an arch bridge; it refers to the Jyränkö Bridge (Jyrängönsilta) from 1932, which crosses Jyrängönvirta, the smaller part of the Kymi River. The coat of arms was designed by Gustaf von Numers and approved by the Heinola Town Council at its meeting on 23 September 1958. The coat of arms was approved for use by the Ministry of the Interior on 11 November of the same year.[7][8]
History edit
Heinola used to be a remote village of then larger Hollola until it gained significance in 1776 when Gustav III of Sweden promoted it to be the governmental center of the province in which it was then located. The grid plan of the city center is from that era. Heinola also became a center of commerce for nearby regions.[9]
When Finland became a part of Russia in 1809, the capital of the province was moved eastwards with the state border. To compensate this, Heinola was granted town rights on December 26, 1839 by Czar Nicholas I.[10][11] Before World War II, Heinola was widely known as a spa town, and until 1972 it served as a location for an institute (seminaari) that taught elementary school teachers. These both were established in the 1890s and played an important role in the town life.[9]
Heinolan maalaiskunta was merged into Heinola in 1997.
Geography edit
Heinola is largely situated between two lakes, Ruotsalainen and Konnivesi. A waterway connecting the lakes crosses the town and is, along with an esker also crossing the town, a characterising geographical feature of Heinola. A motorway (Finnish national road 4/E75) connects Heinola to Lahti (distance 35 km or 22 mi) and Helsinki (distance 138 km or 86 mi); it also acrosses Lake Ruotsalainen on the Tähtiniemi Bridge in the northern part of town. Heinola is also southern head of the Finnish national road 5, which goes over 900 kilometres to the north through the cities Kuopio and Kajaani to Sodankylä.
Climate edit
Heinola has a subarctic climate (Dfc) bordering on a humid continental climate (Dfb).
| Climate data for Heinola Asemantaus (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959- present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 16.0 (60.8) | 23.7 (74.7) | 30.8 (87.4) | 32.7 (90.9) | 34.9 (94.8) | 33.8 (92.8) | 25.8 (78.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 12.9 (55.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 34.9 (94.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) | −3.0 (26.6) | 1.8 (35.2) | 8.6 (47.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 22.8 (73.0) | 20.8 (69.4) | 14.7 (58.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 2.2 (36.0) | −1.1 (30.0) | 8.9 (48.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −6.3 (20.7) | −1.8 (28.8) | 3.8 (38.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 15.9 (60.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 4.8 (40.6) | 0.3 (32.5) | −3.2 (26.2) | 5.1 (41.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) | −9.6 (14.7) | −6.2 (20.8) | −0.7 (30.7) | 4.7 (40.5) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 11.5 (52.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | 2.2 (36.0) | −1.7 (28.9) | −5.6 (21.9) | 1.3 (34.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −37.5 (−35.5) | −36.6 (−33.9) | −31.4 (−24.5) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −6.2 (20.8) | −1.3 (29.7) | 3.4 (38.1) | 0.5 (32.9) | −6.1 (21.0) | −14.0 (6.8) | −21.2 (−6.2) | −33.5 (−28.3) | −37.5 (−35.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46 (1.8) | 36 (1.4) | 33 (1.3) | 30 (1.2) | 43 (1.7) | 66 (2.6) | 71 (2.8) | 67 (2.6) | 53 (2.1) | 65 (2.6) | 56 (2.2) | 50 (2.0) | 617 (24.3) |
| Average precipitation days | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 117 |
| Source 1: FMI climatological normals for Finland 1991-2020[12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Record highs and lows 1961- present[13] | |||||||||||||
Economy edit
After World War II Heinola has been economically an industrial town, mainly due to its wood processing industry. Industry remained the largest source of employment until the 1970s, when the trade and services sector grew larger, following a national trend.
Volkswagen Beetles were built in Heinola.[14]
Heinola has been hit hard by Late-2000s recession. UPM-Kymmene, that used to be the largest employer after the public sector, reported closing down its sawmill and plywood mill in Heinola during 2010.[15]
Sights edit
The bird zoo is located just next to the old bus station. The founding idea of the bird zoo is to offer help for birds that have injured themselves in the traffic, power lines and glass surfaces, and to rehabilitate them back to the nature. The birds that remain in the care, and the ones that are not capable of returning to the nature, but are considered to maintain a meaningful life in capture, are available for spectators to see. For school groups and tourists, this can be a good opportunity to identify some of the species that are not so easily spotted in the wild. In the summer, tropical birds that spend the winter inside are also to be seen.[16]
Culture edit
Food edit
In the 1980s, Heinola's traditional parish dishes were tappaiskeitto ("butchery soup") and pancakes.[17]
International relations edit
Twin towns — sister cities edit
- Karlshamn, Sweden
- Peine (district), Germany
- Piešťany, Slovakia
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2024-04-26. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
- ^ "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ "Ennakkoväkiluku kuukausittain sukupuolen mukaan alueittain, elokuu 2018" (in Finnish). Statistics Finland. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
- ^ Mielipide: Menneisyyden hehkuttelulla ei ratkaista tämän päivän haasteita – Itä-Häme (in Finnish)
- ^ Suomen kunnallisvaakunat (in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982. p. 116. ISBN 951-773-085-3.
- ^ "Sisäasiainministeriön vahvistamat kaupunkien, kauppaloiden ja kuntien vaakunat 1949-1995 I:8 Heinola" (in Finnish). National Archives of Finland. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^ a b "The history of Heinola". Heinolan kaupunki. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ "Arkistonmuodostaja: Heinolan maistraatti" (in Finnish). The National Archives of Finland. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
- ^ "Heinolan historia" (in Finnish). Town of Heinola. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
- ^ "FMI normals 1991-2020" (PDF). fmi.fi. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ "FMI open data". FMI. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ Quarterly Economic Review: Finland. Economist Intelligence Unit. 1966.
- ^ "UPM job losses total 830". YLE. 12 January 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ . Heinolan kaupunki. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ^ Jaakko Kolmonen, Jaakko (1988). Kotomaamme ruoka-aitta: Suomen, Karjalan ja Petsamon pitäjäruoat (in Finnish). Helsinki: Patakolmonen. pp. 108–109. ISBN 951-96047-3-1.
- ^ . heinola.fi (in Finnish). Heinola. Archived from the original on 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
External links edit
Media related to Heinola at Wikimedia Commons
- Town of Heinola – official website (in Finnish)