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Health care sharing ministry

August 23, 2023

Health care sharing ministries (HCSM) are organizations in the United States in which health care costs are shared among members with common ethical or religious beliefs in a risk-pooling framework in some ways analogous to, but distinct from, health insurance.

Members of health care sharing ministries were exempt from the individual mandate requirement of the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that required individuals to have insurance from 2010 to 2019.[1][2]

Approximately 31 states have safe harbor laws distinguishing healthcare ministries from health insurance organizations.[3] Some of the larger health care sharing ministries are Christian Healthcare Ministries (founded in 1981),[4] Medi-Share, a program of Christian Care Ministry (1993),[5][4][6] Samaritan Ministries (1994),[5] Liberty HealthShare (1998, originally established by Mennonites),[5][7][8] United Refuah HealthShare,[9] MCS Medical Cost Sharing[10] Altrua HealthShare,[5][11][12] Freedom HealthShare, Unite Health Share Ministries,[13] and Trinity HealthShare (1997).[14][15]

History

Predecessors to health care sharing ministries date back to at least the early 1900s. For many decades, "in Amish and Mennonite communities across the [US], people pooled their money to lighten the burden of debt for individuals during hard times."[5] In the late 20th century, this broadened out to larger communities by larger cost-sharing ministries within the Christian community.[5]

Most health care sharing ministries are oriented toward practicing Christians and aligned with ideals or principles found in the Christian Bible,[16] primarily translated to mean believers have a responsibility to assist in meeting each other's needs.[17] Such ministries often cite a biblical verse in the book of Galatians, from the New Testament, as a mandate applicable to medical costs, specifically Verse 2 in Chapter 6, in which the Apostle Paul said "Bear one another's burdens, and thus fulfill the law of Christ."[5] Some ministries view verses 44–45 in Chapter 2 of the Book of Acts, also from the New Testament, which states that early Christians "were together and had everything in common" and "gave to anyone as he had need," as the basis for their founding.[18][19] Other health cost-sharing organizations are more secular. For example, Sedera Health asks their members to "live a healthy lifestyle" but does not explicitly emphasize any religious obligations.[5]

Several states[which?] have tried to block health care sharing ministries on the grounds that they are selling unauthorized insurance.[20] For example, the State of Oklahoma contested Medi-Share in 2007 for marketing information that promoted the cost-sharing option as "insurance", but that issue was resolved when they changed their approach, and by 2010, Medi-Share was able to operate in Oklahoma once again.[4] A majority of states, however, have enacted safe harbor laws specifying that the ministries are not insurance and do not need to be regulated as such. In addition, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issues exemption letters to ministries that have met the criteria to operate independently of the Affordable Care Act.

In 2010, at the time the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed, there were estimated to be about 100,000 people belonging to some type of medical bill-sharing ministry.[4] By 2014, it was estimated to be 160,000; and by 2018, that number in the US had grown to 1 million.[5][21]

The future of health care sharing ministries after Obamacare's individual mandate repeal was unclear[when?], but a work published by Harvard Law School suggested that many people may continue to use them, and they could even expand for people ineligible for healthcare subsidies (i.e. above the income threshold).[22]

Membership

According to Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries, a trade association of sharing ministries, over 1 million Americans participated in health care sharing as of February 2019, sharing more than $670 million in medical bills annually.[23][a] A January 2015 op-ed in The New York Times stated that the four main healthcare ministries in the US have a total combined membership of about 340,000, that membership has grown significantly because of the healthcare ministries' exemption to the insurance mandate of the Affordable Care Act, and that monthly cost of membership in a health care sharing ministry is generally lower than the cost of insurance rates.[19] The Seattle Times also reported that membership had grown significantly, in a 2015 article.[24]

Most health sharing ministries tend to have restrictions. They usually require members to be in good health and make a statement of belief, as well. For instance, Samaritan Ministries requires a statement of Christian faith including belief in the true God and divinity of Jesus; Liberty HealthShare and Freedom HealthShare are more inclusive, accepting members with a wide variety of religious and ethical beliefs.[citation needed]

All such ministries require that members subscribe to the principles of individual responsibility for their own health and of helping others in need.[25]

Requirements under the Affordable Care Act

In order for members to be exempt from the tax penalties outlined in the Affordable Care Act, ministries must meet the following qualifications:

  • Must be a 501(c)(3) organization
  • Members must share common ethical or religious beliefs
  • Must not discriminate membership based on state of residence or employment
  • Members cannot lose membership due to development of a medical condition
  • Must have (or a predecessor must have) existed and been in practice continually since December 31, 1999 (a grandfather clause)
  • Must be subject to an annual audit by an independent CPA which must be publicly available upon request[26]

The five ministries that meet these qualifications are: Christian Healthcare Ministries, Liberty HealthShare, Medi-Share, Samaritan Ministries[citation needed], OneShare[citation needed].

MCS Medical Cost Sharing, founded after 1999, did not meet the qualifications, but offered to pay the tax penalties incurred by members.[27]

Altrua HealthShare has also been recognized as a qualifying health care sharing ministry, due to its merger with Blessed Assurance Bulletin.[28]

Anabaptist Healthshare[29] is recognized as a health care sharing ministry by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.[30]

In 2017, a healthcare sharing organization tailored to Jews, United Refuah, was launched. The group claims to be recognized as a healthcare sharing organization by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).[31]

Tax deductibility

Monthly share payments are not deductible from US federal income tax as either a medical expense (because it is not a payment for insurance) or a charitable deduction (because it is a payment for goods and services). Member payment in excess of their required monthly minimum, however, may be deductible as a charitable contribution.[32] In a proposed rule, dated June 8, 2020 the IRS has proposed to change the deductibility of share payments.[33]

Criticism

Health insurance brokers in Massachusetts are not allowed to market health care sharing ministry memberships to consumers, to avoid misleading consumers into thinking they are low-price guaranteed-issue insurance plans. HCSMs are not required to cover pre-existing conditions, which has led to disputes over denial of payment.[34]

In 2020, the California Department of Insurance issued a cease and desist order to Aliera Healthcare, Inc., and Trinity Healthshares, Inc., founded by Timothy Moses and his wife Shelley Steele, for violating California law by misleading California consumers into purchasing their products. It is estimated that Aliera and the Moses family pocketed 84% of member monthly plan sharing, allowing for up to 16% to be invested into the healthcare sharing ministry fund and drawing much criticism, as Affordable Care Act health plans require up to 80% of premiums to be paid towards medical plans. [35]

In June 2021 comedian John Oliver set up a healthcare sharing ministry in Florida called Our Lady of Perpetual Health (following his earlier satire Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption), satirizing what HCSMs are allowed to do by law, essentially having no obligation to provide any care.[36][37]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Updated statistics are available: "Data and Statistics". Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries. However, it is unclear who the "affiliates" referred to are. Does this include all Old German Baptist Brethren?

References

  1. ^ Pub. L. 111–148 (text) (PDF) Sec. 5000A(d)(2)(b)(i)
  2. ^ "The Religious Alternative To Obamacare's Individual Mandate". NPR. from the original on 2015-04-20. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  3. ^ . Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries. Archived from the original on 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  4. ^ a b c d "Sharing ministries offer alternative to health insurance". Dallas Morning News. 28 December 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Laura Santhanam (16 January 2018). "1 million Americans pool money in religious ministries to pay for health care". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Medi-Share". My Christian Care. from the original on 2015-05-14. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  7. ^ "Health-care sharing ministries promise relief from high insurance costs. But there's a catch". Washington Post. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Liberty HealthShare". from the original on 2015-05-15. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  9. ^ "Healthshare Plans | Jewish Health Care Sharing | United Refuah HealthShare". from the original on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  10. ^ "Christian Health Care". Christian Medical Cost Sharing. from the original on 2015-05-22. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  11. ^ . Altrua Health Share. Archived from the original on 2015-05-19. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  12. ^ "Health care sharing ministry members share their experiences". Self pay patient. 2013-11-27. from the original on 2015-05-09. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  13. ^ "Learn about Healthcare Sharing Programs from Unite Health Share Ministries". UHSM. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
  14. ^ "2018 IRS Determination Letter" (PDF).
  15. ^ "Trinity HealthShare Announces Agreement with Faith Driven Life Church". Trinity HealthShare. 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-02-06.
  16. ^ "Healthcare Sharing with UHSM". UHSM. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  17. ^ Whyte, Liz Essley. "Sharing Health". Philanthropy Magazine. from the original on 2015-04-28. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  18. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  19. ^ a b "Onward, Christian Health Care?". The New York Times. from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  20. ^ "The Washington Post". from the original on 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2020-10-09..
  21. ^ "Healthcare News: How Member-to-Member Medical Cost Sharing Programs Work". UHSM. 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  22. ^ Dong, Aobo (January 17, 2018), "Health Care Sharing Ministries (HCSMs) after Tax-Penalty Repeal", Bill of Health (blog), Harvard Law Petrie-Flom Center, from the original on 2018-02-02, retrieved 2018-02-01
  23. ^ . Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries. 10 February 2017. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017.
  24. ^ "Banking on faith: Cost-sharing ministries offer Obamacare alternative". The Seattle Times. from the original on 2015-05-20. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
  25. ^ "Healthcare Sharing – Mainstream Healthcare Choices". Christian Healthcare Ministries-review. February 28, 2016. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  26. ^ Pub. L. 111–148 (text) (PDF) Sec. 5000A(d)(2)(b)(ii)
  27. ^ . Christian Medical Cost Sharing. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved Nov 16, 2020.
  28. ^ Parnell, Sean (15 October 2014). "Altrua qualifies for Obamacare exemption, plus more on CMF Curo". The Self-Pay Patient. from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 2016-12-12. (Altrua achieved this via a merger with a smaller but older ministry)
  29. ^ "Business Entity Details: Anabaptist Healthshare". Virginia State Corporation Commission. from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  30. ^ "Anabaptist Healthshare". 19 December 2016. from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  31. ^ Images, Getty (15 February 2019). "Jews Now Have A Faith-Based Alternative To Health Insurance. But It's Risky". The Forward. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  32. ^ Roane, Dayna (1 March 2014), "Religious exemptions form health care individual mandate", Journal of Accountancy, from the original on 19 January 2017, retrieved 22 January 2017.
  33. ^ "Proposed regulations address direct primary care arrangements and health care sharing ministry memberships | Internal Revenue Service". www.irs.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  34. ^ "She's stuck with $75,000 in bills after her 'health care sharing ministry' refuses to pay". The Boston Globe.
  35. ^ Abelson, Reed (10 March 2020). "California Cracks Down on Alternative Health Plans". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  36. ^ Horton, Adrian (28 June 2021). "John Oliver on healthcare ministries: 'They are not health insurance'". The Guardian.
  37. ^ "John Oliver's JohnnyCare". JohnnyCare. from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021. The JohnnyCare Community provides for all your eligible* medical needs. (*The Web site clarifies that no needs are actually eligible.)

Further reading

  • Andrews, Michelle (25 April 2011). "Ministries allow Christians to share health-care costs". Washington Post.
  • Boyd, Benjamin (2013). "Health Care Sharing Ministries: Scam or Solution". Journal of Law and Health. 26 (2): 219–283.
  • Boyd, Benjamin (2013). "Obamacare's Silver Lining: Health Care Sharing Ministries". Liberty Legal Journal. 21.
  • Brase, Twila (January 2010). "Medical sharing: An inexpensive alternative to health insurance" (PDF). Citizens’ Council on Health Care.
  • Daniels, Scott (22 March 2016). "Health Care Sharing Ministries: An Uncommon Bond". doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.2761.6401. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Eastman, Kevin; Ruhland, Joseph S.; Eastman, Alan (2010). "Regulation of health care sharing ministries". Journal of Insurance Regulation. 29 (2): 189–206. ISSN 0736-248X. ProQuest 819664966. (or via EBSCO)
  • "Faithful flocking to another option for healthcare costs". Nursing. Ovid Technologies / Wolters Kluwer Health. 47 (3): 15. 2017. doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000512880.99009.2d. ISSN 0360-4039. S2CID 38045017.
  • Galarneau, Charlene (12 February 2015). "Health Care Sharing Ministries and Their Exemption From the Individual Mandate of the Affordable Care Act". Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. Springer Nature. 12 (2): 269–282. doi:10.1007/s11673-015-9610-3. ISSN 1176-7529. PMID 25672616. S2CID 10638955.
  • Galarneau, Charlene (2016). Communities of Health Care Justice. Critical Issues in Health and Medicine. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-7768-5.
  • Goodnough, Abby (31 January 2015). "Christians Flock to Groups That Help Members Pay Medical Bills". The New York Times.
  • Grover, Samuel T. (2011). "Religious Exemptions to the PPACA's Health Insurance Mandate". American Journal of Law & Medicine. SAGE Publications. 37 (4): 624–651. doi:10.1177/009885881103700404. ISSN 0098-8588. PMID 22292214. S2CID 10952265.
  • Henriques, Diana B. (20 October 2006). "Ministry's Medical Program Is Not Regulated". The New York Times.
  • Lilienstein, David; Cho, Jessica (September 2016). "When religion gets in the way of health care" (PDF). Plaintiff Magazine. pp. 7–14. (As published with advertising)
  • Markoe, Lauren (6 October 2014). "Following Evangelicals, Traditional Catholics Create a Health Insurance Alternative". Sojourners.
  • Paquette, Danielle (29 August 2014). "'Christians are just healthier': One family's cost-sharing alternative to Obamacare". Washington Post.
  • Roane, Dayna (2014). "Religious Exemptions from the Health Care Individual Mandate". Journal of Accountancy. 217 (3): 62.
  • Rohrer, K.; Dundes, L. (2016). "Sharing the Load: Amish Healthcare Financing. In Healthcare". Healthcare. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 4 (4): 92. doi:10.3390/healthcare4040092. PMC 5198134. PMID 27983624.
  • Smietana, Bob (23 January 2014). "For some Christians, sharing medical bills is a godly alternative". Washington Post.
  • Somashekhar, Sandhya (5 June 2014). "More Americans who oppose Obamacare are turning to faith-based nonprofits to cover medical expenses". Washington Post.
  • Worthen, Molly (1 January 2015). "Onward, Christian Health Care?". The New York Times.
  • Zamosky, Lisa (19 July 2016). "Healthcare sharing ministries: A leap of faith?". HealthInsurance.org.

External links

  • Brase, Twila (1 April 2010) [2009]. "Medical Sharing Ministries (MSM): Comparison chart" (PDF). Citizens’ Council on Health Care.
  • Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries

August 23, 2023
health, care, sharing, ministry, health, care, sharing, ministries, hcsm, organizations, united, states, which, health, care, costs, shared, among, members, with, common, ethical, religious, beliefs, risk, pooling, framework, some, ways, analogous, distinct, f. Health care sharing ministries HCSM are organizations in the United States in which health care costs are shared among members with common ethical or religious beliefs in a risk pooling framework in some ways analogous to but distinct from health insurance Members of health care sharing ministries were exempt from the individual mandate requirement of the U S Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that required individuals to have insurance from 2010 to 2019 1 2 Approximately 31 states have safe harbor laws distinguishing healthcare ministries from health insurance organizations 3 Some of the larger health care sharing ministries are Christian Healthcare Ministries founded in 1981 4 Medi Share a program of Christian Care Ministry 1993 5 4 6 Samaritan Ministries 1994 5 Liberty HealthShare 1998 originally established by Mennonites 5 7 8 United Refuah HealthShare 9 MCS Medical Cost Sharing 10 Altrua HealthShare 5 11 12 Freedom HealthShare Unite Health Share Ministries 13 and Trinity HealthShare 1997 14 15 Contents 1 History 2 Membership 3 Requirements under the Affordable Care Act 4 Tax deductibility 5 Criticism 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory EditPredecessors to health care sharing ministries date back to at least the early 1900s For many decades in Amish and Mennonite communities across the US people pooled their money to lighten the burden of debt for individuals during hard times 5 In the late 20th century this broadened out to larger communities by larger cost sharing ministries within the Christian community 5 Most health care sharing ministries are oriented toward practicing Christians and aligned with ideals or principles found in the Christian Bible 16 primarily translated to mean believers have a responsibility to assist in meeting each other s needs 17 Such ministries often cite a biblical verse in the book of Galatians from the New Testament as a mandate applicable to medical costs specifically Verse 2 in Chapter 6 in which the Apostle Paul said Bear one another s burdens and thus fulfill the law of Christ 5 Some ministries view verses 44 45 in Chapter 2 of the Book of Acts also from the New Testament which states that early Christians were together and had everything in common and gave to anyone as he had need as the basis for their founding 18 19 Other health cost sharing organizations are more secular For example Sedera Health asks their members to live a healthy lifestyle but does not explicitly emphasize any religious obligations 5 Several states which have tried to block health care sharing ministries on the grounds that they are selling unauthorized insurance 20 For example the State of Oklahoma contested Medi Share in 2007 for marketing information that promoted the cost sharing option as insurance but that issue was resolved when they changed their approach and by 2010 Medi Share was able to operate in Oklahoma once again 4 A majority of states however have enacted safe harbor laws specifying that the ministries are not insurance and do not need to be regulated as such In addition the U S Department of Health and Human Services issues exemption letters to ministries that have met the criteria to operate independently of the Affordable Care Act In 2010 at the time the U S Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed there were estimated to be about 100 000 people belonging to some type of medical bill sharing ministry 4 By 2014 it was estimated to be 160 000 and by 2018 that number in the US had grown to 1 million 5 21 The future of health care sharing ministries after Obamacare s individual mandate repeal was unclear when but a work published by Harvard Law School suggested that many people may continue to use them and they could even expand for people ineligible for healthcare subsidies i e above the income threshold 22 Membership EditAccording to Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries a trade association of sharing ministries over 1 million Americans participated in health care sharing as of February 2019 update sharing more than 670 million in medical bills annually 23 a A January 2015 op ed in The New York Times stated that the four main healthcare ministries in the US have a total combined membership of about 340 000 that membership has grown significantly because of the healthcare ministries exemption to the insurance mandate of the Affordable Care Act and that monthly cost of membership in a health care sharing ministry is generally lower than the cost of insurance rates 19 The Seattle Times also reported that membership had grown significantly in a 2015 article 24 Most health sharing ministries tend to have restrictions They usually require members to be in good health and make a statement of belief as well For instance Samaritan Ministries requires a statement of Christian faith including belief in the true God and divinity of Jesus Liberty HealthShare and Freedom HealthShare are more inclusive accepting members with a wide variety of religious and ethical beliefs citation needed All such ministries require that members subscribe to the principles of individual responsibility for their own health and of helping others in need 25 Requirements under the Affordable Care Act EditIn order for members to be exempt from the tax penalties outlined in the Affordable Care Act ministries must meet the following qualifications Must be a 501 c 3 organization Members must share common ethical or religious beliefs Must not discriminate membership based on state of residence or employment Members cannot lose membership due to development of a medical condition Must have or a predecessor must have existed and been in practice continually since December 31 1999 a grandfather clause Must be subject to an annual audit by an independent CPA which must be publicly available upon request 26 The five ministries that meet these qualifications are Christian Healthcare Ministries Liberty HealthShare Medi Share Samaritan Ministries citation needed OneShare citation needed MCS Medical Cost Sharing founded after 1999 did not meet the qualifications but offered to pay the tax penalties incurred by members 27 Altrua HealthShare has also been recognized as a qualifying health care sharing ministry due to its merger with Blessed Assurance Bulletin 28 Anabaptist Healthshare 29 is recognized as a health care sharing ministry by the U S Department of Health amp Human Services 30 In 2017 a healthcare sharing organization tailored to Jews United Refuah was launched The group claims to be recognized as a healthcare sharing organization by the Centers for Medicare amp Medicaid Services CMS 31 Tax deductibility EditMonthly share payments are not deductible from US federal income tax as either a medical expense because it is not a payment for insurance or a charitable deduction because it is a payment for goods and services Member payment in excess of their required monthly minimum however may be deductible as a charitable contribution 32 In a proposed rule dated June 8 2020 the IRS has proposed to change the deductibility of share payments 33 Criticism EditHealth insurance brokers in Massachusetts are not allowed to market health care sharing ministry memberships to consumers to avoid misleading consumers into thinking they are low price guaranteed issue insurance plans HCSMs are not required to cover pre existing conditions which has led to disputes over denial of payment 34 In 2020 the California Department of Insurance issued a cease and desist order to Aliera Healthcare Inc and Trinity Healthshares Inc founded by Timothy Moses and his wife Shelley Steele for violating California law by misleading California consumers into purchasing their products It is estimated that Aliera and the Moses family pocketed 84 of member monthly plan sharing allowing for up to 16 to be invested into the healthcare sharing ministry fund and drawing much criticism as Affordable Care Act health plans require up to 80 of premiums to be paid towards medical plans 35 In June 2021 comedian John Oliver set up a healthcare sharing ministry in Florida called Our Lady of Perpetual Health following his earlier satire Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption satirizing what HCSMs are allowed to do by law essentially having no obligation to provide any care 36 37 See also EditBenefit societyNotes Edit Updated statistics are available Data and Statistics Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries However it is unclear who the affiliates referred to are Does this include all Old German Baptist Brethren References Edit Pub L 111 148 text PDF Sec 5000A d 2 b i The Religious Alternative To Obamacare s Individual Mandate NPR Archived from the original on 2015 04 20 Retrieved 2015 05 19 Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries State info Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries Archived from the original on 2016 06 23 Retrieved 2020 10 09 a b c d Sharing ministries offer alternative to health insurance Dallas Morning News 28 December 2010 Retrieved 4 December 2019 a b c d e f g h i Laura Santhanam 16 January 2018 1 million Americans pool money in religious ministries to pay for health care PBS NewsHour Retrieved 4 December 2019 Medi Share My Christian Care Archived from the original on 2015 05 14 Retrieved 2015 05 19 Health care sharing ministries promise relief from high insurance costs But there s a catch Washington Post 25 November 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2019 Liberty HealthShare Archived from the original on 2015 05 15 Retrieved 2015 05 19 Healthshare Plans Jewish Health Care Sharing United Refuah HealthShare Archived from the original on 2019 02 02 Retrieved 2019 02 01 Christian Health Care Christian Medical Cost Sharing Archived from the original on 2015 05 22 Retrieved 2015 05 19 Resources Altrua Health Share Archived from the original on 2015 05 19 Retrieved 2015 05 19 Health care sharing ministry members share their experiences Self pay patient 2013 11 27 Archived from the original on 2015 05 09 Retrieved 2015 05 19 Learn about Healthcare Sharing Programs from Unite Health Share Ministries UHSM Retrieved 2020 10 22 2018 IRS Determination Letter PDF Trinity HealthShare Announces Agreement with Faith Driven Life Church Trinity HealthShare 2020 01 29 Retrieved 2020 02 06 Healthcare Sharing with UHSM UHSM Retrieved 2020 10 27 Whyte Liz Essley Sharing Health Philanthropy Magazine Archived from the original on 2015 04 28 Retrieved 2015 05 19 Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries Archived from the original on 2015 04 14 Retrieved 2015 05 19 a b Onward Christian Health Care The New York Times Archived from the original on May 23 2015 Retrieved May 19 2015 The Washington Post Archived from the original on 2017 11 14 Retrieved 2020 10 09 Healthcare News How Member to Member Medical Cost Sharing Programs Work UHSM 2019 08 02 Retrieved 2020 10 09 Dong Aobo January 17 2018 Health Care Sharing Ministries HCSMs after Tax Penalty Repeal Bill of Health blog Harvard Law Petrie Flom Center archived from the original on 2018 02 02 retrieved 2018 02 01 What is Health Care Sharing Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries 10 February 2017 Archived from the original on 10 February 2017 Banking on faith Cost sharing ministries offer Obamacare alternative The Seattle Times Archived from the original on 2015 05 20 Retrieved 2015 05 20 Healthcare Sharing Mainstream Healthcare Choices Christian Healthcare Ministries review February 28 2016 Archived from the original on March 17 2016 Retrieved March 17 2016 Pub L 111 148 text PDF Sec 5000A d 2 b ii No Penalties for M C S Members Christian Medical Cost Sharing Archived from the original on May 22 2015 Retrieved Nov 16 2020 Parnell Sean 15 October 2014 Altrua qualifies for Obamacare exemption plus more on CMF Curo The Self Pay Patient Archived from the original on 20 September 2016 Retrieved 2016 12 12 Altrua achieved this via a merger with a smaller but older ministry Business Entity Details Anabaptist Healthshare Virginia State Corporation Commission Archived from the original on 19 May 2018 Retrieved 14 June 2017 Anabaptist Healthshare 19 December 2016 Archived from the original on 23 November 2017 Retrieved 14 June 2017 Images Getty 15 February 2019 Jews Now Have A Faith Based Alternative To Health Insurance But It s Risky The Forward Retrieved 2020 11 05 Roane Dayna 1 March 2014 Religious exemptions form health care individual mandate Journal of Accountancy archived from the original on 19 January 2017 retrieved 22 January 2017 Proposed regulations address direct primary care arrangements and health care sharing ministry memberships Internal Revenue Service www irs gov Retrieved 2020 11 16 She s stuck with 75 000 in bills after her health care sharing ministry refuses to pay The Boston Globe Abelson Reed 10 March 2020 California Cracks Down on Alternative Health Plans The New York Times Retrieved 11 July 2021 Horton Adrian 28 June 2021 John Oliver on healthcare ministries They are not health insurance The Guardian John Oliver s JohnnyCare JohnnyCare Archived from the original on 29 June 2021 Retrieved 29 June 2021 The JohnnyCare Community provides for all your eligible medical needs The Web site clarifies that no needs are actually eligible Further reading EditAndrews Michelle 25 April 2011 Ministries allow Christians to share health care costs Washington Post Boyd Benjamin 2013 Health Care Sharing Ministries Scam or Solution Journal of Law and Health 26 2 219 283 Boyd Benjamin 2013 Obamacare s Silver Lining Health Care Sharing Ministries Liberty Legal Journal 21 Brase Twila January 2010 Medical sharing An inexpensive alternative to health insurance PDF Citizens Council on Health Care Daniels Scott 22 March 2016 Health Care Sharing Ministries An Uncommon Bond doi 10 13140 rg 2 1 2761 6401 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Eastman Kevin Ruhland Joseph S Eastman Alan 2010 Regulation of health care sharing ministries Journal of Insurance Regulation 29 2 189 206 ISSN 0736 248X ProQuest 819664966 or via EBSCO Faithful flocking to another option for healthcare costs Nursing Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer Health 47 3 15 2017 doi 10 1097 01 nurse 0000512880 99009 2d ISSN 0360 4039 S2CID 38045017 Galarneau Charlene 12 February 2015 Health Care Sharing Ministries and Their Exemption From the Individual Mandate of the Affordable Care Act Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Springer Nature 12 2 269 282 doi 10 1007 s11673 015 9610 3 ISSN 1176 7529 PMID 25672616 S2CID 10638955 Galarneau Charlene 2016 Communities of Health Care Justice Critical Issues in Health and Medicine Rutgers University Press ISBN 978 0 8135 7768 5 Goodnough Abby 31 January 2015 Christians Flock to Groups That Help Members Pay Medical Bills The New York Times Grover Samuel T 2011 Religious Exemptions to the PPACA s Health Insurance Mandate American Journal of Law amp Medicine SAGE Publications 37 4 624 651 doi 10 1177 009885881103700404 ISSN 0098 8588 PMID 22292214 S2CID 10952265 Henriques Diana B 20 October 2006 Ministry s Medical Program Is Not Regulated The New York Times Lilienstein David Cho Jessica September 2016 When religion gets in the way of health care PDF Plaintiff Magazine pp 7 14 As published with advertising Markoe Lauren 6 October 2014 Following Evangelicals Traditional Catholics Create a Health Insurance Alternative Sojourners Paquette Danielle 29 August 2014 Christians are just healthier One family s cost sharing alternative to Obamacare Washington Post Roane Dayna 2014 Religious Exemptions from the Health Care Individual Mandate Journal of Accountancy 217 3 62 Rohrer K Dundes L 2016 Sharing the Load Amish Healthcare Financing In Healthcare Healthcare Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 4 4 92 doi 10 3390 healthcare4040092 PMC 5198134 PMID 27983624 Smietana Bob 23 January 2014 For some Christians sharing medical bills is a godly alternative Washington Post Somashekhar Sandhya 5 June 2014 More Americans who oppose Obamacare are turning to faith based nonprofits to cover medical expenses Washington Post Worthen Molly 1 January 2015 Onward Christian Health Care The New York Times Zamosky Lisa 19 July 2016 Healthcare sharing ministries A leap of faith HealthInsurance org External links EditBrase Twila 1 April 2010 2009 Medical Sharing Ministries MSM Comparison chart PDF Citizens Council on Health Care Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Health care sharing ministry amp oldid 1171046709, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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