The name Hasinai (with the variants Hasini, Asenai, Asinai, Assoni, Asenay, Cenis, Senis, and Sannaye) means "our own people" in Caddoan. The Spanish knew the Hasinai as the Tejas or Texas, from a form of greeting meaning "friend", which gave the state of Texas its name.[3]
Government
When the Spanish and the French encountered the Hasinai in the 1680s, they were a centrally organized chiefdom under the control of a religious leader, known as the Grand Xinesi. He lived in a secluded house and met with a council of elders.
The chieftainship consisted of several subdivisions, which have been designated "cantonments". Each was under the control of a Caddi. There were also men designated as Canahas and Chayas, who helped the Caddi run the system.[4]
History
The historic domain of the Hasinai and other Caddo tribes
During the 17th century, the Hasinai traded with the Jumano at the western Hasinai city of Nabedache.[5] Some consider the residents of Nabedache to have been a distinct people designated by that name.
Historic populations
It is estimated that in 1520, the people who would become the Hasinai, the Kadohadacho and the Natchitoches, numbered about 250,000.[6] Over the next 250 years, the population of these Caddoan-speaking peoples was severely reduced by epidemics of endemic diseases carried by Spanish and French colonists and spread through indigenous trading networks. Native Americans had no acquired immunity to the new diseases, and suffered high mortality.
In 1690, the Hasinai numbered in the vicinity of 10,000 people or a little more. By 1720, as a result of infectious diseases such as smallpox, the Hasinai population had fallen to 2,000.[7]
^2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory. 2012-04-24 at the Wayback MachineOklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. 2011: 7. Retrieved 20 Aug 2013.
^Juliana Barr, Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007) p. 20
Edmonds, Randlett. Nusht'uhtiʔtiʔ Hasinay: Caddo Phrasebook. Richardson, TX: Various Indian Peoples Publishing, 2003. ISBN1-884655-00-9.
External links
The Hasinai Society of the Caddo Nation 2014-12-19 at the Wayback Machine
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture — The Hasinai
Texasbeyondhistory.net: Life and Times of the Caddo
January 31, 2023
hasinai, confederacy, caddo, hasíinay, large, confederation, caddo, speaking, native, americans, occupied, territory, between, sabine, trinity, rivers, eastern, texas, today, their, descendants, enrolled, caddo, nation, oklahoma, natchitoches, tribe, louisiana. The Hasinai Confederacy Caddo Hasiinay 2 was a large confederation of Caddo speaking Native Americans who occupied territory between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas Today their descendants are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma and the Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana HasinaiAngelina River west of Nacogdoches Texas ancestral Hasinai homelandTotal populationunder 5 757 1 Regions with significant populationsformerly Louisiana Texas currently OklahomaLanguagesHasinai EnglishReligionNative American Church ChristianityRelated ethnic groupsHainai Nabedache Nabiti Nacogdoche Nacono Nadaco Nasoni Lower Nechaui Neche and other Caddo people Contents 1 Name 2 Government 3 History 4 Historic populations 5 Closely related peoples 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksName EditThe name Hasinai with the variants Hasini Asenai Asinai Assoni Asenay Cenis Senis and Sannaye means our own people in Caddoan The Spanish knew the Hasinai as the Tejas or Texas from a form of greeting meaning friend which gave the state of Texas its name 3 Government EditWhen the Spanish and the French encountered the Hasinai in the 1680s they were a centrally organized chiefdom under the control of a religious leader known as the Grand Xinesi He lived in a secluded house and met with a council of elders The chieftainship consisted of several subdivisions which have been designated cantonments Each was under the control of a Caddi There were also men designated as Canahas and Chayas who helped the Caddi run the system 4 History Edit The historic domain of the Hasinai and other Caddo tribes During the 17th century the Hasinai traded with the Jumano at the western Hasinai city of Nabedache 5 Some consider the residents of Nabedache to have been a distinct people designated by that name Historic populations EditIt is estimated that in 1520 the people who would become the Hasinai the Kadohadacho and the Natchitoches numbered about 250 000 6 Over the next 250 years the population of these Caddoan speaking peoples was severely reduced by epidemics of endemic diseases carried by Spanish and French colonists and spread through indigenous trading networks Native Americans had no acquired immunity to the new diseases and suffered high mortality In 1690 the Hasinai numbered in the vicinity of 10 000 people or a little more By 1720 as a result of infectious diseases such as smallpox the Hasinai population had fallen to 2 000 7 Closely related peoples EditArikara Chitimacha Kadohadacho Natchitoches Pawnee TulaSee also EditCaddoan Mississippian culture Caddo Caddo language Yowani Choctaw El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic TrailNotes Edit 2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory Archived 2012 04 24 at the Wayback Machine Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission 2011 7 Retrieved 20 Aug 2013 Edmonds 27 Hasinai Indians Texas State Historical Association Gary Clayton Anderson The Indian Southwest 1580 1830 Ethnogenesis and Reinvention Norman University of Oklahoma Press 1999 p 44 Anderson The Indian Southwest p 47 Juliana Barr Peace Came in the Form of a Woman Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press 2007 p 20 Anderson The Indian Southwest p 57References EditEdmonds Randlett Nusht uhtiʔtiʔ Hasinay Caddo Phrasebook Richardson TX Various Indian Peoples Publishing 2003 ISBN 1 884655 00 9 External links EditThe Hasinai Society of the Caddo Nation Archived 2014 12 19 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture The Hasinai Tides sfasu ed Texas Tides Location of the Tribes of the Hasinai Confederacy in 1716 Texasbeyondhistory net Life and Times of the Caddo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hasinai amp oldid 1130107601, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
