Harvaqtuurmiut (alternate: Harvaqtormiut,[2] or Ha'vaqtuurmiut; translation: "whirlpools aplenty people") were a Caribou Inuit society in Nunavut, Canada. Predominantly, their inland existence was along the lower Kazan River section, by Thirty Mile Lake, that they called Harvaqtuuq.[3] In 1995, the lower Kazan River area, an important crossing area for the Kaminuriak caribou herd as well as the traditional territory and ancestral home of Harvaqtuurmiut, was designated the Fall Caribou Crossing National Historic Site.[4]
"You must know that human beings differ. The Harvaqtormiut know many things we do not know, and we know many things they do not. Therefore you must not compare the Harvaqtormiut with us, for their knowledge is not our knowledge, as our knowledge is not theirs." (Knud Rasmussen, 1930)
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Harvaqtuurmiut and others lived in the interior west of Hudson Bay. In addition to the lower Kazan River area, they also occupied areas below Yathkyed Lake, below the Kunwak River, and inland to Beverly Lake and the lower Dubawnt River. Historically, the land of the Harvaqtuurmiut was also a gathering place for people from other places because the Kazan River is a fall caribou crossing area.[5]
Population estimates in 1918 were 186, but down to 71 in 1922.[6] By the early 1980s, most had moved to Baker Lake.[7]
Culture
Their cultural and linguistic traditions were shared with the Ahiarmiut, Hauniqtuurmiut, Paallirmiut, and Qairnirmiut.[8] By the 19th century, the Harvaqtuurmiut and the Qairnirmiut were known to live inland and to the north.[7] While according to Vallee (1962), they were known to rarely visit the coast and on those occasions, they came to trade but did not hunt sea mammals,[9] Kuoljok (1969) stated that sea mammals held some importance during the summer for the Harvaqtuurmiut.[10]
While they engaged in the fur trade, their primary focus was the Barren-ground Caribou as they relied on it for subsistence and it determined where they built their homes. They specialized in hunting at autumn river-crossings.[11] They used kayaks characterized as being sleek and of well made design.[7]
The Harvaqtuurmiut society had its own traditions. Niqaptaq was a goose hunting ritual involving strings with bones ties at the ends that were spun overhead and when they wrapped around a goose's neck, the goose fell to the ground. They used moss smoke in their tents as a mosquito repellent. Dried moss, collected in the summer, was used as a fuel lighting mechanism.
Drum dances might be incorporated into asking questions of Shamans. Drum dancing movement is up to the individual and might include bending at the knee, moving in a circle, standing still, moving in a procession, moving back and forth, running, or jumping.[12] According to Rasmussen (1927), the Harvaqtuurmiut believed in Pinga, an Inuit female spirit, who was watchful of people's conduct, rewarding and punishing them based on how they behaved.[13]
Harvaqtuurmiut followed five seasons: Upinraqhaaq (a time of snow melt), Upinraaq (July and early August), Aujahajuq or Aujaq (mid-August to September), Ukiaqhaq or Ukiaq (October to early November), and Ukiuq (mid-November to April).[14]
References
^Laugrand, F. (2002-05-01). "Write to Speak". encyclopedia.com. Anthropology and Company. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
^Clark, Patricia Roberts (2009). Tribal names of the Americas: spelling variants and alternative forms, cross-referenced. McFarland. ISBN978-0-7864-3833-4.
^(PDF). nunavutparks.com. Department of Sustainable Development, Parks and Tourism Division. November 2000. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
^Stewart, Andrew; et al. (September 1, 2000). "Archaeology and oral history of Inuit land use on the Kazan River, Nunavut: a feature-based approach". Arctic. 53 (3). doi:10.14430/arctic857.[dead link]
^ abcArima, E. (June 1994). "Caribou and Iglulik Inuit Kayaks" (PDF). Arctic. ucalgary.ca. 47 (2): 193–195. doi:10.14430/arctic1289.
^Keith, Darren (2004). "Caribou, river and ocean: Harvaqtuurmiut landscape organization and orientation" (PDF). Études/Inuit/Studies. 28 (4): 2. doi:10.7202/013195ar.
^Vallee, Frank Gerald (1962). Kabloona and Eskimo in the Central Keewatin. Northern Co-ordination and Research Centre, Dept. of Northern Affairs and National Resources. p. 21.
^Kuoljok, Kerstin Eidlitz (1969). Food and emergency food in the circumpolar area. Almqvist & Wiksells. p. 10.
^Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, International Arctic Science Committee (2005). Arctic climate impact assessment. Cambridge University Press. p. 83. ISBN0-521-86509-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^Bennett, John; Rowley, Susan Diana Mary (2004). Uqalurait: an oral history of Nunavut. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 74, 83–84, 106, 109. ISBN0-7735-2340-5.
harvaqtuurmiut, alternate, harvaqtormiut, vaqtuurmiut, translation, whirlpools, aplenty, people, were, caribou, inuit, society, nunavut, canada, predominantly, their, inland, existence, along, lower, kazan, river, section, thirty, mile, lake, that, they, calle. Harvaqtuurmiut alternate Harvaqtormiut 2 or Ha vaqtuurmiut translation whirlpools aplenty people were a Caribou Inuit society in Nunavut Canada Predominantly their inland existence was along the lower Kazan River section by Thirty Mile Lake that they called Harvaqtuuq 3 In 1995 the lower Kazan River area an important crossing area for the Kaminuriak caribou herd as well as the traditional territory and ancestral home of Harvaqtuurmiut was designated the Fall Caribou Crossing National Historic Site 4 Inuit inukshuk on the lower Kazan River used during the caribou hunt You must know that human beings differ The Harvaqtormiut know many things we do not know and we know many things they do not Therefore you must not compare the Harvaqtormiut with us for their knowledge is not our knowledge as our knowledge is not theirs Knud Rasmussen 1930 1 Contents 1 History 2 Culture 3 References 4 External linksHistory EditIn the 19th and 20th centuries Harvaqtuurmiut and others lived in the interior west of Hudson Bay In addition to the lower Kazan River area they also occupied areas below Yathkyed Lake below the Kunwak River and inland to Beverly Lake and the lower Dubawnt River Historically the land of the Harvaqtuurmiut was also a gathering place for people from other places because the Kazan River is a fall caribou crossing area 5 Population estimates in 1918 were 186 but down to 71 in 1922 6 By the early 1980s most had moved to Baker Lake 7 Culture EditTheir cultural and linguistic traditions were shared with the Ahiarmiut Hauniqtuurmiut Paallirmiut and Qairnirmiut 8 By the 19th century the Harvaqtuurmiut and the Qairnirmiut were known to live inland and to the north 7 While according to Vallee 1962 they were known to rarely visit the coast and on those occasions they came to trade but did not hunt sea mammals 9 Kuoljok 1969 stated that sea mammals held some importance during the summer for the Harvaqtuurmiut 10 While they engaged in the fur trade their primary focus was the Barren ground Caribou as they relied on it for subsistence and it determined where they built their homes They specialized in hunting at autumn river crossings 11 They used kayaks characterized as being sleek and of well made design 7 The Harvaqtuurmiut society had its own traditions Niqaptaq was a goose hunting ritual involving strings with bones ties at the ends that were spun overhead and when they wrapped around a goose s neck the goose fell to the ground They used moss smoke in their tents as a mosquito repellent Dried moss collected in the summer was used as a fuel lighting mechanism Drum dances might be incorporated into asking questions of Shamans Drum dancing movement is up to the individual and might include bending at the knee moving in a circle standing still moving in a procession moving back and forth running or jumping 12 According to Rasmussen 1927 the Harvaqtuurmiut believed in Pinga an Inuit female spirit who was watchful of people s conduct rewarding and punishing them based on how they behaved 13 Harvaqtuurmiut followed five seasons Upinraqhaaq a time of snow melt Upinraaq July and early August Aujahajuq or Aujaq mid August to September Ukiaqhaq or Ukiaq October to early November and Ukiuq mid November to April 14 References Edit Laugrand F 2002 05 01 Write to Speak encyclopedia com Anthropology and Company Retrieved 2008 01 01 Clark Patricia Roberts 2009 Tribal names of the Americas spelling variants and alternative forms cross referenced McFarland ISBN 978 0 7864 3833 4 Keith pp 2 6 Kazan Heritage River Ten Year Review PDF nunavutparks com Department of Sustainable Development Parks and Tourism Division November 2000 p 13 Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2011 Retrieved 13 October 2010 Stewart Andrew et al September 1 2000 Archaeology and oral history of Inuit land use on the Kazan River Nunavut a feature based approach Arctic 53 3 doi 10 14430 arctic857 dead link Keith p 5 a b c Arima E June 1994 Caribou and Iglulik Inuit Kayaks PDF Arctic ucalgary ca 47 2 193 195 doi 10 14430 arctic1289 Keith Darren 2004 Caribou river and ocean Harvaqtuurmiut landscape organization and orientation PDF Etudes Inuit Studies 28 4 2 doi 10 7202 013195ar Vallee Frank Gerald 1962 Kabloona and Eskimo in the Central Keewatin Northern Co ordination and Research Centre Dept of Northern Affairs and National Resources p 21 Kuoljok Kerstin Eidlitz 1969 Food and emergency food in the circumpolar area Almqvist amp Wiksells p 10 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme International Arctic Science Committee 2005 Arctic climate impact assessment Cambridge University Press p 83 ISBN 0 521 86509 3 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Bennett John Rowley Susan Diana Mary 2004 Uqalurait an oral history of Nunavut McGill Queen s Press pp 74 83 84 106 109 ISBN 0 7735 2340 5 Vallee p 167 Keith pp 6 10External links EditPhotos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Harvaqtuurmiut amp oldid 1062850032, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
