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Hartheim killing centre

January 22, 2023

The Hartheim killing centre (German: NS-Tötungsanstalt Hartheim, sometimes translated as "Hartheim killing facility" or "Hartheim euthanasia centre") was a killing facility involved in the Nazi programme known as Aktion T4, in which German citizens deemed mentally or physically unfit were systematically murdered with poison gas. Often, these patients were transferred from other killing facilities such as the Am Spiegelgrund clinic in Vienna. This was initially a programme of "involuntary euthanasia" permitted under the law ostensibly to enable the lawful and painless killing of incurably ill patients; these murders continued even after the law was rescinded in 1942. Other victims included Jews, Communists and those considered undesirable by the state. Concentration camp inmates who were unfit for work, or otherwise deemed troublesome, were also executed here. The facility was housed in Hartheim Castle in the municipality of Alkoven, near Linz, Austria, which now is a memorial site and documentation centre.

Hartheim Castle in 2005
Collection bus and driver
Viktor Brack testifies in his defence at the Doctors' Trial in Nuremberg in 1947.

Hartheim statistics

In June 1945, during investigations by US Forces into the former gassing facility at Hartheim, the American investigating officer Charles Dameron broke open a steel safe in which the Hartheim statistics were found. This was a 39-page brochure produced for the internal purposes of the Nazi "euthanasia" programme (Aktion T4), and contained monthly statistics of the gassing of mentally and physically handicapped patients (called "disinfection" in the document) carried out in the six killing centres on the territory of the Reich.[1] In 1968 and 1970 an ex-employee of the establishment revealed, as a witness, that he had to compile the material at the end of 1942.[2][3]: 478, note 23  The Hartheim statistics included a page on which it was calculated that "disinfecting 70,273 people with a life expectation of 10 years" had saved food in the value of 141,775,573.80 Reichsmarks.[3]: 24 

Victims of the first extermination phase in Hartheim

According to the Hartheim statistics, a total of 18,269 people were murdered in the gas chamber at Hartheim in the period of 16 months between May 1940 and 1 September 1941:[4]

1940 1941 Total murdered
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
633 982 1,449 1,740 1,123 1,400 1,396 947 943 1,178 974 1,123 1,106 1,364 735 1,176 18,269

These statistics only cover the first extermination phase of the Nazi's euthanasia programme, Action T4, which was brought to an end by Hitler's order dated 24 August 1941 after protests by the Roman Catholic Church.

In all it is estimated that a total of 30,000 people were murdered at Hartheim. Among those killed were sick and disabled persons as well as prisoners from concentration camps. The killings were carried out by carbon monoxide poisoning.

14f13 "Special Treatment"

Just three days after the formal end of Action T4, a lorry arrived at Hartheim with 70 Jewish inmates from Mauthausen concentration camp who were subsequently executed there.[5]: 266  The Hartheim killing centre achieved a special notoriety, not just because it was where the largest number of patients were gassed, but because as part of Action 14f13 Hartheim was also the institution in which the most concentration camp prisoners were executed. Their numbers are estimated at 12,000.[5]: 290 

Prisoners at Mauthausen who were no longer capable of working, especially in the quarries, and politically undesirable prisoners were brought to Hartheim to be executed. In the papers these transfers were disguised with terms like "recreation leave". The entries under "sickness" included "German-haters", "communist" or "Polish fanatic". From 1944 on, the prisoners were no longer selected by T4 doctors; the objective was simply to gain space in the Mauthausen camp quickly.[5]: 292  Other transports came from the concentration camp of Gusen, and probably also from Ravensbrück during 1944, made up of women inmates who were predominantly tuberculosis sufferers and those deemed mentally infirm.[6]

Execution doctors

The Action T4 organisers, Viktor Brack and Karl Brandt, ordered that the execution of the sick had to be carried out by medical doctors because Hitler's memorandum of authorisation of 1 September 1939 only referred to doctors. The operation of the gas tap was thus the responsibility of doctors in the death centres. However, during the course of the programme, the gas valves were occasionally operated by others in the absence of the doctors or for other reasons. Also, many doctors used pseudonyms rather than their real names in the documents.

The following death doctors worked in Hartheim:

  • Head: Rudolf Lonauer: 1 April 1940 to April 1945
  • Deputy head: Georg Renno: May 1940 to February 1945

Niedernhart station

The Action T4 killing centres had intermediate stations for victims. Many lorries carrying victims to their destination at Hartheim went via the Niedernhart Mental Institute in Linz, where Rudolf Lonauer was the senior doctor, as he was in Hartheim. There, hundreds of victims were killed, mainly by lethal injection. For the Action T4 patients were screened and categorised, then a bus was filled with the victims and driven to Hartheim.

Move of T4 to Hartheim and Weissenbach am Attersee

In August 1943, due to allied bombing of Berlin, the head office for the National Socialist Euthanasia Programme was moved from Tiergartenstrasse 4, Berlin, to the Ostmark region, which was then humorously described as the air raid shelter of the Reich. The statistic and documents by Paul Nitsche, correspondence, notices and reports were taken to Hartheim (office department, accounts office) and the Schoberstein Recreation Centre near Weißenbach am Attersee (medical department).[2][7][3]: 168 f 

Victims

Well-known victims

  • Maria Karoline von Sachsen Coburg und Gotha, Austrian princess (1899–1941)[8]
  • Bernhard Heinzmann [de] (1903–1942), German Roman Catholic priest
  • Friedrich Karas [de] (1895–1942), Austrian Roman Catholic priest
  • Jan Kowalski (1871–1942), Polish bishop of the Catholic Mariavite Church
  • Ida Maly [de] (1894–1941), Austrian artist
  • Gottfried Neunhäuserer (1882–1941), Austrian Benedictine father
  • Friederike (Friedl) Roth, née Reichler (1900–1940), widow of writer Joseph Roth
  • Werner Sylten [de] (1893–1942), Protestant theologian
  • Aloisia Veit (1891–1940), second cousin of Adolf Hitler

Clergy

A total of 310 Polish, seven German, six Czech, four Luxemburg, three Dutch and two Belgian priests were murdered. Many of them were transported from the Priest's Block in Dachau concentration camp.[9] The chaplain, Hermann Scheipers, was also moved to the Invalid's Block, in order to be taken to Hartheim. Scheiper's sister—who stayed in contact by letter—tracked down a certain Dr. Bernsdorf, employee of the RSHA Berlin-Oranienburg, who was responsible for the clergy imprisoned in the Priest's Block. She confronted him and stated that, in Münsterland, it was an open secret that imprisoned priests were sent to the gas chamber. Bernsdorf apparently became very nervous during the discussion and telephoned the Commandant's Office at Dachau. Scheipers reported that it was on that same day, the 13 August 1942, that there was a response: he and three other German clergymen were moved from the Invalid's Block (where the SS assembled prisoners for onward transportation) back to the Priest's Block.[10]

Hartheim T4 staff

Kochan and at least 14 others employees involved in an amateur scheme to using fraudulent letters to enrich themselves. In August 1942, Kochan was arrested by the Gestapo for embezzlement. He had used forged papers to impersonate a police officer and to enrich himself. He and his accomplices had used various forged documents to obtain special privileges, including free travel on the railroad and free deck chairs at the beach. Kochan also used the papers to convince Jews that he could get them exit visas for money. All of these things posed the threat of exposing the operation.[13]

Kochan was not allowed to defend himself during his trial and the judges could not ask questions. He was sentenced to death on 10 February 1943. Kochan, 35, was guillotined at Plötzensee Prison on 16 March 1943.[13]

Those chiefly responsible for recruiting the lower-ranking staff, according to witness statements, were the two Gau inspectors, Stefan Schachermayr (1912–2008) and Franz Peterseil (1907–1991), as well as Adolf Gustav Kaufmann (1902–1974), head of the inspection department of the T4 central office in Berlin.[14][15]

See also

References

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  2. ^ a b Friedlander, Henry (1997). Der Weg zum NS-Genozid. Von der Euthanasie zur Endlösung. Translated by Friedmann, Johanna. Berlin: Berlin-Verlag. p. 518 f in note 99. ISBN 3-8270-0265-6. Table of contents.
  3. ^ a b c Klee, Ernst (2009). Euthanasie im NS-Staat: die Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens (in German). Vol. 4326 (12th (unabridged) ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbücher. ISBN 978-3-596-24326-6.
  4. ^ Klee, Ernst, ed. (1997) [1985]. Dokumente zur Euthanasie (in German). Vol. 4327. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbücher. p. 232 f. ISBN 3-596-24327-0.
  5. ^ a b c Klee, Ernst (2010). Euthanasie im Dritten Reich. Die Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens. Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus (in German). Vol. 18674. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbücher. ISBN 978-3-596-18674-7.. – Online Summary . (formerly under the title: Euthanasie im NS-Staat).
  6. ^ Helm, Sarah, 'If This Is A Woman. Inside Ravensbrück: Hitler's Concentration Camp for Women', pp.453-455.
  7. ^ "Organisationschema der NS-Euthanasie: Auslagerung der Aktion T4 nach Hartheim im August 1943" (PDF). braintrust.at.
  8. ^ Aanmoen, Oskar (11 July 2019). "The Princess who was gassed by the Nazis". Royal Central.
  9. ^ Zámečník, Stanislav; Comité International de Dachau, eds. (2007). Das war Dachau. Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Vol. 17228. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbücher. p. 219–222. ISBN 978-3-596-17228-3.
  10. ^ Scheipers, Hermann (1997). Gratwanderungen. Priester unter zwei Diktaturen (3 ed.). Leipzig: Benno-Verlag. ISBN 3-7462-1221-9.
  11. ^ Schwarz, Peter (1999). "Der Gerichtsakt Georg Renno als Quelle für das Projekt Hartheim". Jahrbuch. Vienna: Dokumentationsarchiv des Österreichischen Widerstandes. p. 80–92. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  12. ^ a b Klee, Ernst (2001). "Chapter 10: Österreich". Deutsche Medizin im Dritten Reich. Karrieren vor und nach 1945 (in German). Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer. ISBN 3-10-039310-4.
  13. ^ a b "The Origins Of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia To The Final Solution [PDF] [1l5fnq8rbpeo]". vdoc.pub. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  14. ^ Tóth, Barbara (2010). Der Handschlag – die Affäre Frischenschlager-Reder (Dr. phil. dissertation) (in German). University of Vienna. p. 43. doi:10.25365/thesis.10810.
  15. ^ Goldberger, Josef (2000). "Euthanasieanstalt Hartheim und Reichsgau Oberdonau. Involvierung von Verwaltungs- und Parteidienststellen des Reichsgaues Oberdonau in das Euthanasieprogramm" (PDF). Mitteilungen des Oberösterreichischen Landesarchivs. Linz: Oberösterreichisches Landesarchiv. 19: 359–373. (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2020.

Sources

  • Gabriel, Heinz Eberhard; Neugebauer, Wolfgang, eds. (2002). Vorreiter der Vernichtung? Von der Zwangssterilisierung zur Ermordung Zur Geschichte der NS-Euthanasie in Wien, Vol. 2. Vienna: Böhlau. ISBN 3-205-99325-X.. Table of contents.
  • Horsinga-Renno, Mireille (2008). Der Arzt von Hartheim: Wie ich die Wahrheit über die Nazi-Vergangenheit meines Onkels herausfand. Translated by Bauer, Martin. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt. ISBN 978-3-499-62307-3.. Summary online.
  • Kepplinger, Brigitte. (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2004.
  • Kepplinger, Brigitte; Marckhgott, Gerhart; Reese, Hartmut, eds. (2008). Tötungsanstalt Hartheim. Oberösterreich in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). Linz: Oberösterreichisches Landesarchiv. ISBN 978-3-900313-89-0.. Summary.
  • Walter Kohl: Die Pyramiden von Hartheim. Euthanasie in Oberösterreich 1940 bis 1945. Edition Geschichte der Heimat. Steinmaßl, Grünbach, 1997, ISBN 3-900943-51-6. – Table of contents.
  • Walter Kohl: "Ich fühle mich nicht schuldig". Georg Renno, Euthanasiearzt. Paul-Zsolnay-Verlag, Vienna, 2000, ISBN 3-552-04973-8.
  • Kurt Leininger: Verordnetes Sterben – verdrängte Erinnerungen. NS-Euthanasie in Schloss Hartheim. Verlagshaus der Ärzte, Vienna, 2006, ISBN 978-3-901488-82-5.
  • Tom Matzek: Das Mordschloss. Auf den Spuren von NS-Verbrechen in Schloss Hartheim. 1. Auflage. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna, 2002, ISBN 3-218-00710-0. (Description of contents).
  • Johannes Neuhauser (ed.): Hartheim – wohin unbekannt. Briefe & Dokumente. Publication P No 1 – Bibliothek der Provinz. Bibliothek der Provinz, Weitra, 1992, ISBN 3-900878-47-1.
  • Franz Rieger: Schattenschweigen oder Hartheim. Roman. (Zeitkritischer Roman). Styria, Graz (u.a.) 1985, ISBN 3-222-11641-5. (Ausgabe 2002: ISBN 3-85252-496-2).
  • Jean-Marie Winkler, Gazage de concentrationnaires au château de Hartheim. L'action 14f13 en Autriche annexée. Nouvelles recherches sur la comptabilité de la mort, éditions Tirésias - Michel Reynaud, Paris, 2010 (ISBN 9782915293616)


Other literature see main article: Nazi Euthanasia Programme or Action T4

Audio and video

  • Tom Matzek: Das Mordschloss. Eine Dokumentation über die Gräuel in Schloss Hartheim. TV programme by ORF, 2001, Brennpunkt. 1 videocassette (VHS, ca. 45 minutes). S. n., s. l. 2001. [B 1]

Footnote to "Audio and video"

  1. ^ Permalink Österreichischer Bibliothekenverbund 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine, Description of contents 2011-08-20 at the Wayback Machine.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aktion T4 in Hartheim.
  • Online presence of the Schloss Hartheim memorial site
  • Mühldorf History Society – Information on the residents of the Ecksberg Handicapped Centre, who were executed at Hartheim.

Coordinates: 48°16′52.17″N 14°06′49.50″E / 48.2811583°N 14.1137500°E / 48.2811583; 14.1137500

January 22, 2023
hartheim, killing, centre, german, tötungsanstalt, hartheim, sometimes, translated, hartheim, killing, facility, hartheim, euthanasia, centre, killing, facility, involved, nazi, programme, known, aktion, which, german, citizens, deemed, mentally, physically, u. The Hartheim killing centre German NS Totungsanstalt Hartheim sometimes translated as Hartheim killing facility or Hartheim euthanasia centre was a killing facility involved in the Nazi programme known as Aktion T4 in which German citizens deemed mentally or physically unfit were systematically murdered with poison gas Often these patients were transferred from other killing facilities such as the Am Spiegelgrund clinic in Vienna This was initially a programme of involuntary euthanasia permitted under the law ostensibly to enable the lawful and painless killing of incurably ill patients these murders continued even after the law was rescinded in 1942 Other victims included Jews Communists and those considered undesirable by the state Concentration camp inmates who were unfit for work or otherwise deemed troublesome were also executed here The facility was housed in Hartheim Castle in the municipality of Alkoven near Linz Austria which now is a memorial site and documentation centre Hartheim Castle in 2005 Collection bus and driver Viktor Brack testifies in his defence at the Doctors Trial in Nuremberg in 1947 Contents 1 Hartheim statistics 1 1 Victims of the first extermination phase in Hartheim 1 2 14f13 Special Treatment 2 Execution doctors 3 Niedernhart station 4 Move of T4 to Hartheim and Weissenbach am Attersee 5 Victims 5 1 Well known victims 5 2 Clergy 6 Hartheim T4 staff 7 See also 8 References 9 Sources 10 Audio and video 10 1 Footnote to Audio and video 11 External linksHartheim statistics EditIn June 1945 during investigations by US Forces into the former gassing facility at Hartheim the American investigating officer Charles Dameron broke open a steel safe in which the Hartheim statistics were found This was a 39 page brochure produced for the internal purposes of the Nazi euthanasia programme Aktion T4 and contained monthly statistics of the gassing of mentally and physically handicapped patients called disinfection in the document carried out in the six killing centres on the territory of the Reich 1 In 1968 and 1970 an ex employee of the establishment revealed as a witness that he had to compile the material at the end of 1942 2 3 478 note 23 The Hartheim statistics included a page on which it was calculated that disinfecting 70 273 people with a life expectation of 10 years had saved food in the value of 141 775 573 80 Reichsmarks 3 24 Victims of the first extermination phase in Hartheim Edit According to the Hartheim statistics a total of 18 269 people were murdered in the gas chamber at Hartheim in the period of 16 months between May 1940 and 1 September 1941 4 1940 1941 Total murderedMay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug633 982 1 449 1 740 1 123 1 400 1 396 947 943 1 178 974 1 123 1 106 1 364 735 1 176 18 269These statistics only cover the first extermination phase of the Nazi s euthanasia programme Action T4 which was brought to an end by Hitler s order dated 24 August 1941 after protests by the Roman Catholic Church In all it is estimated that a total of 30 000 people were murdered at Hartheim Among those killed were sick and disabled persons as well as prisoners from concentration camps The killings were carried out by carbon monoxide poisoning 14f13 Special Treatment Edit Just three days after the formal end of Action T4 a lorry arrived at Hartheim with 70 Jewish inmates from Mauthausen concentration camp who were subsequently executed there 5 266 The Hartheim killing centre achieved a special notoriety not just because it was where the largest number of patients were gassed but because as part of Action 14f13 Hartheim was also the institution in which the most concentration camp prisoners were executed Their numbers are estimated at 12 000 5 290 Prisoners at Mauthausen who were no longer capable of working especially in the quarries and politically undesirable prisoners were brought to Hartheim to be executed In the papers these transfers were disguised with terms like recreation leave The entries under sickness included German haters communist or Polish fanatic From 1944 on the prisoners were no longer selected by T4 doctors the objective was simply to gain space in the Mauthausen camp quickly 5 292 Other transports came from the concentration camp of Gusen and probably also from Ravensbruck during 1944 made up of women inmates who were predominantly tuberculosis sufferers and those deemed mentally infirm 6 Execution doctors EditThe Action T4 organisers Viktor Brack and Karl Brandt ordered that the execution of the sick had to be carried out by medical doctors because Hitler s memorandum of authorisation of 1 September 1939 only referred to doctors The operation of the gas tap was thus the responsibility of doctors in the death centres However during the course of the programme the gas valves were occasionally operated by others in the absence of the doctors or for other reasons Also many doctors used pseudonyms rather than their real names in the documents The following death doctors worked in Hartheim Head Rudolf Lonauer 1 April 1940 to April 1945 Deputy head Georg Renno May 1940 to February 1945Niedernhart station EditThe Action T4 killing centres had intermediate stations for victims Many lorries carrying victims to their destination at Hartheim went via the Niedernhart Mental Institute in Linz where Rudolf Lonauer was the senior doctor as he was in Hartheim There hundreds of victims were killed mainly by lethal injection For the Action T4 patients were screened and categorised then a bus was filled with the victims and driven to Hartheim Move of T4 to Hartheim and Weissenbach am Attersee EditIn August 1943 due to allied bombing of Berlin the head office for the National Socialist Euthanasia Programme was moved from Tiergartenstrasse 4 Berlin to the Ostmark region which was then humorously described as the air raid shelter of the Reich The statistic and documents by Paul Nitsche correspondence notices and reports were taken to Hartheim office department accounts office and the Schoberstein Recreation Centre near Weissenbach am Attersee medical department 2 7 3 168 f Victims EditWell known victims Edit Jan Maria Michal Kowalski Maria Karoline von Sachsen Coburg und Gotha Austrian princess 1899 1941 8 Bernhard Heinzmann de 1903 1942 German Roman Catholic priest Friedrich Karas de 1895 1942 Austrian Roman Catholic priest Jan Kowalski 1871 1942 Polish bishop of the Catholic Mariavite Church Ida Maly de 1894 1941 Austrian artist Gottfried Neunhauserer 1882 1941 Austrian Benedictine father Friederike Friedl Roth nee Reichler 1900 1940 widow of writer Joseph Roth Werner Sylten de 1893 1942 Protestant theologian Aloisia Veit 1891 1940 second cousin of Adolf HitlerClergy Edit A total of 310 Polish seven German six Czech four Luxemburg three Dutch and two Belgian priests were murdered Many of them were transported from the Priest s Block in Dachau concentration camp 9 The chaplain Hermann Scheipers was also moved to the Invalid s Block in order to be taken to Hartheim Scheiper s sister who stayed in contact by letter tracked down a certain Dr Bernsdorf employee of the RSHA Berlin Oranienburg who was responsible for the clergy imprisoned in the Priest s Block She confronted him and stated that in Munsterland it was an open secret that imprisoned priests were sent to the gas chamber Bernsdorf apparently became very nervous during the discussion and telephoned the Commandant s Office at Dachau Scheipers reported that it was on that same day the 13 August 1942 that there was a response he and three other German clergymen were moved from the Invalid s Block where the SS assembled prisoners for onward transportation back to the Priest s Block 10 Hartheim T4 staff EditErwin Lambert master bricklayer oversaw construction of the crematorium and gas chambers Rudolf Lonauer de head Nazi euthanasia doctor in Hartheim Niedernhart Mental Asylum in Linz and Geschwend Castle in Neuhofen an der Krems Vinzenz Nohel worker burner Franz Reichleitner criminal policeman management was later commandant of Sobibor extermination camp Georg Renno de psychiatrist deputy head Nazi euthanasia doctor 11 Anton Schrottmayer care worker suicide 12 Franz Stangl criminal policeman Gestapo official deputy office manager was later camp commandant of Sobibor and Treblinka Karl Steubel senior care worker suicide 12 Josef Vallaster de worker burner later overseer at Sobibor extermination camp Gustav Wagner was later deputy commandant at Sobibor extermination camp Christian Wirth criminal commissar office manager was later commandant in Belzec extermination camp Paul Bredow later worked at Treblinka Bruno Kochan male nurseKochan and at least 14 others employees involved in an amateur scheme to using fraudulent letters to enrich themselves In August 1942 Kochan was arrested by the Gestapo for embezzlement He had used forged papers to impersonate a police officer and to enrich himself He and his accomplices had used various forged documents to obtain special privileges including free travel on the railroad and free deck chairs at the beach Kochan also used the papers to convince Jews that he could get them exit visas for money All of these things posed the threat of exposing the operation 13 Kochan was not allowed to defend himself during his trial and the judges could not ask questions He was sentenced to death on 10 February 1943 Kochan 35 was guillotined at Plotzensee Prison on 16 March 1943 13 Those chiefly responsible for recruiting the lower ranking staff according to witness statements were the two Gau inspectors Stefan Schachermayr 1912 2008 and Franz Peterseil 1907 1991 as well as Adolf Gustav Kaufmann 1902 1974 head of the inspection department of the T4 central office in Berlin 14 15 See also EditHartheim Castle education and memorial site Am Spiegelgrund clinicReferences Edit Page from the Hartheim Statistics Archived from the original on 6 October 2013 Retrieved 22 November 2010 a b Friedlander Henry 1997 Der Weg zum NS Genozid Von der Euthanasie zur Endlosung Translated by Friedmann Johanna Berlin Berlin Verlag p 518 f in note 99 ISBN 3 8270 0265 6 Table of contents a b c Klee Ernst 2009 Euthanasie im NS Staat die Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens in German Vol 4326 12th unabridged ed Frankfurt am Main Fischer Taschenbucher ISBN 978 3 596 24326 6 Klee Ernst ed 1997 1985 Dokumente zur Euthanasie in German Vol 4327 Frankfurt am Main Fischer Taschenbucher p 232 f ISBN 3 596 24327 0 a b c Klee Ernst 2010 Euthanasie im Dritten Reich Die Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in German Vol 18674 Frankfurt am Main Fischer Taschenbucher ISBN 978 3 596 18674 7 Online Summary formerly under the title Euthanasie im NS Staat Helm Sarah If This Is A Woman Inside Ravensbruck Hitler s Concentration Camp for Women pp 453 455 sfn error no target CITEREFHelm Sarah If This Is A Woman Inside Ravensbruck Hitler s Concentration Camp for Women pp 453 455 help Organisationschema der NS Euthanasie Auslagerung der Aktion T4 nach Hartheim im August 1943 PDF braintrust at Aanmoen Oskar 11 July 2019 The Princess who was gassed by the Nazis Royal Central Zamecnik Stanislav Comite International de Dachau eds 2007 Das war Dachau Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus Vol 17228 Frankfurt am Main Fischer Taschenbucher p 219 222 ISBN 978 3 596 17228 3 Scheipers Hermann 1997 Gratwanderungen Priester unter zwei Diktaturen 3 ed Leipzig Benno Verlag ISBN 3 7462 1221 9 Schwarz Peter 1999 Der Gerichtsakt Georg Renno als Quelle fur das Projekt Hartheim Jahrbuch Vienna Dokumentationsarchiv des Osterreichischen Widerstandes p 80 92 Retrieved 25 January 2022 a b Klee Ernst 2001 Chapter 10 Osterreich Deutsche Medizin im Dritten Reich Karrieren vor und nach 1945 in German Frankfurt am Main S Fischer ISBN 3 10 039310 4 a b The Origins Of Nazi Genocide From Euthanasia To The Final Solution PDF 1l5fnq8rbpeo vdoc pub Retrieved 8 September 2022 Toth Barbara 2010 Der Handschlag die Affare Frischenschlager Reder Dr phil dissertation in German University of Vienna p 43 doi 10 25365 thesis 10810 Goldberger Josef 2000 Euthanasieanstalt Hartheim und Reichsgau Oberdonau Involvierung von Verwaltungs und Parteidienststellen des Reichsgaues Oberdonau in das Euthanasieprogramm PDF Mitteilungen des Oberosterreichischen Landesarchivs Linz Oberosterreichisches Landesarchiv 19 359 373 Archived PDF from the original on 15 July 2020 Sources EditGabriel Heinz Eberhard Neugebauer Wolfgang eds 2002 Vorreiter der Vernichtung Von der Zwangssterilisierung zur Ermordung Zur Geschichte der NS Euthanasie in Wien Vol 2 Vienna Bohlau ISBN 3 205 99325 X Table of contents Horsinga Renno Mireille 2008 Der Arzt von Hartheim Wie ich die Wahrheit uber die Nazi Vergangenheit meines Onkels herausfand Translated by Bauer Martin Reinbek bei Hamburg Rowohlt ISBN 978 3 499 62307 3 Summary online Kepplinger Brigitte Die Totungsanstalt Hartheim 1940 1945 PDF in German Archived from the original PDF on 21 July 2004 Kepplinger Brigitte Marckhgott Gerhart Reese Hartmut eds 2008 Totungsanstalt Hartheim Oberosterreich in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus Vol 3 2 ed Linz Oberosterreichisches Landesarchiv ISBN 978 3 900313 89 0 Summary Walter Kohl Die Pyramiden von Hartheim Euthanasie in Oberosterreich 1940 bis 1945 Edition Geschichte der Heimat Steinmassl Grunbach 1997 ISBN 3 900943 51 6 Table of contents Walter Kohl Ich fuhle mich nicht schuldig Georg Renno Euthanasiearzt Paul Zsolnay Verlag Vienna 2000 ISBN 3 552 04973 8 Kurt Leininger Verordnetes Sterben verdrangte Erinnerungen NS Euthanasie in Schloss Hartheim Verlagshaus der Arzte Vienna 2006 ISBN 978 3 901488 82 5 Tom Matzek Das Mordschloss Auf den Spuren von NS Verbrechen in Schloss Hartheim 1 Auflage Kremayr amp Scheriau Vienna 2002 ISBN 3 218 00710 0 Description of contents Johannes Neuhauser ed Hartheim wohin unbekannt Briefe amp Dokumente Publication P No 1 Bibliothek der Provinz Bibliothek der Provinz Weitra 1992 ISBN 3 900878 47 1 Franz Rieger Schattenschweigen oder Hartheim Roman Zeitkritischer Roman Styria Graz u a 1985 ISBN 3 222 11641 5 Ausgabe 2002 ISBN 3 85252 496 2 Jean Marie Winkler Gazage de concentrationnaires au chateau de Hartheim L action 14f13 en Autriche annexee Nouvelles recherches sur la comptabilite de la mort editions Tiresias Michel Reynaud Paris 2010 ISBN 9782915293616 Other literature see main article Nazi Euthanasia Programme or Action T4Audio and video EditTom Matzek Das Mordschloss Eine Dokumentation uber die Grauel in Schloss Hartheim TV programme by ORF 2001 Brennpunkt 1 videocassette VHS ca 45 minutes S n s l 2001 B 1 Footnote to Audio and video Edit Permalink Osterreichischer Bibliothekenverbund Archived 2011 08 11 at the Wayback Machine Description of contents Archived 2011 08 20 at the Wayback Machine External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aktion T4 in Hartheim Online presence of the Schloss Hartheim memorial site Muhldorf History Society Information on the residents of the Ecksberg Handicapped Centre who were executed at Hartheim Coordinates 48 16 52 17 N 14 06 49 50 E 48 2811583 N 14 1137500 E 48 2811583 14 1137500 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hartheim killing centre amp oldid 1127236937, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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