Growth arrest lines, also known as Harris lines, are lines of increased bone density that represent the position of the growth plate at the time of insult to the organism and formed on long bones due to growth arrest. They are only visible by radiograph or in cross-section. The age at which the lines were formed can be estimated from a radiograph. Harris lines are often discussed as a result of juvenile malnutrition, disease or trauma. Other studies suggest a reconsideration of Harris lines as more of a result of normal growth and growth spurts, rather than a pure outcome of nutritional or pathologic stress.[1] The lines are named after Henry Albert Harris (1886–1968), professor of anatomy at the University of Cambridge.[2]
Growth arrest lines
Other names
Harris lines
Growth arrest lines in a child with an underlying bone disease
Particularly, deficiencies in protein and vitamins, which lead to delayed longitudinal bone growth, can result in the formation of Harris lines.[3] During the process of endochondral bone growth, the cessation of osteoblastic activity results in the deposition of a thin layer of bone beneath the cartilage cap, potentially forming Harris lines.[4][5] Subsequent recovery, necessary for the restoration of osteoblastic activity, is also implicated in Harris line formation.[6] When matured cartilage cells reactivate, bone growth resumes, causing a thickening of the bony stratum. Therefore, complete recovery from periods of chronic illness or malnutrition also manifests as transverse lines on radiographs. Lines tend to be thicker with prolonged and severe malnutrition. Harris line formation typically peaks in long bones around 2-3 years after birth and becomes rare until adulthood after the age of 5. Additionally, Harris lines occur more frequently in boys than in girls.[7]
Referencesedit
^Papageorgopoulou C, Suter SK, Rühli FJ, Siegmund F (2011). "Harris lines revisited: prevalence, comorbidities, and possible etiologies". Am J Hum Biol. 23 (3): 381–91. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21155. PMID 21387459. S2CID 41932874.
^"Bone Growth in Health and Disease: The Biological Principles Underlying the Clinical, Radiological, and Histological Diagnosis of Perversions of Growth and Disease in the Skeleton". JAMA. 101 (27): 2143. 1933. doi:10.1001/jama.1933.02740520053040.
^Robb, J.; Bigazzi, R.; Lazzarini, L.; Scarsini, C.; Sonego, F. (2001). "Social "status" and biological "status": a comparison of grave goods and skeletal indicators from Pontecagnano". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 115 (3): 213–222. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1076. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 11424073.
^Wolbach, S. B. (1947). "Vitamin-A deficiency and excess in relation to skeletal growth". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 29 (1): 171–192. ISSN 0021-9355. PMID 20284696.
^Platt, B. S.; Stewart, R. J. (1962). "Transverse trabeculae and osteoporosis in bones in experimental protein-calorie deficiency". The British Journal of Nutrition. 16: 483–495. doi:10.1079/bjn19620047. ISSN 0007-1145. PMID 13943979.
^Seres, David S. (2005). "Surrogate nutrition markers, malnutrition, and adequacy of nutrition support". Nutrition in Clinical Practice: Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 20 (3): 308–313. doi:10.1177/0115426505020003308. ISSN 0884-5336. PMID 16207668.
^Hughes, C.; Heylings, D. J.; Power, C. (1996). "Transverse (Harris) lines in Irish archaeological remains". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 101 (1): 115–131. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199609)101:1<115::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-U. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 8876817.
Further readingedit
White TD (2001). Human Osteology (2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.
Papageorgopoulou C, Suter SK, Rühli FJ, Siegmund F (2011). "Harris lines revisited: prevalence, comorbidities, and possible etiologies". American Journal of Human Biology. 23 (3): 381–91. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21155. PMID 21387459. S2CID 41932874.
Suter S, Harders M, Papageorgopoulou C, Kuhn G, Székely G, Rühli FJ (November 2008). "Technical note: standardized and semiautomated Harris lines detection". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 137 (3): 362–6. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20901. PMID 18711729.
Alfonso-Durruty MP (June 2011). "Experimental assessment of nutrition and bone growth's velocity effects on Harris lines formation". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 145 (2): 169–80. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21480. PMID 21469071.
January 01, 1970
growth, arrest, lines, also, known, harris, lines, lines, increased, bone, density, that, represent, position, growth, plate, time, insult, organism, formed, long, bones, growth, arrest, they, only, visible, radiograph, cross, section, which, lines, were, form. Growth arrest lines also known as Harris lines are lines of increased bone density that represent the position of the growth plate at the time of insult to the organism and formed on long bones due to growth arrest They are only visible by radiograph or in cross section The age at which the lines were formed can be estimated from a radiograph Harris lines are often discussed as a result of juvenile malnutrition disease or trauma Other studies suggest a reconsideration of Harris lines as more of a result of normal growth and growth spurts rather than a pure outcome of nutritional or pathologic stress 1 The lines are named after Henry Albert Harris 1886 1968 professor of anatomy at the University of Cambridge 2 Growth arrest linesOther namesHarris linesGrowth arrest lines in a child with an underlying bone diseaseSpecialtyOrthopedics radiology Particularly deficiencies in protein and vitamins which lead to delayed longitudinal bone growth can result in the formation of Harris lines 3 During the process of endochondral bone growth the cessation of osteoblastic activity results in the deposition of a thin layer of bone beneath the cartilage cap potentially forming Harris lines 4 5 Subsequent recovery necessary for the restoration of osteoblastic activity is also implicated in Harris line formation 6 When matured cartilage cells reactivate bone growth resumes causing a thickening of the bony stratum Therefore complete recovery from periods of chronic illness or malnutrition also manifests as transverse lines on radiographs Lines tend to be thicker with prolonged and severe malnutrition Harris line formation typically peaks in long bones around 2 3 years after birth and becomes rare until adulthood after the age of 5 Additionally Harris lines occur more frequently in boys than in girls 7 References edit Papageorgopoulou C Suter SK Ruhli FJ Siegmund F 2011 Harris lines revisited prevalence comorbidities and possible etiologies Am J Hum Biol 23 3 381 91 doi 10 1002 ajhb 21155 PMID 21387459 S2CID 41932874 Bone Growth in Health and Disease The Biological Principles Underlying the Clinical Radiological and Histological Diagnosis of Perversions of Growth and Disease in the Skeleton JAMA 101 27 2143 1933 doi 10 1001 jama 1933 02740520053040 Robb J Bigazzi R Lazzarini L Scarsini C Sonego F 2001 Social status and biological status a comparison of grave goods and skeletal indicators from Pontecagnano American Journal of Physical Anthropology 115 3 213 222 doi 10 1002 ajpa 1076 ISSN 0002 9483 PMID 11424073 Wolbach S B 1947 Vitamin A deficiency and excess in relation to skeletal growth The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume 29 1 171 192 ISSN 0021 9355 PMID 20284696 Platt B S Stewart R J 1962 Transverse trabeculae and osteoporosis in bones in experimental protein calorie deficiency The British Journal of Nutrition 16 483 495 doi 10 1079 bjn19620047 ISSN 0007 1145 PMID 13943979 Seres David S 2005 Surrogate nutrition markers malnutrition and adequacy of nutrition support Nutrition in Clinical Practice Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 20 3 308 313 doi 10 1177 0115426505020003308 ISSN 0884 5336 PMID 16207668 Hughes C Heylings D J Power C 1996 Transverse Harris lines in Irish archaeological remains American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101 1 115 131 doi 10 1002 SICI 1096 8644 199609 101 1 lt 115 AID AJPA8 gt 3 0 CO 2 U ISSN 0002 9483 PMID 8876817 Further reading editWhite TD 2001 Human Osteology 2nd ed San Diego Academic Press Papageorgopoulou C Suter SK Ruhli FJ Siegmund F 2011 Harris lines revisited prevalence comorbidities and possible etiologies American Journal of Human Biology 23 3 381 91 doi 10 1002 ajhb 21155 PMID 21387459 S2CID 41932874 Suter S Harders M Papageorgopoulou C Kuhn G Szekely G Ruhli FJ November 2008 Technical note standardized and semiautomated Harris lines detection American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137 3 362 6 doi 10 1002 ajpa 20901 PMID 18711729 Alfonso Durruty MP June 2011 Experimental assessment of nutrition and bone growth s velocity effects on Harris lines formation American Journal of Physical Anthropology 145 2 169 80 doi 10 1002 ajpa 21480 PMID 21469071 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Growth arrest lines amp oldid 1217856227, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
