Hammershus is a medieval era fortification at Hammeren on the northern tip of the Danish island of Bornholm. The fortress was partially demolished around 1750 and is now a ruin. It was partially restored around 1900.[1][2]
Hammershus was Scandinavia's largest medievalfortification and is one of the largest medieval fortifications in Northern Europe.[3] It is situated in the Baltic Sea 74 metres (243 ft) above sea level. The fortification was erected in the 13th century and consists of the base castle residence and features a grand tower called the "mantel" tower. Hammershus Fortress features a 750-metre-long (2,460 ft) perimeter wall around the castle grounds.[1]
During a number of successive struggles between the kings of Denmark versus the Archbishopric, the fortress served as a refuge for the Archbishops including Bishop Jens Grand. It was conquered by the king's army on a number of occasions, e.g. 1259, 1265, 1319, and 1325. In 1521, it was taken by king Christian II, who used it to imprison BishopJens Andersen Beldenak of Funen. The fortress was conquered by forces of Lübeck the same year. [4][5]
In 1658, Hammershus was occupied by Swedish forces, but a rebellion on the island terminated the Swedish rule. The rebels, led by Jens Pedersen Kofoed, shot the Swedish commandant Johan Printzenskiöld, and the Danish peasants traveled to Copenhagen to return the island to the king of Denmark. Corfitz Ulfeldt and his wife Leonora Christina were imprisoned in Hammershus 1660–1661. In 1743 Hammershus was abandoned as a stronghold. The remains were preserved in 1822. Since the major excavation and restoration work in the late 1800s, there has been a continuous maintenance of the ruins. [6][7][8]
Description
Visitors to Hammershus have views of the coastline and the sea surrounding Bornholm. South of the castle is a deep valley, water filled hollows, and dense forest. There are a number points before arriving at castle where enemies could be stopped. The castle was built with box-like rooms surrounded by rings of fortifications. Each provided an additional layer of protection from invaders. Two natural spring ponds provided fresh drinking water on the side of the castle.
Art
Because of the unusual light on Bornholm, and because it has only four hours of darkness in summer, many of Denmark's earliest artists chose to paint views of Hammerhus. One of the most notable is by Anton Eduard Kieldrup from 1848, which is on display at the Bornholm Art Museum. [9]
hammershus, medieval, fortification, hammeren, northern, danish, island, bornholm, fortress, partially, demolished, around, 1750, ruin, partially, restored, around, 1900, contents, history, description, gallery, references, other, sources, external, linkshisto. Hammershus is a medieval era fortification at Hammeren on the northern tip of the Danish island of Bornholm The fortress was partially demolished around 1750 and is now a ruin It was partially restored around 1900 1 2 Hammershus Hammershus Contents 1 History 2 Description 3 Art 4 Gallery 5 References 6 Other sources 7 External linksHistory Edit Ruins of Hammershus Anton Eduard Kieldrup 1848 Hammershus was Scandinavia s largest medieval fortification and is one of the largest medieval fortifications in Northern Europe 3 It is situated in the Baltic Sea 74 metres 243 ft above sea level The fortification was erected in the 13th century and consists of the base castle residence and features a grand tower called the mantel tower Hammershus Fortress features a 750 metre long 2 460 ft perimeter wall around the castle grounds 1 During a number of successive struggles between the kings of Denmark versus the Archbishopric the fortress served as a refuge for the Archbishops including Bishop Jens Grand It was conquered by the king s army on a number of occasions e g 1259 1265 1319 and 1325 In 1521 it was taken by king Christian II who used it to imprison Bishop Jens Andersen Beldenak of Funen The fortress was conquered by forces of Lubeck the same year 4 5 In 1658 Hammershus was occupied by Swedish forces but a rebellion on the island terminated the Swedish rule The rebels led by Jens Pedersen Kofoed shot the Swedish commandant Johan Printzenskiold and the Danish peasants traveled to Copenhagen to return the island to the king of Denmark Corfitz Ulfeldt and his wife Leonora Christina were imprisoned in Hammershus 1660 1661 In 1743 Hammershus was abandoned as a stronghold The remains were preserved in 1822 Since the major excavation and restoration work in the late 1800s there has been a continuous maintenance of the ruins 6 7 8 Description EditVisitors to Hammershus have views of the coastline and the sea surrounding Bornholm South of the castle is a deep valley water filled hollows and dense forest There are a number points before arriving at castle where enemies could be stopped The castle was built with box like rooms surrounded by rings of fortifications Each provided an additional layer of protection from invaders Two natural spring ponds provided fresh drinking water on the side of the castle Art EditBecause of the unusual light on Bornholm and because it has only four hours of darkness in summer many of Denmark s earliest artists chose to paint views of Hammerhus One of the most notable is by Anton Eduard Kieldrup from 1848 which is on display at the Bornholm Art Museum 9 Gallery Edit Hammershus aerial view Hammershus from Vang The ruins of Hammershus Hammershus seen from the eastReferences Edit a b Hammershus bornholm info Retrieved July 1 2020 Hammershus Castle Ruins VisitDenmark Retrieved July 1 2020 Bornholm Museum Jens Grand Dansk Biografisk Leksikon Retrieved July 1 2020 Andersen Jens Biskop i Fyn Dansk biografisk Lexikon Retrieved July 1 2020 Corfitz Ulfeldt Dansk Biografisk Leksikon Retrieved July 1 2020 Leonora Christina Dansk Biografisk Leksikon Retrieved July 1 2020 Ruiner Hammershus Nationalmuseet Retrieved July 1 2020 Anton Eduard Kieldrup HaderslevWiki Retrieved July 1 2020 Other sources EditBornholm Tourist Guide personal visits of author to Hammershus and the Kunstmuseum This article is partially based on the corresponding articles on the Swedish and German Wikipedias accessed on July 20 2006 External links EditHammershus Visitor Center website Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hammershus Coordinates 55 16 15 N 14 45 18 E 55 27083 N 14 75500 E 55 27083 14 75500 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hammershus amp oldid 1086805739, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
