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HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia

January 07, 2023

The HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia (also called SACOI; Sardinia–Corsica–Italy) is an HVDC interconnection used for the exchange of electric energy between the Italian mainland, Corsica and Sardinia. It is unusual, having more than two converter stations as part of a single HVDC system, and (as of 2012) is one of only two multi-terminal HVDC systems in operation in the world (the other multi-terminal scheme being the Quebec – New England Transmission system linking northeastern United States with Quebec in Canada).

HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia
Pylon of the HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia
Location
CountryItaly
France
FromSuvereto 43°03′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (Suvereto HVDC converter station)
Passes throughLucciana, Corsica 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (Lucciana HVDC converter station)
ToCodrongianos, Sardinia 40°39′07″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (Codrongianus HVDC converter station (Sardinia))
Ownership information
OperatorTerna
Construction information
Manufacturer of substationsAnsaldo
English Electric
Alstom
Commissioned1967, 1988, 1992
Technical information
Typeoverhead lines
submarine cables
Type of currentHVDC
Total length385 km (239 mi)
Power rating300 MW
DC voltage200 kV
No. of poles1
Map showing route of cable and line

The scheme is a monopole using a mixture of overhead line and submarine cable for the 200 kV high voltage conductor, and sea return for the neutral current. The overhead lines and submarine cables are duplicated, with both circuits being installed on the same towers.[1]

The scheme was constructed in three phases.

SACOI 1 - Mercury arc system (1968)

Converter stations

When originally completed in 1968 by English Electric, the scheme comprised two converter stations, at San Dalmazio in Tuscany on the Italian mainland, which was situated close to a production area and offered a connection to two 220 kV lines, and Codrongianos on Sardinia. Each converter station was rated at 200 kV, 200 MW and consisted of two 6-pulse converter bridges in series. Normal operation was with both bridges in service but the scheme could be operated at 50% of rated voltage and power by bypassing one converter group at each end, to allow maintenance to be carried out.

Each 6-pulse converter bridge consisted of 6 main mercury-arc valves plus a 7th for high-speed bypass operations. Each valve was rated at 1000 A dc and had four anode columns in parallel, with air cooling used for both the anodes and cathodes of the valve.

The original scheme was commissioned during 1967 and put into commercial operation in January 1968.[2]

The mercury arc valves were as well in San Dalmazio as in Codrongianos situated in a hall with a length of 60 metres, a width of 20 metres and a height of 15 metres. The valves are still in these halls, however the mercury was removed, after the decommissioning of the mercury arc system in 1992.

Transmission lines and cables

The scheme consists of three overhead line sections: one on the Italian mainland with a length of 22 kilometres (14 mi), one on Corsica with a length of 156 kilometres (97 mi) and one on Sardinia with a length of 86 kilometres (53 mi). The overhead line sections use twin conductors (each rated at 1000 A dc) connected in parallel. Each aluminium conductor has a cross section of 628 mm2 in Sardinia and Italy, and 755 mm2 on Corsica.[1]

In addition to this, there are two submarine cable sections: 105 kilometres (65 mi) between Italy and Corsica and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) between Corsica and Sardinia. The conductor cross-sections are 1080 mm2 on land and 420 mm2 for the submarine lengths.

Sea electrodes

The scheme was designed to export power from coal-fired power stations on Sardinia to the Italian mainland, and thus was only required to operate in one direction. Although the converter stations are inherently capable of operating in either direction of power transmission, advantage was taken of the unidirectional power-flow requirement to economise on the design of the sea electrodes. The sea return current enters the sea at the Sardinian end (anode) and leaves the sea at the mainland end (cathode). The mainland electrode consists of bare copper (a section of insulated copper cable with the insulation stripped off), which would corrode rapidly if used as an anode but suffers no degradation when used as a cathode. However, the anode electrode on Sardinia required a more sophisticated design using platinum-coated titanium pipe, subdivided into 30 sub-electrodes, in order to prevent corrosion.[3]

Corsica tap (1988)

In 1988 a third converter station, rated at 50 MW, along with a reversible ground electrode, was installed at Lucciana on Corsica, making the scheme into a multi-terminal scheme for the first time.[4][5] In order to allow power to be either imported into or exported from Corsica (even though the direction of power flow is always from Sardinia to Italy), the Lucciana converter station was equipped with high-speed changeover switchgear.

Unlike the two original converters, the Lucciana converter station was built with air-insulated, air-cooled thyristor valves, supplied by CGE Alstom

SACOI 2 - 1992 upgrade

In 1992 the mercury arc converters at Codrongianos and San Dalmazio were decommissioned and two new converters stations were built, using air-cooled, air-insulated thyristor valves similar to those supplied for the connection at Lucciana. At the Sardinian end, the new converter station was built next to the existing station but at the mainland end a new converter station was built at Suvereto, as this site offered in opposite to San Dalmazio an interconnection to the 380 kV grid. At the same time, the rating of the scheme was increased to 300 MW, keeping the same voltage of 200 kV.[6] As well as in Suvereto as in Codrongianos, the converters are situated in halls with a length of 38 metres, a width of 15 metres and a height of 11 metres.

SACOI 3

It is planned to replace the existing scheme with a bipolar system with a transmission rate of 400 MW called SACOI 3. It will also operate with a voltage of 200 kV. While the overhead lines can be used without modification, the underground and underwater cables have to be replaced for the higher transmission rate. Two new converters will also be built at the existing sites in Suvereto and Codrongianos.

Sites

Site Coordinates
San Dalmazio HVDC converter station (abandoned) 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E / 43.26194; 10.91806 (San Dalmazio HVDC converter station)
Suvereto HVDC converter station (Tuscany, Italian Mainland) 43°03′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (Suvereto HVDC converter station (Tuscany, Italian Mainland))
Salivoli Cable Terminal (Tuscany, Italian Mainland) 42°56′23″N 10°30′29″E / 42.93972°N 10.50806°E / 42.93972; 10.50806 (Salivoli Cable Terminal (Tuscany, Italian Mainland))
La Sdriscia Electrode Line Branch (Tuscany, Italian Mainland) 42°59′26″N 10°35′08″E / 42.99056°N 10.58556°E / 42.99056; 10.58556 (La Sdriscia Electrode Line Branch (Tuscany, Italian Mainland))
La Torracia Electrode Line Terminal (Tuscany, Italian Mainland) 43°01′08″N 10°31′25″E / 43.01889°N 10.52361°E / 43.01889; 10.52361 (La Torracia Electrode Line Terminal (Tuscany, Italian Mainland))
Salivoli Cable Landing Point (Tuscany, Italian Mainland) 42°56′7″N 10°29′59″E / 42.93528°N 10.49972°E / 42.93528; 10.49972 (Salivoli Cable Landing Point (Tuscany, Italian Mainland))
Bastia Cable Terminal (Corsica) 42°39′57″N 9°25′59″E / 42.66583°N 9.43306°E / 42.66583; 9.43306 (Bastia Cable Terminal (Corsica))
Lucciana HVDC converter station (Corsica) 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (Lucciana HVDC converter station (Corsica))
Lucciana Electrode Line Branch (Lucciana, Corsica, France) 42°31′35″N 9°27′3″E / 42.52639°N 9.45083°E / 42.52639; 9.45083 (Lucciana Electrode Line Branch (Lucciana, Corsica, France))
Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination West (Lucciana, Corsica, France) 42°31′36″N 9°27′20″E / 42.52667°N 9.45556°E / 42.52667; 9.45556 (Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination West (Lucciana, Corsica, France))
Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination East (Lucciana, Corsica, France) 42°31′37″N 9°27′22″E / 42.52694°N 9.45611°E / 42.52694; 9.45611 (Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination East (Lucciana, Corsica, France))
Casanova Electrode Line Terminal (Casanova, Corsica, France) 42°32′12″N 9°28′51″E / 42.53667°N 9.48083°E / 42.53667; 9.48083 (Casanova Electrode Line Terminal (Casanova, Corsica, France))
Pruniccia Electrode Line Terminal (Pruniccia, Corsica, France) 42°32′34″N 9°29′48″E / 42.54278°N 9.49667°E / 42.54278; 9.49667 (Pruniccia Electrode Line Terminal (Pruniccia, Corsica, France))
La Marana Electrode (Casanova, Corsica, France) 42°33′33″N 9°30′56″E / 42.55917°N 9.51556°E / 42.55917; 9.51556 (La Marana Electrode (La Marana, Corsica, France))
Bonifacio Cable Terminal (Corse) 41°22′16″N 9°12′10″E / 41.37111°N 9.20278°E / 41.37111; 9.20278 (Bonifacio Cable Terminal (Corsica))
Santa Teresa Cable Terminal (Sardinia) 41°14′49″N 9°10′55″E / 41.24694°N 9.18194°E / 41.24694; 9.18194 (Santa Teresa Cable Terminal (Sardinia))
Punta Tramontana Electrode (Sardinia) 40°52′57″N 8°37′55″E / 40.88250°N 8.63194°E / 40.88250; 8.63194 (Punta Tramontana Electrode (Sardinia))
Punta Tramontana Electrode Line Terminal (Sardinia) 40°52′45″N 8°38′00″E / 40.87917°N 8.63333°E / 40.87917; 8.63333 (Punta Tramontana Electrode Line Terminal (Sardinia))
Codrongianus HVDC converter station (Sardinia) 40°39′07″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (Codrongianus HVDC converter station (Sardinia))

Waypoints

List of waypoints
Italy Mainland
Electrode Line on Italian Mainland
Corsica
Electrode Line in Corsica
Sardinia
Electrode Line in Sardinia

See also

  • SAPEI, the new HVDC interconnection between Sardinia and the Italian mainland.

References

  1. ^ a b Natale, M., Lane, F.J., Calverley, T.E., The Sardinian–Italian Mainland HVDC interconnection, IEE Conf. Pub No. 22, p42 - Sept 1966.
  2. ^ Ciallella, V., Grattarola, P., Taschini, A., Martin, C.J.B., Willis, D.B., Testing and operating experience of the Sardinia–Italian Mainland D.C. link, CIGRÉ session, Paris, 1968, paper reference 43-09.
  3. ^ Compendium of HVDC Schemes, CIGRÉ Technical Brochure No. 003, 1987, pp44–50.
  4. ^ Mazzoldi, F., Taisne, J.P., Martin, C.J.B., Rowe, B.A., Adaptation of the control equipment to permit 3-terminal operation of the HVDC link between Sardinia, Corsica and mainland Italy, IEEE Summer power meeting, 1988
  5. ^ Collet-Billon, V. Taisne, J.P., Charles, P., The SACOI (Sardinai-Corsica-Italy) multiterminal link: commissioning tests of the Corsican station Lucciana, CIGRÉ session, Paris, 1988, paper reference 14-12.
  6. ^ Arcidiacono, V., Corsi, S., Pincella, C., Gasparini, E., Piffer, A., Toffolo, G., Ricci, P., Vascellari, S., Zafferani, G., System commissioning tests for the SACOI-2 HVDc three-terminal link, CIGRÉ session, Paris, 1994, paper reference 14-107.

External links

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 
Download coordinates as: KML
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia.

January 07, 2023
hvdc, italy, corsica, sardinia, also, called, sacoi, sardinia, corsica, italy, hvdc, interconnection, used, exchange, electric, energy, between, italian, mainland, corsica, sardinia, unusual, having, more, than, converter, stations, part, single, hvdc, system,. The HVDC Italy Corsica Sardinia also called SACOI Sardinia Corsica Italy is an HVDC interconnection used for the exchange of electric energy between the Italian mainland Corsica and Sardinia It is unusual having more than two converter stations as part of a single HVDC system and as of 2012 is one of only two multi terminal HVDC systems in operation in the world the other multi terminal scheme being the Quebec New England Transmission system linking northeastern United States with Quebec in Canada HVDC Italy Corsica SardiniaPylon of the HVDC Italy Corsica SardiniaLocationCountryItalyFranceFromSuvereto 43 03 10 N 10 41 42 E 43 05278 N 10 69500 E 43 05278 10 69500 Suvereto HVDC converter station Passes throughLucciana Corsica 42 31 40 N 9 26 59 E 42 52778 N 9 44972 E 42 52778 9 44972 Lucciana HVDC converter station ToCodrongianos Sardinia 40 39 07 N 8 42 48 E 40 65194 N 8 71333 E 40 65194 8 71333 Codrongianus HVDC converter station Sardinia Ownership informationOperatorTernaConstruction informationManufacturer of substationsAnsaldoEnglish ElectricAlstomCommissioned1967 1988 1992Technical informationTypeoverhead linessubmarine cablesType of currentHVDCTotal length385 km 239 mi Power rating300 MWDC voltage200 kVNo of poles1Map showing route of cable and line The scheme is a monopole using a mixture of overhead line and submarine cable for the 200 kV high voltage conductor and sea return for the neutral current The overhead lines and submarine cables are duplicated with both circuits being installed on the same towers 1 The scheme was constructed in three phases Contents 1 SACOI 1 Mercury arc system 1968 1 1 Converter stations 1 2 Transmission lines and cables 1 3 Sea electrodes 2 Corsica tap 1988 3 SACOI 2 1992 upgrade 4 SACOI 3 5 Sites 6 Waypoints 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksSACOI 1 Mercury arc system 1968 EditConverter stations Edit When originally completed in 1968 by English Electric the scheme comprised two converter stations at San Dalmazio in Tuscany on the Italian mainland which was situated close to a production area and offered a connection to two 220 kV lines and Codrongianos on Sardinia Each converter station was rated at 200 kV 200 MW and consisted of two 6 pulse converter bridges in series Normal operation was with both bridges in service but the scheme could be operated at 50 of rated voltage and power by bypassing one converter group at each end to allow maintenance to be carried out Each 6 pulse converter bridge consisted of 6 main mercury arc valves plus a 7th for high speed bypass operations Each valve was rated at 1000 A dc and had four anode columns in parallel with air cooling used for both the anodes and cathodes of the valve The original scheme was commissioned during 1967 and put into commercial operation in January 1968 2 The mercury arc valves were as well in San Dalmazio as in Codrongianos situated in a hall with a length of 60 metres a width of 20 metres and a height of 15 metres The valves are still in these halls however the mercury was removed after the decommissioning of the mercury arc system in 1992 Transmission lines and cables Edit The scheme consists of three overhead line sections one on the Italian mainland with a length of 22 kilometres 14 mi one on Corsica with a length of 156 kilometres 97 mi and one on Sardinia with a length of 86 kilometres 53 mi The overhead line sections use twin conductors each rated at 1000 A dc connected in parallel Each aluminium conductor has a cross section of 628 mm2 in Sardinia and Italy and 755 mm2 on Corsica 1 In addition to this there are two submarine cable sections 105 kilometres 65 mi between Italy and Corsica and 16 kilometres 9 9 mi between Corsica and Sardinia The conductor cross sections are 1080 mm2 on land and 420 mm2 for the submarine lengths Sea electrodes Edit The scheme was designed to export power from coal fired power stations on Sardinia to the Italian mainland and thus was only required to operate in one direction Although the converter stations are inherently capable of operating in either direction of power transmission advantage was taken of the unidirectional power flow requirement to economise on the design of the sea electrodes The sea return current enters the sea at the Sardinian end anode and leaves the sea at the mainland end cathode The mainland electrode consists of bare copper a section of insulated copper cable with the insulation stripped off which would corrode rapidly if used as an anode but suffers no degradation when used as a cathode However the anode electrode on Sardinia required a more sophisticated design using platinum coated titanium pipe subdivided into 30 sub electrodes in order to prevent corrosion 3 Corsica tap 1988 EditIn 1988 a third converter station rated at 50 MW along with a reversible ground electrode was installed at Lucciana on Corsica making the scheme into a multi terminal scheme for the first time 4 5 In order to allow power to be either imported into or exported from Corsica even though the direction of power flow is always from Sardinia to Italy the Lucciana converter station was equipped with high speed changeover switchgear Unlike the two original converters the Lucciana converter station was built with air insulated air cooled thyristor valves supplied by CGE AlstomSACOI 2 1992 upgrade EditIn 1992 the mercury arc converters at Codrongianos and San Dalmazio were decommissioned and two new converters stations were built using air cooled air insulated thyristor valves similar to those supplied for the connection at Lucciana At the Sardinian end the new converter station was built next to the existing station but at the mainland end a new converter station was built at Suvereto as this site offered in opposite to San Dalmazio an interconnection to the 380 kV grid At the same time the rating of the scheme was increased to 300 MW keeping the same voltage of 200 kV 6 As well as in Suvereto as in Codrongianos the converters are situated in halls with a length of 38 metres a width of 15 metres and a height of 11 metres SACOI 3 EditThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information February 2019 It is planned to replace the existing scheme with a bipolar system with a transmission rate of 400 MW called SACOI 3 It will also operate with a voltage of 200 kV While the overhead lines can be used without modification the underground and underwater cables have to be replaced for the higher transmission rate Two new converters will also be built at the existing sites in Suvereto and Codrongianos Sites EditSite CoordinatesSan Dalmazio HVDC converter station abandoned 43 15 43 N 10 55 05 E 43 26194 N 10 91806 E 43 26194 10 91806 San Dalmazio HVDC converter station Suvereto HVDC converter station Tuscany Italian Mainland 43 03 10 N 10 41 42 E 43 05278 N 10 69500 E 43 05278 10 69500 Suvereto HVDC converter station Tuscany Italian Mainland Salivoli Cable Terminal Tuscany Italian Mainland 42 56 23 N 10 30 29 E 42 93972 N 10 50806 E 42 93972 10 50806 Salivoli Cable Terminal Tuscany Italian Mainland La Sdriscia Electrode Line Branch Tuscany Italian Mainland 42 59 26 N 10 35 08 E 42 99056 N 10 58556 E 42 99056 10 58556 La Sdriscia Electrode Line Branch Tuscany Italian Mainland La Torracia Electrode Line Terminal Tuscany Italian Mainland 43 01 08 N 10 31 25 E 43 01889 N 10 52361 E 43 01889 10 52361 La Torracia Electrode Line Terminal Tuscany Italian Mainland Salivoli Cable Landing Point Tuscany Italian Mainland 42 56 7 N 10 29 59 E 42 93528 N 10 49972 E 42 93528 10 49972 Salivoli Cable Landing Point Tuscany Italian Mainland Bastia Cable Terminal Corsica 42 39 57 N 9 25 59 E 42 66583 N 9 43306 E 42 66583 9 43306 Bastia Cable Terminal Corsica Lucciana HVDC converter station Corsica 42 31 40 N 9 26 59 E 42 52778 N 9 44972 E 42 52778 9 44972 Lucciana HVDC converter station Corsica Lucciana Electrode Line Branch Lucciana Corsica France 42 31 35 N 9 27 3 E 42 52639 N 9 45083 E 42 52639 9 45083 Lucciana Electrode Line Branch Lucciana Corsica France Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination West Lucciana Corsica France 42 31 36 N 9 27 20 E 42 52667 N 9 45556 E 42 52667 9 45556 Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination West Lucciana Corsica France Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination East Lucciana Corsica France 42 31 37 N 9 27 22 E 42 52694 N 9 45611 E 42 52694 9 45611 Lucciana Electrode Line Cable Termination East Lucciana Corsica France Casanova Electrode Line Terminal Casanova Corsica France 42 32 12 N 9 28 51 E 42 53667 N 9 48083 E 42 53667 9 48083 Casanova Electrode Line Terminal Casanova Corsica France Pruniccia Electrode Line Terminal Pruniccia Corsica France 42 32 34 N 9 29 48 E 42 54278 N 9 49667 E 42 54278 9 49667 Pruniccia Electrode Line Terminal Pruniccia Corsica France La Marana Electrode Casanova Corsica France 42 33 33 N 9 30 56 E 42 55917 N 9 51556 E 42 55917 9 51556 La Marana Electrode La Marana Corsica France Bonifacio Cable Terminal Corse 41 22 16 N 9 12 10 E 41 37111 N 9 20278 E 41 37111 9 20278 Bonifacio Cable Terminal Corsica Santa Teresa Cable Terminal Sardinia 41 14 49 N 9 10 55 E 41 24694 N 9 18194 E 41 24694 9 18194 Santa Teresa Cable Terminal Sardinia Punta Tramontana Electrode Sardinia 40 52 57 N 8 37 55 E 40 88250 N 8 63194 E 40 88250 8 63194 Punta Tramontana Electrode Sardinia Punta Tramontana Electrode Line Terminal Sardinia 40 52 45 N 8 38 00 E 40 87917 N 8 63333 E 40 87917 8 63333 Punta Tramontana Electrode Line Terminal Sardinia Codrongianus HVDC converter station Sardinia 40 39 07 N 8 42 48 E 40 65194 N 8 71333 E 40 65194 8 71333 Codrongianus HVDC converter station Sardinia Waypoints EditList of waypointsItaly Mainland43 03 19 N 10 41 23 E 43 0553426 N 10 6896114 E 43 0553426 10 6896114 43 03 24 N 10 40 50 E 43 0567615 N 10 6804383 E 43 0567615 10 6804383 43 01 29 N 10 38 13 E 43 0247452 N 10 6368122 E 43 0247452 10 6368122 43 01 22 N 10 37 57 E 43 0227059 N 10 6324697 E 43 0227059 10 6324697 43 01 15 N 10 37 57 E 43 0208313 N 10 6325608 E 43 0208313 10 6325608 43 01 15 N 10 37 57 E 43 0208509 N 10 6325608 E 43 0208509 10 6325608 43 01 07 N 10 37 39 E 43 0185016 N 10 6275344 E 43 0185016 10 6275344 42 59 26 N 10 35 08 E 42 9906326 N 10 5856597 E 42 9906326 10 5856597 42 58 29 N 10 33 33 E 42 9746819 N 10 5591059 E 42 9746819 10 5591059 42 57 32 N 10 31 05 E 42 9589529 N 10 5180359 E 42 9589529 10 5180359 42 56 32 N 10 30 38 E 42 9422949 N 10 5105498 E 42 9422949 10 5105498 42 56 25 N 10 30 33 E 42 9401527 N 10 5090451 E 42 9401527 10 5090451 42 56 23 N 10 30 29 E 42 9395852 N 10 5081493 E 42 9395852 10 5081493 42 56 06 N 10 29 58 E 42 935116 N 10 4995233 E 42 935116 10 4995233Electrode Line on Italian Mainland42 59 26 N 10 35 08 E 42 9906326 N 10 5856597 E 42 9906326 10 5856597 42 59 35 N 10 34 50 E 42 9931478 N 10 5805743 E 42 9931478 10 5805743 43 00 17 N 10 33 18 E 43 0045844 N 10 5548894 E 43 0045844 10 5548894 43 00 20 N 10 33 10 E 43 0054945 N 10 552851 E 43 0054945 10 552851 43 01 03 N 10 32 06 E 43 0173877 N 10 5348855 E 43 0173877 10 5348855 43 01 09 N 10 31 26 E 43 0191467 N 10 5237946 E 43 0191467 10 5237946Corsica42 39 42 N 9 25 34 E 42 6615925 N 9 4259906 E 42 6615925 9 4259906 42 33 18 N 9 25 11 E 42 5551114 N 9 4196928 E 42 5551114 9 4196928 42 32 10 N 9 25 24 E 42 5362279 N 9 4234425 E 42 5362279 9 4234425 42 31 43 N 9 27 06 E 42 5285749 N 9 4516218 E 42 5285749 9 4516218 42 31 35 N 9 27 04 E 42 526446 N 9 451059 E 42 526446 9 451059 42 31 21 N 9 26 53 E 42 5224154 N 9 4479579 E 42 5224154 9 4479579 42 31 09 N 9 26 39 E 42 5192366 N 9 4442028 E 42 5192366 9 4442028 42 30 53 N 9 26 28 E 42 5146421 N 9 4410002 E 42 5146421 9 4410002 42 30 41 N 9 26 25 E 42 5115143 N 9 4403672 E 42 5115143 9 4403672 42 29 18 N 9 27 49 E 42 4882585 N 9 4635683 E 42 4882585 9 4635683 42 25 57 N 9 30 25 E 42 4323657 N 9 506886 E 42 4323657 9 506886 42 24 10 N 9 31 16 E 42 4028339 N 9 5212197 E 42 4028339 9 5212197 42 22 12 N 9 30 49 E 42 370086 N 9 5135379 E 42 370086 9 5135379 42 18 58 N 9 31 10 E 42 3162417 N 9 5193368 E 42 3162417 9 5193368 42 07 02 N 9 22 22 E 42 1172935 N 9 3726414 E 42 1172935 9 3726414 42 04 52 N 9 21 16 E 42 0812478 N 9 3543327 E 42 0812478 9 3543327 42 00 23 N 9 20 35 E 42 0064681 N 9 3430942 E 42 0064681 9 3430942 41 58 05 N 9 21 01 E 41 9681857 N 9 3503577 E 41 9681857 9 3503577 41 56 06 N 9 20 57 E 41 9348688 N 9 3491185 E 41 9348688 9 3491185 41 49 59 N 9 23 10 E 41 8331867 N 9 3860525 E 41 8331867 9 3860525 41 47 10 N 9 23 06 E 41 7860011 N 9 384985 E 41 7860011 9 384985 41 44 08 N 9 22 12 E 41 7356543 N 9 3701148 E 41 7356543 9 3701148 41 43 08 N 9 20 44 E 41 7187912 N 9 3454385 E 41 7187912 9 3454385 41 40 38 N 9 18 17 E 41 6772152 N 9 3046904 E 41 6772152 9 3046904 41 38 58 N 9 17 04 E 41 6493987 N 9 2843807 E 41 6493987 9 2843807 41 37 54 N 9 15 49 E 41 6317231 N 9 2636257 E 41 6317231 9 2636257 41 36 34 N 9 14 39 E 41 6095546 N 9 2442816 E 41 6095546 9 2442816 41 35 33 N 9 14 17 E 41 5924017 N 9 2380697 E 41 5924017 9 2380697 41 35 13 N 9 14 09 E 41 5870816 N 9 2357469 E 41 5870816 9 2357469 41 33 14 N 9 13 27 E 41 5539234 N 9 2241436 E 41 5539234 9 2241436 41 29 58 N 9 11 06 E 41 4993452 N 9 1850907 E 41 4993452 9 1850907 41 28 45 N 9 10 51 E 41 4792573 N 9 1807348 E 41 4792573 9 1807348 41 26 30 N 9 10 37 E 41 4416527 N 9 1769367 E 41 4416527 9 1769367 41 26 17 N 9 10 41 E 41 438138 N 9 1781545 E 41 438138 9 1781545 41 24 31 N 9 11 48 E 41 4087016 N 9 1966939 E 41 4087016 9 1966939 41 23 43 N 9 12 43 E 41 3952119 N 9 2120603 E 41 3952119 9 2120603 41 23 14 N 9 12 52 E 41 3872012 N 9 2144233 E 41 3872012 9 2144233 41 22 22 N 9 12 19 E 41 3728072 N 9 2051429 E 41 3728072 9 2051429 41 22 17 N 9 12 10 E 41 371358 N 9 202804 E 41 371358 9 202804Electrode Line in Corsica42 31 35 N 9 27 04 E 42 526446 N 9 451059 E 42 526446 9 451059 42 31 37 N 9 27 20 E 42 526913 N 9 455664 E 42 526913 9 455664 Start of underground cable 42 31 38 N 9 27 23 E 42 527114 N 9 456373 E 42 527114 9 456373 End of underground cable 42 31 40 N 9 27 32 E 42 527809 N 9 458786 E 42 527809 9 458786 42 31 42 N 9 27 38 E 42 528453 N 9 460533 E 42 528453 9 460533 42 31 45 N 9 27 40 E 42 529062 N 9 461204 E 42 529062 9 461204 42 31 54 N 9 27 47 E 42 531580 N 9 462921 E 42 531580 9 462921 42 31 54 N 9 27 51 E 42 531726 N 9 464103 E 42 531726 9 464103 42 31 54 N 9 27 55 E 42 531720 N 9 465155 E 42 531720 9 465155 42 31 56 N 9 28 00 E 42 532148 N 9 466653 E 42 532148 9 466653 42 32 03 N 9 28 10 E 42 534213 N 9 469322 E 42 534213 9 469322 42 32 06 N 9 28 22 E 42 535056 N 9 472849 E 42 535056 9 472849 42 32 09 N 9 28 35 E 42 535890 N 9 476480 E 42 535890 9 476480 42 32 10 N 9 28 39 E 42 536231 N 9 477413 E 42 536231 9 477413 42 32 13 N 9 28 52 E 42 536906 N 9 481000 E 42 536906 9 481000 Start of underground cable 42 32 34 N 9 29 49 E 42 542841 N 9 496813 E 42 542841 9 496813 End of underground cable 42 33 35 N 9 30 44 E 42 559626 N 9 512277 E 42 559626 9 512277 42 33 34 N 9 30 56 E 42 559351 N 9 515678 E 42 559351 9 515678Sardinia41 14 49 N 9 10 55 E 41 2470573 N 9 1819981 E 41 2470573 9 1819981 41 14 31 N 9 10 41 E 41 2420114 N 9 1781893 E 41 2420114 9 1781893 41 13 54 N 9 10 39 E 41 2317388 N 9 1773981 E 41 2317388 9 1773981 41 13 27 N 9 11 02 E 41 2240772 N 9 1838408 E 41 2240772 9 1838408 41 12 05 N 9 12 17 E 41 2012626 N 9 2045957 E 41 2012626 9 2045957 41 11 44 N 9 12 32 E 41 1956339 N 9 2088014 E 41 1956339 9 2088014 41 10 35 N 9 13 53 E 41 1764413 N 9 231348 E 41 1764413 9 231348 41 10 20 N 9 14 16 E 41 1721087 N 9 2376727 E 41 1721087 9 2376727 41 10 17 N 9 14 14 E 41 1713597 N 9 2372623 E 41 1713597 9 2372623 41 09 56 N 9 14 17 E 41 1655063 N 9 2381018 E 41 1655063 9 2381018 41 08 44 N 9 14 03 E 41 1454607 N 9 234159 E 41 1454607 9 234159 41 07 33 N 9 13 33 E 41 1257807 N 9 2259514 E 41 1257807 9 2259514 41 04 06 N 9 12 08 E 41 0684646 N 9 2021549 E 41 0684646 9 2021549 41 02 18 N 9 11 23 E 41 0383656 N 9 189696 E 41 0383656 9 189696 41 01 43 N 9 10 49 E 41 0287369 N 9 1802815 E 41 0287369 9 1802815 41 00 40 N 9 10 14 E 41 0111876 N 9 1706175 E 41 0111876 9 1706175 41 00 12 N 9 09 35 E 41 0034273 N 9 1596633 E 41 0034273 9 1596633 40 59 48 N 9 09 13 E 40 9966541 N 9 1535425 E 40 9966541 9 1535425 40 58 28 N 9 07 39 E 40 9745075 N 9 1276377 E 40 9745075 9 1276377 40 39 16 N 8 42 52 E 40 6543853 N 8 7143308 E 40 6543853 8 7143308 40 55 24 N 9 05 58 E 40 9233709 N 9 0995228 E 40 9233709 9 0995228 40 55 01 N 9 05 47 E 40 9169198 N 9 0963525 E 40 9169198 9 0963525 40 53 58 N 9 05 03 E 40 899363 N 9 0842664 E 40 899363 9 0842664 40 53 53 N 9 04 58 E 40 8981385 N 9 082641 E 40 8981385 9 082641 40 52 42 N 9 03 24 E 40 8783033 N 9 0565646 E 40 8783033 9 0565646 40 52 07 N 9 02 07 E 40 8686208 N 9 0353912 E 40 8686208 9 0353912 40 51 21 N 9 00 33 E 40 8558412 N 9 0092826 E 40 8558412 9 0092826 40 51 21 N 9 00 27 E 40 855829 N 9 0074641 E 40 855829 9 0074641 40 51 15 N 9 00 13 E 40 8540803 N 9 0036821 E 40 8540803 9 0036821 40 50 38 N 8 58 54 E 40 8440087 N 8 9816129 E 40 8440087 8 9816129 40 48 53 N 8 56 53 E 40 8147187 N 8 9480048 E 40 8147187 8 9480048 40 48 28 N 8 56 17 E 40 8076784 N 8 9379466 E 40 8076784 8 9379466 40 47 42 N 8 55 12 E 40 7949519 N 8 9199543 E 40 7949519 8 9199543 40 47 06 N 8 54 26 E 40 7850176 N 8 9071655 E 40 7850176 8 9071655 40 44 12 N 8 50 42 E 40 7365717 N 8 8449597 E 40 7365717 8 8449597 40 41 20 N 8 47 35 E 40 6888551 N 8 7930536 E 40 6888551 8 7930536 40 40 40 N 8 46 52 E 40 6776682 N 8 7809837 E 40 6776682 8 7809837 40 39 31 N 8 44 44 E 40 6587235 N 8 7455732 E 40 6587235 8 7455732 40 39 16 N 8 42 52 E 40 654422 N 8 714371 E 40 654422 8 714371 40 39 08 N 8 42 54 E 40 6523117 N 8 7150389 E 40 6523117 8 7150389Electrode Line in Sardinia40 52 46 N 8 38 01 E 40 879346 N 8 633543 E 40 879346 8 633543 40 52 30 N 8 38 10 E 40 875044 N 8 636241 E 40 875044 8 636241 40 48 54 N 8 39 32 E 40 814970 N 8 658809 E 40 814970 8 658809 40 47 52 N 8 40 07 E 40 797780 N 8 668572 E 40 797780 8 668572 40 47 02 N 8 40 25 E 40 783942 N 8 673692 E 40 783942 8 673692 40 44 11 N 8 41 50 E 40 736297 N 8 697328 E 40 736297 8 697328 40 39 26 N 8 42 52 E 40 657359 N 8 714528 E 40 657359 8 714528 40 39 22 N 8 42 56 E 40 656005 N 8 715465 E 40 656005 8 715465 40 39 18 N 8 42 57 E 40 654963 N 8 715777 E 40 654963 8 715777 40 39 16 N 8 42 52 E 40 654422 N 8 714371 E 40 654422 8 714371See also Edit France portal Energy portalSAPEI the new HVDC interconnection between Sardinia and the Italian mainland References Edit a b Natale M Lane F J Calverley T E The Sardinian Italian Mainland HVDC interconnection IEE Conf Pub No 22 p42 Sept 1966 Ciallella V Grattarola P Taschini A Martin C J B Willis D B Testing and operating experience of the Sardinia Italian Mainland D C link CIGRE session Paris 1968 paper reference 43 09 Compendium of HVDC Schemes CIGRE Technical Brochure No 003 1987 pp44 50 Mazzoldi F Taisne J P Martin C J B Rowe B A Adaptation of the control equipment to permit 3 terminal operation of the HVDC link between Sardinia Corsica and mainland Italy IEEE Summer power meeting 1988 Collet Billon V Taisne J P Charles P The SACOI Sardinai Corsica Italy multiterminal link commissioning tests of the Corsican station Lucciana CIGRE session Paris 1988 paper reference 14 12 Arcidiacono V Corsi S Pincella C Gasparini E Piffer A Toffolo G Ricci P Vascellari S Zafferani G System commissioning tests for the SACOI 2 HVDc three terminal link CIGRE session Paris 1994 paper reference 14 107 External links EditMap all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KMLhttps web archive org web 20041118012809 http www jce it newjce contents elettronica cinescopio 200206 CIN6 20Chiama pdf https web archive org web 20051115115248 http www transmission bpa gov cigresc14 Compendium SACOI htm https web archive org web 20051115133446 http www transmission bpa gov cigresc14 Compendium Sacoi Pictures pdf http www openstreetmap org relation 3391794 https www progettodighe it gallery albums userpics 10156 SACOI pdf https www terna it en gb sistemaelettrico dialogoconicittadini sacoi3ternaincontratoscanaesardegna aspx tab 2 SACOI 3 project in Italian Video on construction of SACOI 1 Wikimedia Commons has media related to HVDC Italy Corsica Sardinia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HVDC Italy Corsica Sardinia amp oldid 1049602292, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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