HVC (formerly, hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis (HVc), and high vocal center) is a nucleus in the brain of the songbirds (order passeriformes) necessary for both the learning and the production of bird song. It is located in the lateral caudal nidopallium and has projections to both the direct and the anterior forebrain pathways.
The HVC in the context of the song-learning pathway in birds.[1]
It is notable that both of the other orders of birds that learn song, the hummingbirds and parrots, also seem to have structures similar to HVC. Since it is believed that all three of these groups independently derived the ability to learn song, it is believed that these other HVC-like structures are examples of homoplasy.
HVC was originally called the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis (HVc).[2] Later neuroanatomy revealed this name to be incorrect, however, and many researchers referred to it as the high vocal center due to its important function in vocal learning. When the nomenclature of the avian brain was officially revised in 2004,[3] these names were officially dropped in order to correct the historical inaccuracies. As there was "No easy solution for correcting original naming error for this structure"[4] HVC was established as the formal name for the region and no longer stands for anything.[5][6]
Anatomyedit
HVC is located in the caudal nidopallium. It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the basal ganglia nucleus Area X.[1] It receives recurrent motor activity through the thalamic nucleus Uvaformis (Uva) and input from the auditory system through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium (CMM) and through the nucleus interfacialis (NIf).[7] Four distinct types of neurons have been identified in HVC, each with unique anatomical and physiological properties: interneurons, RA-projecting cells (HVCRA), and X-projecting cells (HVCX), and Nucleus Avalanche (Av) projecting cells (HVCAV).[7][8][9]
^ abNottebohm, F. (2005). "The Neural Basis of Birdsong". PLOS Biology. 3 (5): e164. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030164. PMC1110917. PMID 15884976.
^Nottebohm, F.; Arnold, A. (1976). "Sexual dimorphism in vocal control areas of the songbird brain". Science. 194 (4261): 211–213. Bibcode:1976Sci...194..211N. doi:10.1126/science.959852. PMID 959852.
^Reiner, A.; Perkel, D. J.; Mello, C. V.; Jarvis, E. D. (2004). "Songbirds and the Revised Avian Brain Nomenclature". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1016 (1): 77–108. Bibcode:2004NYASA1016...77R. doi:10.1196/annals.1298.013. PMC2481519. PMID 15313771.
^. 20 Aug 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
^Naguib, M.; Riebel, K. (2006). "Birdsong: a Key Model in Animal Communication". Encyclopedia of Language: 40–53. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00830-0. ISBN9780080448541.
^. Archived from the original on 2010-02-12. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
^ abMooney, R. (2009). "Neurobiology of song learning". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 19 (6): 654–660. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.10.004. PMC5066577. PMID 19892546.
^Akutagawa, Eugene; Konishi, Masakazu (2010-03-23). "New brain pathways found in the vocal control system of a songbird". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 518 (15): 3086–3100. doi:10.1002/cne.22383. PMID 20533361. S2CID 13458646.
^Roberts, Todd F; Hisey, Erin; Tanaka, Masashi; Kearney, Matthew G; Chattree, Gaurav; Yang, Cindy F; Shah, Nirao M; Mooney, Richard (2017-05-15). "Identification of a motor-to-auditory pathway important for vocal learning". Nature Neuroscience. 20 (7): 978–986. doi:10.1038/nn.4563. ISSN 1097-6256. PMC5572074. PMID 28504672.
avian, brain, region, formerly, hyperstriatum, ventrale, pars, caudalis, high, vocal, center, nucleus, brain, songbirds, order, passeriformes, necessary, both, learning, production, bird, song, located, lateral, caudal, nidopallium, projections, both, direct, . HVC formerly hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudalis HVc and high vocal center is a nucleus in the brain of the songbirds order passeriformes necessary for both the learning and the production of bird song It is located in the lateral caudal nidopallium and has projections to both the direct and the anterior forebrain pathways The HVC in the context of the song learning pathway in birds 1 It is notable that both of the other orders of birds that learn song the hummingbirds and parrots also seem to have structures similar to HVC Since it is believed that all three of these groups independently derived the ability to learn song it is believed that these other HVC like structures are examples of homoplasy Contents 1 Name 2 Anatomy 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksName editHVC was originally called the hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudalis HVc 2 Later neuroanatomy revealed this name to be incorrect however and many researchers referred to it as the high vocal center due to its important function in vocal learning When the nomenclature of the avian brain was officially revised in 2004 3 these names were officially dropped in order to correct the historical inaccuracies As there was No easy solution for correcting original naming error for this structure 4 HVC was established as the formal name for the region and no longer stands for anything 5 6 Anatomy editHVC is located in the caudal nidopallium It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium RA and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the basal ganglia nucleus Area X 1 It receives recurrent motor activity through the thalamic nucleus Uvaformis Uva and input from the auditory system through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium CMM and through the nucleus interfacialis NIf 7 Four distinct types of neurons have been identified in HVC each with unique anatomical and physiological properties interneurons RA projecting cells HVCRA and X projecting cells HVCX and Nucleus Avalanche Av projecting cells HVCAV 7 8 9 See also editBird vocalization Song control systemReferences edit a b Nottebohm F 2005 The Neural Basis of Birdsong PLOS Biology 3 5 e164 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 0030164 PMC 1110917 PMID 15884976 Nottebohm F Arnold A 1976 Sexual dimorphism in vocal control areas of the songbird brain Science 194 4261 211 213 Bibcode 1976Sci 194 211N doi 10 1126 science 959852 PMID 959852 Reiner A Perkel D J Mello C V Jarvis E D 2004 Songbirds and the Revised Avian Brain Nomenclature Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1016 1 77 108 Bibcode 2004NYASA1016 77R doi 10 1196 annals 1298 013 PMC 2481519 PMID 15313771 Table 4 New Terminology for Neostriatum 20 Aug 2012 Archived from the original on 10 November 2016 Retrieved 20 August 2012 Naguib M Riebel K 2006 Birdsong a Key Model in Animal Communication Encyclopedia of Language 40 53 doi 10 1016 B0 08 044854 2 00830 0 ISBN 9780080448541 Avian Enrichment Amazing Bird Brain Archived from the original on 2010 02 12 Retrieved 2013 09 29 a b Mooney R 2009 Neurobiology of song learning Current Opinion in Neurobiology 19 6 654 660 doi 10 1016 j conb 2009 10 004 PMC 5066577 PMID 19892546 Akutagawa Eugene Konishi Masakazu 2010 03 23 New brain pathways found in the vocal control system of a songbird The Journal of Comparative Neurology 518 15 3086 3100 doi 10 1002 cne 22383 PMID 20533361 S2CID 13458646 Roberts Todd F Hisey Erin Tanaka Masashi Kearney Matthew G Chattree Gaurav Yang Cindy F Shah Nirao M Mooney Richard 2017 05 15 Identification of a motor to auditory pathway important for vocal learning Nature Neuroscience 20 7 978 986 doi 10 1038 nn 4563 ISSN 1097 6256 PMC 5572074 PMID 28504672 External links editHigh Vocal Center at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HVC avian brain region amp oldid 1188072218, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
