Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is a highly pure and ordered form of synthetic graphite. It is characterised by a low mosaic spread angle, meaning that the individual graphite crystallites are well aligned with each other. The best HOPG samples have mosaic spreads of less than 1 degree.
Note that the term "highly ordered pyrolytic graphite" is sometimes used for this material, but IUPAC favors "highly oriented".[1]
Synthesisedit
The method used to produce HOPG is based on the process used to make pyrolytic graphite, but with additional tensile stress in the basal-plane direction. This produces improved alignment of the graphite crystallites and an interplanar spacing close to that observed in natural graphite. The "stress recrystallization" of graphite was first described by L. C. F. Blackman and Alfred Ubbelohde in 1962.[2]
The diameters of the individual crystallites in HOPG are typically in the range 1–10 μm.[3]
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite". doi:10.1351/goldbook.H02823.
^L. C. F. Blackman; A. R. Ubbelohde (1962). "Stress Recrystallization of Graphite". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A266 (1324): 20–32. Bibcode:1962RSPSA.266...20B. doi:10.1098/rspa.1962.0044. S2CID 136690560.
^A. W. Moore (1973). "Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite". Chemistry and Physics of Carbon. 11: 69–187.
^R. V. Lapshin (1998). "Automatic lateral calibration of tunneling microscope scanners" (PDF). Review of Scientific Instruments. 69 (9): 3268–3276. Bibcode:1998RScI...69.3268L. doi:10.1063/1.1149091. ISSN 0034-6748.
^R. V. Lapshin (2019). "Drift-insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range: Real mode" (PDF). Applied Surface Science. 470: 1122–1129. arXiv:1501.06679. Bibcode:2019ApSS..470.1122L. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.149. ISSN 0169-4332. S2CID 119275633.
April 15, 2024
highly, oriented, pyrolytic, graphite, hopg, highly, pure, ordered, form, synthetic, graphite, characterised, mosaic, spread, angle, meaning, that, individual, graphite, crystallites, well, aligned, with, each, other, best, hopg, samples, have, mosaic, spreads. Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite HOPG is a highly pure and ordered form of synthetic graphite It is characterised by a low mosaic spread angle meaning that the individual graphite crystallites are well aligned with each other The best HOPG samples have mosaic spreads of less than 1 degree Note that the term highly ordered pyrolytic graphite is sometimes used for this material but IUPAC favors highly oriented 1 Synthesis editThe method used to produce HOPG is based on the process used to make pyrolytic graphite but with additional tensile stress in the basal plane direction This produces improved alignment of the graphite crystallites and an interplanar spacing close to that observed in natural graphite The stress recrystallization of graphite was first described by L C F Blackman and Alfred Ubbelohde in 1962 2 The diameters of the individual crystallites in HOPG are typically in the range 1 10 mm 3 Application editHOPG is used in x ray optics as a monochromator and in scanning probe microscopy as a substrate and for magnification calibration 4 5 References edit IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd ed the Gold Book 1997 Online corrected version 2006 Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite doi 10 1351 goldbook H02823 L C F Blackman A R Ubbelohde 1962 Stress Recrystallization of Graphite Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A266 1324 20 32 Bibcode 1962RSPSA 266 20B doi 10 1098 rspa 1962 0044 S2CID 136690560 A W Moore 1973 Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite Chemistry and Physics of Carbon 11 69 187 R V Lapshin 1998 Automatic lateral calibration of tunneling microscope scanners PDF Review of Scientific Instruments 69 9 3268 3276 Bibcode 1998RScI 69 3268L doi 10 1063 1 1149091 ISSN 0034 6748 R V Lapshin 2019 Drift insensitive distributed calibration of probe microscope scanner in nanometer range Real mode PDF Applied Surface Science 470 1122 1129 arXiv 1501 06679 Bibcode 2019ApSS 470 1122L doi 10 1016 j apsusc 2018 10 149 ISSN 0169 4332 S2CID 119275633 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite amp oldid 1167314380, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
