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HMS Roxburgh (1904)

December 15, 2023

HMS Roxburgh was one of six Devonshire-class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was assigned to the 1st Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion and was transferred to the reserve Third Fleet in 1909. She was then assigned to the 5th Cruiser Squadron of the reserve Second Fleet in 1912 and the 3rd Cruiser Squadron the following year.

Roxburgh
History
United Kingdom
NameRoxburgh
NamesakeRoxburghshire
BuilderLondon & Glasgow Shipbuilding, Govan
Laid down13 June 1902
Launched19 January 1904
Completed5 September 1905
FateSold for scrap, 8 November 1921
General characteristics
Class and typeDevonshire-class armoured cruiser
Displacement10,850 long tons (11,020 t) (normal)
Length473 ft 6 in (144.3 m) (o/a)
Beam68 ft 6 in (20.9 m)
Draught24 ft (7.3 m)
Installed power
Propulsion2 × shafts; 2 × triple-expansion steam engines
Speed22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph)
Complement610
Armament
Armour

Upon mobilisation in mid-1914 her squadron was assigned to the Grand Fleet and spent much of its time patrolling the northern exits from the North Sea and the Norwegian coast. She was torpedoed in mid-1915 by a German submarine and repairs took almost a year. Roxburgh was transferred to the North America and West Indies Station in mid-1916 and spent the rest of the war escorting convoys. She rammed a German submarine while escorting a convoy in early 1918. The ship was reduced to reserve in 1919, but recommissioned later that year for use as a radio training ship. Roxburgh was paid off in 1920 and sold for scrap the following year.

Design and description edit

Roxburgh was designed to displace 10,850 long tons (11,020 t). The ship had an overall length of 473 feet 6 inches (144.3 m), a beam of 68 feet 6 inches (20.9 m) and a deep draught of 24 feet (7.3 m). She was powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of 21,000 indicated horsepower (16,000 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph). The engines were powered by seventeen Dürr and six cylindrical boilers.[1] She carried a maximum of 1,033 long tons (1,050 t) of coal and her complement consisted of 610 officers and ratings.[2]

Her main armament consisted of four breech-loading (BL) 7.5-inch Mk I guns mounted in four single-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and one on each side.[3] The guns fired their 200-pound (91 kg) shells to a range of about 13,800 yards (12,600 m).[4] Her secondary armament of six BL 6-inch Mk VII guns was arranged in casemates amidships. Four of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.[5] They had a maximum range of approximately 12,200 yards (11,200 m) with their 100-pound (45 kg) shells.[6] Roxburgh also carried 18 quick-firing (QF) 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes.[1] Her two 12-pounder 8 cwt guns could be dismounted for service ashore.[3]

At some point in the war, the main deck six-inch guns of the Devonshire-class ships were moved to the upper deck and given gun shields. Their casemates were plated over to improve seakeeping and the four 3-pounder guns displaced by the transfer were landed.[7]

The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of six inches (152 mm) and was closed off by five-inch (127 mm) transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets was also five inches thick whilst that of their barbettes was six inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from .75–2 inches (19–51 mm) and the conning tower was protected by twelve inches (305 mm) of armour.[1]

Construction and service edit

Roxburgh, named to commemorate the Scottish county,[8] was laid down at the Govan shipyard of the London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Company on 13 June 1902.[1] Construction was slowed owing to problems with delivery of her boilers,[9] with the ship being launched on 19 January 1904 and completed on 5 September 1905.[1] She was initially assigned to the 1st Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet together with most of her sister ships and remained with the squadron until beginning a refit at Devonport Royal Dockyard in December 1908. Upon its completion in August 1909, she was assigned to the reserve Third Fleet.[10] In June 1912 the ship was transferred to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the Second Fleet. Six months later, she stood by the stranded merchantman SS Ludgate off the coast of Morocco.[11]

The squadron was assigned to the Grand Fleet in mid-1914 as the Navy mobilised for war. It spent much of its time with the Grand Fleet reinforcing the patrols near the Shetland and Faeroe Islands and the Norwegian coast[12] where she captured a German merchantman on 6 August.[11] On 18 June 1915, Roxburgh was part of a force of cruisers from the 3rd Cruiser Squadron and the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron, accompanied by destroyers, that set out from Rosyth on a patrol across the North Sea. The force was attacked several times by German submarines, and Roxburgh was hit in the bow by a single torpedo from SM U-38 on 20 June, but managed to return to Rosyth under her own power.[13] The ship was under repair until April 1916. She patrolled the Norwegian coast in April 1916 and was then transferred to the North America and West Indies Station in September for convoy escort duties.[11] On 13 February 1918 Roxburgh rammed and sank the German submarine SM U-89 north of Malin Head, Ireland, with no survivors.[14] The ship was reduced to reserve at Plymouth Royal Dockyard in June 1919, but was recommissioned later that year for use as a radio training ship. Roxburgh was paid off in February 1920 and sold for scrap on 8 November 1921.[8]

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 71
  2. ^ Friedman 2012, p. 336
  3. ^ a b Friedman 2012, p. 256
  4. ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 75–76
  5. ^ Friedman 2012, pp. 256, 260–61
  6. ^ Friedman 2011, pp. 80–81
  7. ^ Friedman 2012, p. 280
  8. ^ a b Silverstone, p. 265
  9. ^ The Engineer 22 January 1904, p. 94
  10. ^ Friedman 2012, p. 288; Gardiner & Gray, p. 13
  11. ^ a b c Gardiner & Gray, p. 13
  12. ^ Corbett, Vol. I, pp. 31, 77, 206
  13. ^ Jellicoe, pp. 224–25
  14. ^ "WWI Uboats: U 89". Uboat.net. Retrieved 10 March 2014.

Bibliography edit

  • Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
  • Corbett, Julian (1997). Naval Operations. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. II (reprint of the 1929 second ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press. ISBN 1-870423-74-7.
  • Friedman, Norman (2012). British Cruisers of the Victorian Era. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-59114-068-9.
  • Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
  • Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Goldrick, James (1984). The King's Ships Were at Sea: The War in the North Sea August 1914–February 1915. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-334-2.
  • Jellicoe, John (1919). The Grand Fleet 1914–1916: Its Creation, Development and Work. London: Cassell and Company.
  • "Launch of H.M.S. Roxburgh" (PDF). The Engineer. Vol. 97. 22 January 1904. pp. 94–95.
  • Massie, Robert K. (2004). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-224-04092-8.
  • Newbolt, Henry (1996). Naval Operations. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. Vol. IV (reprint of the 1928 ed.). Nashville, Tennessee: Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-253-5.
  • Sieche, Erwin F. (1990). "Austria-Hungary's Last Visit to the USA". Warship International. XXVII (2): 142–164. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
  • "Transcript: HMS ROXBURGH - June 1916 to November 1918, British Waters, North Atlantic, Caribbean, North Atlantic Convoys". Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 7 March 2014.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Roxburgh (ship, 1905) at Wikimedia Commons

December 15, 2023
roxburgh, 1904, roxburgh, devonshire, class, armoured, cruisers, built, royal, navy, first, decade, 20th, century, assigned, cruiser, squadron, channel, fleet, upon, completion, transferred, reserve, third, fleet, 1909, then, assigned, cruiser, squadron, reser. HMS Roxburgh was one of six Devonshire class armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century She was assigned to the 1st Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion and was transferred to the reserve Third Fleet in 1909 She was then assigned to the 5th Cruiser Squadron of the reserve Second Fleet in 1912 and the 3rd Cruiser Squadron the following year RoxburghHistoryUnited KingdomNameRoxburghNamesakeRoxburghshireBuilderLondon amp Glasgow Shipbuilding GovanLaid down13 June 1902Launched19 January 1904Completed5 September 1905FateSold for scrap 8 November 1921General characteristicsClass and typeDevonshire class armoured cruiserDisplacement10 850 long tons 11 020 t normal Length473 ft 6 in 144 3 m o a Beam68 ft 6 in 20 9 m Draught24 ft 7 3 m Installed power17 Durr boilers 6 cylindrical boilers 21 000 ihp 16 000 kW Propulsion2 shafts 2 triple expansion steam enginesSpeed22 knots 41 km h 25 mph Complement610Armament4 single 7 5 in 190 mm guns 6 single 6 in 150 mm guns 2 single 12pdr 3 in 76 mm Note 1 18 single 3 pdr 37 mm 1 5 in Hotchkiss guns 2 single 18 in 460 mm torpedo tubesArmourBelt 2 6 in 51 152 mm Decks 75 2 in 19 51 mm Barbettes 6 in 152 mm Turrets 5 in 130 mm Conning tower 12 in 305 mm Bulkheads 5 in 127 mm Upon mobilisation in mid 1914 her squadron was assigned to the Grand Fleet and spent much of its time patrolling the northern exits from the North Sea and the Norwegian coast She was torpedoed in mid 1915 by a German submarine and repairs took almost a year Roxburgh was transferred to the North America and West Indies Station in mid 1916 and spent the rest of the war escorting convoys She rammed a German submarine while escorting a convoy in early 1918 The ship was reduced to reserve in 1919 but recommissioned later that year for use as a radio training ship Roxburgh was paid off in 1920 and sold for scrap the following year Contents 1 Design and description 2 Construction and service 3 Notes 4 Footnotes 5 Bibliography 6 External linksDesign and description editRoxburgh was designed to displace 10 850 long tons 11 020 t The ship had an overall length of 473 feet 6 inches 144 3 m a beam of 68 feet 6 inches 20 9 m and a deep draught of 24 feet 7 3 m She was powered by two 4 cylinder triple expansion steam engines each driving one shaft which produced a total of 21 000 indicated horsepower 16 000 kW and gave a maximum speed of 22 knots 41 km h 25 mph The engines were powered by seventeen Durr and six cylindrical boilers 1 She carried a maximum of 1 033 long tons 1 050 t of coal and her complement consisted of 610 officers and ratings 2 Her main armament consisted of four breech loading BL 7 5 inch Mk I guns mounted in four single gun turrets one each fore and aft of the superstructure and one on each side 3 The guns fired their 200 pound 91 kg shells to a range of about 13 800 yards 12 600 m 4 Her secondary armament of six BL 6 inch Mk VII guns was arranged in casemates amidships Four of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather 5 They had a maximum range of approximately 12 200 yards 11 200 m with their 100 pound 45 kg shells 6 Roxburgh also carried 18 quick firing QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18 inch torpedo tubes 1 Her two 12 pounder 8 cwt guns could be dismounted for service ashore 3 At some point in the war the main deck six inch guns of the Devonshire class ships were moved to the upper deck and given gun shields Their casemates were plated over to improve seakeeping and the four 3 pounder guns displaced by the transfer were landed 7 The ship s waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of six inches 152 mm and was closed off by five inch 127 mm transverse bulkheads The armour of the gun turrets was also five inches thick whilst that of their barbettes was six inches thick The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from 75 2 inches 19 51 mm and the conning tower was protected by twelve inches 305 mm of armour 1 Construction and service editRoxburgh named to commemorate the Scottish county 8 was laid down at the Govan shipyard of the London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Company on 13 June 1902 1 Construction was slowed owing to problems with delivery of her boilers 9 with the ship being launched on 19 January 1904 and completed on 5 September 1905 1 She was initially assigned to the 1st Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet together with most of her sister ships and remained with the squadron until beginning a refit at Devonport Royal Dockyard in December 1908 Upon its completion in August 1909 she was assigned to the reserve Third Fleet 10 In June 1912 the ship was transferred to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the Second Fleet Six months later she stood by the stranded merchantman SS Ludgate off the coast of Morocco 11 The squadron was assigned to the Grand Fleet in mid 1914 as the Navy mobilised for war It spent much of its time with the Grand Fleet reinforcing the patrols near the Shetland and Faeroe Islands and the Norwegian coast 12 where she captured a German merchantman on 6 August 11 On 18 June 1915 Roxburgh was part of a force of cruisers from the 3rd Cruiser Squadron and the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron accompanied by destroyers that set out from Rosyth on a patrol across the North Sea The force was attacked several times by German submarines and Roxburgh was hit in the bow by a single torpedo from SM U 38 on 20 June but managed to return to Rosyth under her own power 13 The ship was under repair until April 1916 She patrolled the Norwegian coast in April 1916 and was then transferred to the North America and West Indies Station in September for convoy escort duties 11 On 13 February 1918 Roxburgh rammed and sank the German submarine SM U 89 north of Malin Head Ireland with no survivors 14 The ship was reduced to reserve at Plymouth Royal Dockyard in June 1919 but was recommissioned later that year for use as a radio training ship Roxburgh was paid off in February 1920 and sold for scrap on 8 November 1921 8 Notes edit Cwt is the abbreviation for hundredweight 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun Footnotes edit a b c d e Chesneau amp Kolesnik p 71 Friedman 2012 p 336 a b Friedman 2012 p 256 Friedman 2011 pp 75 76 Friedman 2012 pp 256 260 61 Friedman 2011 pp 80 81 Friedman 2012 p 280 a b Silverstone p 265 The Engineer 22 January 1904 p 94 Friedman 2012 p 288 Gardiner amp Gray p 13 a b c Gardiner amp Gray p 13 Corbett Vol I pp 31 77 206 Jellicoe pp 224 25 WWI Uboats U 89 Uboat net Retrieved 10 March 2014 Bibliography editChesneau Roger amp Kolesnik Eugene M eds 1979 Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1860 1905 Greenwich Conway Maritime Press ISBN 0 8317 0302 4 Corbett Julian 1997 Naval Operations History of the Great War Based on Official Documents Vol II reprint of the 1929 second ed London and Nashville Tennessee Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press ISBN 1 870423 74 7 Friedman Norman 2012 British Cruisers of the Victorian Era Barnsley South Yorkshire UK Seaforth ISBN 978 1 59114 068 9 Friedman Norman 2011 Naval Weapons of World War One Barnsley South Yorkshire UK Seaforth ISBN 978 1 84832 100 7 Gardiner Robert amp Gray Randal eds 1985 Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1906 1921 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 85177 245 5 Goldrick James 1984 The King s Ships Were at Sea The War in the North Sea August 1914 February 1915 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 334 2 Jellicoe John 1919 The Grand Fleet 1914 1916 Its Creation Development and Work London Cassell and Company Launch of H M S Roxburgh PDF The Engineer Vol 97 22 January 1904 pp 94 95 Massie Robert K 2004 Castles of Steel Britain Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea London Jonathan Cape ISBN 0 224 04092 8 Newbolt Henry 1996 Naval Operations History of the Great War Based on Official Documents Vol IV reprint of the 1928 ed Nashville Tennessee Battery Press ISBN 0 89839 253 5 Sieche Erwin F 1990 Austria Hungary s Last Visit to the USA Warship International XXVII 2 142 164 ISSN 0043 0374 Silverstone Paul H 1984 Directory of the World s Capital Ships New York Hippocrene Books ISBN 0 88254 979 0 Transcript HMS ROXBURGH June 1916 to November 1918 British Waters North Atlantic Caribbean North Atlantic Convoys Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era Naval History net Retrieved 7 March 2014 External links edit nbsp Media related to Roxburgh ship 1905 at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title HMS Roxburgh 1904 amp oldid 1134793789, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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